Numerical Modeling of Conductive Particle Trajectories in Roll-Type Corona-Electrostatic Separators

Several attempts have already been made to simulate particle trajectories in roll-type electrostatic separators. However, the predictive value of the results is limited by an excessive number of simplifying assumptions regarding the electric field distribution, as well as particle charging and discharging mechanisms. The present work is aimed at improving the existing models by taking into account: (1) the non-uniformity of the electric field in the active zone of the separator and (2) the effect of spark discharges occurring between the electrodes. Based on previous observations, the conductive particles were assumed to lift-off when no longer exposed to corona discharge. The numerical simulations were performed for particles of various sizes. The electric field was computed in each point of the trajectory using a finite element program. It was found that: (1) some of the smaller particles impact the static electrode and are deviated to the middling compartment of the collector and (2) field annealing which accompanies spark discharges significantly affects the trajectories of conductive particles. The results of this study could guide the design of new electrostatic separation applications.     

不同电场中细颗粒物的荷电特性研究

为了研究细颗粒物在直流电晕放电和脉冲电晕放电条件下的不同荷电特性,采用静电低压撞击器分别测试直流电场和脉冲电场中不同电压条件下的单个颗粒平均荷电量,并与理论计算结果进行对比,结果表明:在直流电晕放电中细颗粒物直径小于0.2μm时主要以扩散荷电为主,大于0.2μm时主要以场致荷电为主;在脉冲电晕放电中细颗粒物主要通过自由电子和离子的迁移扩散进行荷电,最终小粒径段颗粒物荷正电且荷电量非常少,大粒径段颗粒物荷负电;在相同的线板式反应器中,脉冲电场可以比直流电场施加更高的峰值电压,加剧带电粒子与颗粒物之间的碰撞荷电,最终提高颗粒物的荷电量。     

Numerical Modeling of Insulating Particles Trajectories in Roll-type Corona-Electrostatic Separators

The trajectories of the insulating particles in roll-type corona-electrostatic separators depend on the configuration of the electrode system, the applied high voltage, the roll speed, the size of the particles and the relative humidity of the ambient air. The aim of this work was to point out how numerical modeling can be of use in the study of the effects of these factors. Particle charging is modeled using the Pauthenier?s equation for spheres in uniform electric field. The equation of particle discharging was obtained after an experimental study of the surface potential decay of a granular layer of insulating material in contact with an electrode. The trajectories are computed based on the balance equation of the electrical and mechanical forces that act on such charged particles. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental findings.     

窄脉冲放电粒子荷电过程分析

对脉冲流光放电粒子荷电过程进行了分析 ,脉冲流光放电状态不同于传统的直流电晕放电 ,窄脉冲流光放电电晕区可延伸到异性电极 ,区域内既有电子 ,也有正离子和负离子 ,电子能量远高于离子能量 ,正离子数量高于负离子数量。脉冲流光放电粒子荷电过程分两个阶段 ,在脉冲放电期内为电子荷电 ,脉冲期过后为离子荷电     

基于自适应变异粒子群算法的电动出租车充电引导

通过调研分析深圳市电动出租车的实际运营数据,提出充电站充电设备时间利用率的计算方法。针对区域内充电站之间设备时间利用率分布不均衡的问题,提出了基于充电站信息和车辆信息的电动出租车充电引导系统,建立了充电引导模型,并采用改进的自适应变异粒子群算法引导电动出租车的充电行为。根据深圳充电站的实际数据进行算例仿真,仿真结果表明,经过充电引导后的电动出租车能根据充电站内充电桩的规模均匀分布到相应的充电站,实现区域内充电站之间充电设备利用率的均衡分布,从而提高充电设备时间利用率。仿真结果验证了所提充电引导方法的可行性。     

可吸入颗粒物在不同温度差下的运动特性研究

应用CFD软件求解三维湍流N-S方程,对不同温差下竖直矩形管道内气固两相流场进行三维数值模拟计算。通过数值模拟,得到由于温度场的不同,使气固两相流的速度场发生改变。通过得到颗粒物的体积浓度的分布,分析在温度场中由于存在热泳力,从而对颗粒物浓度分布产生影响,并得到对不同粒径的颗粒物的浓度分布影响的规律。     

Characterization of Dual Corona-Electrostatic Electrodes for Electrostatic Processes Applications

The dual corona-electrostatic electrodes consist of one or several ionizing elements (wires, needles, and blades) attached to a metallic support. This paper analyzes the characteristic features of a particular type of such electrodes and formulates recommendations on their design and utilization. The experiments focused on several models of dual corona-electrostatic electrodes, the ionizing element being the edge of a thin metallic blade. The tested devices had similar cylindrical metallic supports but blades of different sizes. Thus, it was possible to investigate the influence of electrode geometry on corona onset voltage and spark-over threshold in configurations that are specific to industrial electrostatic processes. Most of the experiments were performed by using roll-type electrostatic separators. A special experimental setup was employed for the study of the distribution of corona current density at the surface of a plate collecting electrode. For the model having the blade edge closer to the metallic support, the corona onset voltage was higher, and the corona discharge affected a smaller area at the surface of the collector. These experiments are discussed in relation with the results of the numerical analysis of the electric field generated by the different electrode configurations. At a given voltage and distance between the ionizing element and the collector, the presence of the cylindrical support diminishes the electric field at the edge of the blade and distorts the field lines. These effects were exploited in the design of the electrode system of an electrostatic separator for the recycling industry.     

基于粒子群遗传算法的电动汽车充电站的布局规划

电动汽车充电站属于电动汽车重要的配套设施,充电站的布局规划对电动汽车的推广有重要意义。提出了区域内车辆流量守恒原理,将区域内的电动汽车数量视为恒定,对电动汽车的总量以及分布进行预测。提出了电动汽车充电站的年最小年综合费用模型,以某城市小区为例,采用粒子群遗传算法对模型进行求解。计算结果表明,基于粒子群遗传算法的电动汽车充电站的布局划具有全局最优、适应性强、经济性好、简单实用等优点。     

交、直流电场作用下交联聚乙烯中的空间电荷习性

Polyethylene is one of the widely studied polymeric insulation materials,which have been used extensively for cable insulation.One of the major issues related to polymeric materials is its easy formation of space charge,a high chance to cause electric field distortions.This phenomenon is more significant under high voltage direct current(HVDC)stresses.Space charge can also be observed under high voltage alternative current(HVAC)stresses but with much less intensity due to the limited charge injection period and the effect of charge recombination caused by the constantly variance of the external fields.When considering the situation of an AC voltage combined with a DC offset,a possible scenario in HVDC technology,there was little research on charge dynamics in the insulation in terms of both experimental and simulation work.In this paper,a numerical simulation based a bipolar charge injection/transport model is used to obtain characteristics of space charge in polyethylene under the combined AC and DC high voltage at room temperature.The bipolar charge injection/transport model,which is widely used in HVDC space charge simulation,is applied in the combined conditions.The overall applied voltage,consisted of root mean square(RMS)values of the AC voltage and DC voltage,is kept the same,while the DC component’s voltage ratio and AC component’s frequency are changed respectively,to illustrate their effects on the space charge dynamics within the insulation under combined electric fields.The simulated charge distributions present notable differences when DC offset is increasingly added in,while relatively small differences when AC component’s frequency altering,especially for the cases whose frequency exceeding 0.5 Hz.     

充电站内电动汽车有序充电策略

以充电站运营收益最大化为目标,以配电变压器容量及最大限度满足用户充电需求为约束条件,建立了充电站内电动汽车有序充电的数学模型。根据用户充电规律,采用蒙特卡洛模拟法模拟用户充电需求,对电动汽车在有序充电和无序充电2种情形下充电站运行的经济效益及配电变压器负载情况进行了仿真计算和分析。研究结果表明,通过动态响应电网分时电价,有序充电控制方法可显著提高电动汽车充电站的经济效益,并具备很高的计算效率。同时,由于相对便宜电价的激励,夜间采用有序充电方式也可能使大量的电动汽车集中充电而导致另外一个用电高峰的出现。     

基于二进制粒子群的充电桩故障定位系统配置与定位方法

电动汽车充电桩网络作为泛在电力物联网的重要组成部分,其电能采集终端配置和故障定位问题已成为一项重要课题.文中提出了一种基于整数线性规划的充电桩网络电能采集终端优化配置模型和故障定位模型.所建立的配置模型以配置成本最低为目标函数,通过规划采集终端的接入位置保证系统各节点电压和各支路电流的可测性;故障定位模型能够针对系统故...     

电动汽车充电站有序充电调度的分散式优化

大量电动汽车无序充电会给电力系统尤其是配电系统的安全与经济运行带来影响甚至挑战。针对集中式优化与控制方法的不足和固定电价策略的缺陷,基于拉格朗日松弛法,将传统的电动汽车充电站有序充电调度集中式优化问题分解为N个子问题(N为需充电电动汽车数量),提出了有序充电调度的分散式优化策略。优化模型以充电站收益最大为目标函数,考虑了用户用电需求、充电时间、变压器容量等约束和充电站分时电价策略。为验证所提方法的有效性,采用蒙特卡洛法模拟电动汽车充电需求,对采用集中式优化和分散式优化策略的有序充电和无序充电情形,以及充电站售电固定电价和分时电价模式下的充电站收益、削峰填谷效果、计算效率等进行仿真计算和分析。结果表明,所提方法相比于无序充电及充电站固定电价策略,可显著提高收益;相比于集中式优化,计算效率更高;充电站采用售电分时电价虽有"填谷"效果,但平抑负荷波动效果并不十分理想。     

基于不同购电模式相结合的电动汽车充换电站运营模式研究

电动汽车达到一定规模后可能带来大量充电负荷,为使收益最大,提出充换电站应采用充电与换电相结合的工作方式,充電模式采用直接从电厂购电,而换电模式通过电网购电。以充换电站的运营收益最大为目标,结合了合同电价与市场电价之间的联动模型对该工作模式下的充换电站运营进行了经济效益分析,确定了最佳充换电比例。最后针对某地区充换电站运营进行了算例分析,证明了此方法的可行性。     

电动汽车充换电站换电池的有序充电优化

大规模的电动汽车充电负荷具有大功率、波动性和不确定性的特点,将给电网带来峰值增高、电压波动等不利影响。为了降低电动汽车充电负荷对电网的不利影响,建立了电动汽车充换电站换电池的充电优化模型。通过对换电池在充电过程中充电时间、充电功率和电池电量的实测数据进行拟合,得到了电动汽车换电池的充电特性。以此为基础,建立了电动汽车充换电站的换电池有序充电模型,该模型在满足充电机数量、电动汽车对换电池的需求、充换电站容量和变电站容量约束的前提下,最小化所属变电站负荷曲线的离差平方和,并应用遗传算法实现了有序充电模型的快速求解。以山东省某电动汽车充换电站为算例,证明了该模型的快速性、正确性和有效性。     

基于组合预测模型的电动汽车充电站短期负荷预测研究

针对电动汽车充电站充电功率随机性大的难题,本文建立了ELMAN反馈式神经网络预测模型,然后采用粒子群算法对其进行优化,接着将优化之后的模型与模糊控制相结合,最终建立3种模型相结合的组合预测模型,并以青岛地区某一充电站的实际负荷数据为算例,验证了组合预测模型的有效性,提高了电动汽车充电站短期负荷预测的精度。     

移动救援充电车充电系统设计

随着电动汽车运营数量的不断增加,电动汽车故障救援工作的重要性日渐突出,针对中国目前充电设施数量不足、分布不平衡、缺乏移动充电救援设施的实际情况,介绍一种基于直流母线结构的移动充电车充电系统设计方案并验证方案的可行性。充电系统包括取力发电机、直流母线前级电源、交直流一体化充电机和大容量储能电池4个部分。此车载充电系统具有灵活性、安全性和环保性的特点,并能满足各种类型待救援电动汽车的充电需求。     

基于自适应变异粒子群算法的电动汽车换电池站充电调度多目标优化

大规模电动汽车用户的无序充电行为会对电网造成“峰上加峰”等影响,因此电动汽车规模化应用迫切要求实现对充电行为的引导和调度.电动汽车换电站具有受可调度时间约束影响小等特点,与个体电动汽车相比较易实现充电调度.根据换电站的特点以换电站各时刻的充电功率为控制对象,建立多目标的调度策略数学模型,并采用自适应变异的粒子群算法求解...     

计及电动汽车充电预测的实时充电优化方法

电动汽车大规模接入电网后,如何优化实时充电功率,避免自由充电带来的晚高峰,实现填谷充电成为重要问题。文中首先回顾了常规实时充电优化方法和电动汽车充电预测技术。基于电动汽车尤其是汽车集群充电行为的可预测性,在常规充电优化方法中加入了未入网汽车的充电预测模型,提出计及汽车充电预测的实时充电优化模型,并通过滚动优化求解得到入网汽车的实时优化充电功率。通过分析和仿真,在不同预测精度下,所提方法都非常接近理论上的最优填谷,并且电动汽车入网充电时间越分散,所提方法对常规方法的改善越明显。