评(白)酒知识(4×44×4)复习提纲

评酒就是利用人的感官—眼、鼻、口来判断酒质优劣的一种检验方法。其中酒质是指饮料酒的感官质量 ;判断的准则是相关的感官评定方法和酒品的质量标准。评酒的前提是酒的理化指标合格。评酒的实质是品尝技术的体现。由于品尝技术与理化分析比较具有一定的优越性 ,所以 ,品尝仍是当今世界上鉴定酒类质量优劣的快速而有效的方法。品尝是一门科学 ,一门艺术 ,也是职业的一部分。所以 ,通过自学、集训 ,重要的是实践 ,掌握了有关技术之后 ,人人都可以对酒类品尝 ,人人都可争当一名评酒员。基于此 ,本提纲从 4个方面列出 4 4条 ,每条又各分为 4款…     

中华人民共和国行业标准 书刊印刷产品检验抽样规则(征求意见稿) CY ×××-××

为了使书刊印刷品检验抽样规则既科学又实用,全国印刷标委会组织专家对《书刊印刷产品检验抽样规则（征求意见稿）》（见《印刷标准化》1993年第4期）进行了讨论。在广泛听取各方面意见的基础上,对原征求意见稿作了重大修改,现将重新起草的《书刊印刷产品检验抽样规则（征求意见稿）》刊登于下。     

中华人民共和国国家标准 单张纸印刷机 尺寸系列 sheet-fed printing machines-Range of sizes GB/T×××-×× ISO 3872(征求意见稿)

由北京印刷机械研究所负责起草的国家标准《单张纸印刷机 尺寸系列》现已完成征求意见稿,本期刊出,广泛征求意见。     

科彩印务的(3×7)21管理模式

(3×7)21管理模式的要义是将纷繁复杂的管理事务打碎,分解为易于理解、便于操作的21点细则,让员工清晰地知道怎样做是正确的,怎样做是错误的,怎样做才能做好,并养成良好的思维和操作习惯。     

6×Fi(29)钢丝绳实物质量的提高

制定先进的生产工艺,采用厂里最好的设备,强化生产全过程的质量管理,６×Ｆｉ（２９） 钢丝绳的实物质量达到ＪＩＳＧ３５２５ —８８ 水平,为生产高质量钢丝绳积累了经验。     

法国西马蒂克剖层机(8cimatic×6型)

在制革工业的准备工程中,剖层操作的目的是要把皮剖成两层,其中一层粒面层是主要的,另一层就是二层皮。剖层后,肉面仍保持皮张的原有厚度的不均一性,粒面层却获得了所需的均一厚度。一般的剖层机具有一个水平式工作台,用两根轴把皮张拉向片割线上游方向,其中一根轴位于环状带刀刀刃的上方。刀带被绷在两个刀轮上。其中有一个是主动轮,另一     

8×WS(36)-PWRC—40钢丝绳的试制

介绍8×WS(36)-PWRC—40钢丝绳设计、制造过程。钢丝绳捻距倍数Ks=7.0,1×7股捻距倍数Kt=10.0,1×36WS股捻距倍数Kg=9.0,计算出钢丝绳各股直径和各层钢丝直径。1×36WS股采用GG-36/400捻股机生产,捻向为左捻;1×7股采用GG-6/300捻股机生产,捻向为左捻;钢丝绳捻制设备选用KS-24/630筐篮机,钢丝绳捻距280mm,捻向为右交互捻。整绳破断拉力达到1190kN,满足使用要求。     

(3×7)21管理:将精细管理落到实处

"(3×7)21管理"对企业问题层层分解,将复杂问题简化为"点",使"大事化小,小事化了"。俗语常说"不管三七二十一",而"(3×7)21管理"的创新应用,使得"只管三七二十一"渐成口号。它将隐性问题详细分解,将工作流程的"线"和"面"凝结     

精纺细纱的捻缩规律——双股正常纱(Z×S,S×Z)

本文在实践的基础上总结出双股正常纱捻缩规律的算式，使捻缩考虑由经验插值转为科学计算，从而揭示了捻缩与纱支，捻度、捻系数等的内在规律     

1511S-(1×4)多梭箱棉织机纹(板)钢(板)联动装置的革新

我厂采用的1511S-(1×4)多梭箱棉织机,主要生产女用线呢和的确良格布.原机的提综信号(纹板、纹钉)和梭箱变换信号(钢板)分别由两套单独的传动机构控制,操作时技术比较复杂、繁琐,而且易出差错.因此,根据兄弟厂的经验,从1969年开始,革新此两机构的联动装置,经过反复试验和改进,革新后的机构已在我厂初步定型,并推广使用.几年来运转正常,效果较好. 现将革新后的联动机构简介如下:     

打梭棒脚帽(F14×15)的改进

我厂共有有梭织机1347台,以往全部使用二孔的打梭棒脚帽(F14×15),但这种型式的打梭棒脚帽在实际使用时需较大的投梭力,才能保证织机的正常运转和避免三跳等织疵的产生,同时还经常有投梭力超过工艺规定的现象。这无论从该件的使用寿命,还是从打梭棒、皮结、皮圈等器材的消耗上看也是很不经济的。为此我厂改进三孔打梭棒脚帽,替代传统的二孔。见附图(虚线为二孔)。     

1511(1×4)多梭箱织机卷穗装置

经向两边有穗及四边有穗的织物,在纺织复制行业如围巾、毛巾、线毯、机织茶巾等品种上是屡见不鲜的。根据这类织物品种的特点,要求织机能按工艺要求进行卷穗,并要求卷穗装置能做到:(1)穗的长度能保证达到工艺上所要求的规格尺寸,穗长不能过长或过短;(2)装置本身结构要简单,维修要方便,动作要正确,操作要安全。 根据上述要求,我厂经过多次反复试验和改进,成功地试制了一套自动卷穗装置,与原有的1511(1×4)多臂多梭箱织机配套使用,从而改变了用人工卷穗或用一把空梭按纬密空织至穗长尺寸的陈旧落后状况。经过     

35(W) ×7类钢丝绳股结构非一致性研究

研究35(W)×7类钢丝绳的结构及特点,结果显示该类钢丝绳具有实用价值的结构有限,外层绳股数越多,内层绳股也应越多.该类钢丝绳不仅不同层股具体结构不一定完全相同,而且股结构类别也不一定完全相同.最常见情况:(1)次外层小股、内层股与外层股结构相同,而次外层大股为瓦林吞结构;(2)次外层小股、次外层大股、内层股与外层股结...     

NK35(W)×K7类阻旋转钢丝绳研制

大吨位机械对钢丝绳承载能力、抗挤压性能、耐磨性能等要求越来越高。NK35(W)×K7类内层压实阻旋转钢丝绳要求公称直径36 mm,公称抗拉强度1 870 MPa,最小破断拉力1 052 k N。介绍了钢丝绳捻制工艺参数的确定。拉丝采用70#、82B热轧盘条,主要生产直径1.93,2.05,1.45,2.00 mm成品钢丝;捻股时钢丝绳各股采用模拉的压实方式。内层绳锻打后实测直径均值26.02 mm,捻距169.12 mm。钢丝绳辊间距一般为捻距的0.90~0.95倍,压弯量为钢丝绳直径的1.7~2.1倍。钢丝绳直径允差控制范围+1%~+4%,钢丝绳实测最小破断拉力1 129k N,满足客户使用要求。     

Boron accumulation and toxicity in hybrid poplar (Populus nigra × euramericana)

Poplars accumulate high B concentrations and are thus used for the phytomanagement of B contaminated soils. Here, we performed pot experiments in which Populus nigra × euramericana were grown on a substrate with B concentrations ranging from 13 to 280 mg kg(-1) as H(3)BO(3). Salix viminalis, Brassica juncea, and Lupinus albus were grown under some growing conditions for comparison. Poplar growth was unaffected at soil B treatment levels up to 93 mg kg(-1). Growth was progressively reduced at levels of 168 and 280 mg kg(-1). None of the other species survived at these substrate B levels. At leaf B concentrations <900 mg kg(-1) only <10% of the poplar leaf area showed signs of toxicity. Neutron radiography revealed that chlorotic leaf tissues had B concentrations of 1000-2000 mg kg(-1), while necrotic tissues had >2000 mg kg(-1). Average B concentrations of up to 3500 mg kg(-1) were found in leaves, while spots within leaves had concentrations >7000 mg kg(-1), showing that B accumulation in leaf tissue continued even after the onset of necrosis. The B accumulation ability of P. nigra × euramericana is associated with B hypertolerance in the living tissue and storage of B in dead leaf tissue.     

φ1000×2500伸性缸(电镀硬铬)试制成功

伸性缸是伸性纸袋纸机伸性装置的关键件。伸性缸的缸体与缸盖材料均采用特种高合金铸铁。因此对缸体、缸盖材料提出特殊要求,要承受较大气压,缸面不能有任意铸造缺陷,即使发现小的针孔也不容许打入销钉修补。铸造部门针对伸性缸技术要求高的特点,对材料的配方进行小样试验分析,对造型、泥芯、烘模、铁水熔炼、浇注温度、速度、冷却等每一道工序都制订了严格操作规程。     

Energy and protein requirements of crossbred (Holstein × Gyr) growing bulls

The objective of this study was to estimate the energy and protein requirements of crossbred (Holstein × Gyr) growing bulls. Twenty-four 10-mo-old bulls [initial body weight (BW) = 184 ± 23.4 kg] were used in a comparative slaughter trial. Six bulls were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment as the reference group, to estimate initial empty body weight (EBW) and energy and protein contents of the remaining animals. The remaining bulls were assigned to a completely randomized design with 3 levels of dry matter intake and 6 replicates. The levels of dry matter intake were 1.2% of BW, 1.8% of BW, and ad libitum to target orts equal to 5% of the total amount that was fed. The remaining bulls were slaughtered at the end of the experiment. The bulls were fed a diet consisting of 59.6% corn silage and 40.4% concentrate on a dry matter basis. The equation that determined the relationship between EBW and BW was EBW = (0.861 ± 0.0031) × BW. The relationship between empty body gain (EBG) and average daily gain (ADG) was demonstrated by the following equation: EBG = (0.934 ± 0.0111) × ADG. Net energy for maintenance (NE_M) was 74.8 ± 2.89 kcal/kg of EBW^0.75 per day, and metabolizable energy for maintenance (ME_M) was 120.8 kcal/kg of EBW^0.75 per day. The detected efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance (k_m) was 61.9%. The equation used to estimate net energy for gain (NE_G) was as follows: NE_G = (0.049 ± 0.0011) × EBW^0.75 × EBG^{0.729 ± 0.0532}. The efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for gain (k_g) was 35.7%. The metabolizable protein for maintenance (MP_M) was 3.05 g/kg of BW^0.75. The equation used to estimate net protein requirements for gain (NP_G) = (87.138 ± 65.1378 × EBG) + [(40.436 ± 21.3640) × NE_G]. The efficiency of use of metabolizable protein for gain (k) was 35.7%. We concluded that the estimates of energy and protein requirements presented herein are more appropriate than the National Research Council dairy cattle model and the Brazilian BR-CORTE system to balance the diets of crossbred (Holstein × Gyr) growing bulls.     

Volatile compounds of the Hallabong (Citrus kiyomi × Citrus ponkan) blossom

The objective of this study was to identify and compare the volatile compounds of liquid essential oils and volatiles of headspace-solid phase microextraction (HSSPME) of the hallabong blossom. SPME is a sampling technique based on sorption of analytes into a polymeric material that coats a silica fiber. Two different fiber coatings tested to evaluate the extraction efficiencies of volatiles. The hallabong blossom exhibited 5 major volatile compounds: linalool (28.89–43.24%), limonene (0.39–23.06%), β-myrcene (0.38–16.67%), sabinene (1.37–11.42%), and 4-terpineol (1.26–6.12%). The amounts of identified compounds in the hallabong blossom were more abundant in carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fiber than in PDMS fiber.     

18×7+FC(IWS,IWR)钢丝绳生产工艺改进

两层股钢丝绳的不旋转条件为内外层股刚度系数之和为零。指出18×7+FC(IWS,IWR)钢丝绳使用中常出现绳旋转,内外层绳分层,外层股塌陷及绳松散等问题,提出解决措施:(1)缩小股的捻距;(2)将内层绳变形率控制在20%以内;(3)麻芯直径按钢丝绳股径的1.7～1.8倍来控制,钢芯直径按钢丝绳股径的1.23～1.33倍来控制;(4)对截断股复股情况及时进行观察并及时调整外层股预变形工艺参数,辊距一般取钢丝绳捻距的0.80～0.85倍,同直径钢丝高强度的比低强度的压下量大6%～8%;(5)选取合理的后变形参数。改进效果明显。