Antibacterial Property of Cold Sprayed Chitosan-Cu/Al Coating

The antibacterial behavior of CS-Cu (chitosan-copper complex) powder and their composite coatings were investigated against Escherichia coli (DH5α). CS-Cu powder and Al (aluminum) based CS-Cu composite powders were synthesized using in-house powder processing techniques. The results indicated that the antibacterial effect of all the powders increased with the proportion of CS-Cu powder. These composite powders were subsequently used as feedstock to generate antibacterial coatings via cold spray technology. The ratios of CS-Cu to Al in their composite powders were 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 (wt.%). Microstructural characterization and phase analysis of feedstock powders and as-deposited coatings were carried out using FESEM/EDX and FTIR. Antibacterial composite CS-Cu/Al coatings were successfully deposited using cold spraying parameters of 6-8 bars at preheated helium gas, temperature between 140 and 150 °C. The coatings retained the antibacterial properties of the original feedstock powders.     

Effect of Zr on the Oxidation Properties of Fe3Al Intermetallic Compound

This review is concerned with the effect of the addition of zirconium as a third element on the heat-resisting properties of Fe3Al intermetallic compounds and explains their high-temperature oxidation mechanism. The Fe3Al and Fe3Al-0.05Zr specimens were isothermally oxidized in the temperature range of 1173～1473 K in synthetic air for 100 h. The formation of the alumina layer approximately obeyed the parabolic rate law, with the exception of short initial stage. The parabolic rate constant values for the Zr-doped Fe3Al decreased at all tested temperatures. Fe3Al revealed massive spallation, whereas Fe3Al-Zr produced a fiat, adherent oxide layer. The microstructure investigations of the alumina scales grown thermally on the Fe3Al-Zr alloy by means of SEM-EDS showed that they were 1.5～2 μm thick and consisted of a small inner columnar layer and an equiaxed outer grain layer. Additionally, very fine (50～150 um) oxide particles rich in Zr were found across the alumina scales. The addition of Zr significantly affected the oxidation behavior of Fe3Al by improving the adherence of the α-Al2O3 scale. TEM-SAD investigations of the alumina scales on samples prepared using the FIB (Focused Ion Beam) method confirmed the presence of small tetragonal zirconia grains near the scale/gas and alloy/scale interfaces, most of which were formed along alumina grain boundaries(gbs). Zr gb-segregation was found using HRTEM. The role of preferential formation of zirconium oxide along the alumina scale grain boundaries and the effect of Zr gb-segregation on oxidation and scale growth mechanisms were analyzed by means of two-stage oxidation experiments using 16O2/18O2. The SIMS oxygen isotope profiles for the Fe3Al-Zr alloy oxidized at 1373 K, after two-stage oxidation experiments, revealed that oxygen anion diffusion is predominant compared to that of aluminum cation diffusion.     

冷喷涂纯铝涂层耐腐蚀性能研究

目的研究冷喷涂纯铝涂层耐中性盐雾腐蚀性能,为冷喷涂技术在海洋大气防腐环境中的应用提供理论依据。方法采用冷喷涂技术在30Cr Mn Si A钢基体上制备纯铝涂层,利用金相组织分析、XRD衍射分析、电化学测试、中性盐雾试验等技术方法,考察冷喷涂涂层试样的耐腐蚀性能及其影响因素。结果冷喷涂涂层十分致密,随着喷涂温度和压力的不断提高,涂层的致密度不断增加,在喷涂温度为500℃、喷涂压力为1.2 MPa、喷涂距离为25 mm及工作气体为氮气的工艺条件下,纯Al涂层的孔隙率为0.5%,涂层中无氧化物存在,能够有效隔绝腐蚀介质和基体,为基体提供物理腐蚀防护。纯Al涂层的腐蚀速率为4.935×10?7 A/cm2,并作为阳极为基体提供电化学腐蚀防护,中性盐雾试验1440 h后无腐蚀。腐蚀形貌分析表明,在表面钝化膜防护及腐蚀产物的封闭作用下,冷喷涂纯铝涂层具有优异的耐腐蚀性能,虽然发生一定腐蚀,但腐蚀速率较小,表面质量良好,可以作为长效防腐涂层。结论冷喷涂纯铝涂层具有优异的耐腐蚀性能,可以为钢铁材料提供长效效防护。     

多孔Fe3Al金属间化合物的试验研究

通过粉末冶金添加挥发性造孔剂的方法制备多孔Fe3Al金属间化合物,分析了造孔剂的加入量和成形压力对开孔隙率以及渗透性的影响。通过图像分析与处理技术,利用Matlab语言设计了计算多孔Fe3Al金属间化合物信息维的应用程序,并以此为基础分析不同孔结构的信息维。     

退火热处理对低压冷喷涂Cu-Zn复合涂层性能的影响

以Cu-Zn混合粉末作为喷涂粉体,采用低压冷喷涂技术在1Cr13基体上制备Cu-Zn复合涂层,在不同退火温度下对复合涂层进行退火热处理,然后测试涂层的力学性能。利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪等对退火热处理前后复合涂层进行微观形貌观察和硬度测试。结果表明:铜锌复合涂层结构致密,涂层与基体结合紧密;铜锌复合涂层在200～300℃间退火时,涂层中金属颗粒间界面明显,涂层内部形成β(CuZn)、γ(Cu_5Zn_8)等金属间化合物。退火温度为200℃时,铜锌复合涂层的硬度(HV_(0.2))达到最高(1578 MPa),结合强度达到最低(7.5 MPa);铜锌复合涂层在350～450℃间退火时,涂层中金属颗粒间部分界面不明显;当退火温度为450℃时,铜锌复合涂层硬度达到最低(1024 MPa),结合强度达到最高(13.9 MPa)。     

Fe3Al金属间化合物激光熔覆层的组织结构

以纯Fe3Al粉为主要原料在钢基体表面激光熔覆Fe3Al金属间化合物。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射等法对熔覆合金层、合金层与钢基体的结合界面等进行了显微组织及相结构的分析。实验结果获得了致密、无肉眼可见气孔、夹杂物,但存在少量裂纹的合金层,合金层与基体间完全冶金结合;熔覆合金层主要由单相Fe3Al构成,覆层组织为粗大等轴状晶团,等轴状晶团由大量极细小的条状Fe3Al晶粒构成,一些相邻的条状晶粒之间具有基本一致的晶体学取向。     

冷喷涂制备纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层

利用机械合金化制备纳米结构FeAl固溶体合金粉末,采用冷喷涂沉积Fe(Al)固溶体合金涂层并结合后热处理原位反应制备了纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了机械合金化Fe(Al)固溶体合金粉末、喷涂态Fe(Al)合金及热处理后FeAl金属间化合物涂层的组织结构特征。结果表明,球磨Fe(Al)合金粉末具有精细的层状结构,喷涂态Fe(Al)合金涂层具有不同于传统热喷涂涂层的独特层状结构,保留了与原始粉末类似的纳米结构;在500℃热处理后涂层中Fe(Al)固溶体转变为FeAl金属间化合物,其晶粒尺寸约为30 nm。     

Formation of NiAl Intermetallic Compound by Cold Spraying of Ball-Milled Ni/Al Alloy Powder Through Postannealing Treatment

Ni/Al alloy powders were synthesized by ball milling of nickel-aluminum powder mixture with a Ni/Al atomic ratio of 1:1. Ni/Al alloy coating was deposited by cold spraying using N₂ as accelerating gas. NiAl intermetallic compound was evolved in situ through postspray annealing treatment of cold-sprayed Ni/Al alloy coating. The effect of annealing temperature on the phase transformation behavior from Ni/Al mechanical alloy to intermetallics was investigated. The microstructure of the mechanically alloying Ni/Al powder and NiAl coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that a dense Ni/Al alloy coating can be successfully deposited by cold spraying using the mechanically alloyed powder as feedstocks. The as-sprayed alloy coating exhibited a laminated microstructure retained from the mechanically alloying powder. The annealing of the subsequent Ni/Al alloy coating at a temperature higher than 850 °C leads to complete transformation from Ni/Al alloy to NiAl intermetallic compound.     

Fe/Al金属间化合物光束合金化涂层的组织分层现象

在45钢表面预涂纯Al粉,用光束合金化的方法合成了Fe／Al化合物涂层。使用SEM、EDS、X-ray衍射研究了涂层的组织特点及物相组成。研究结果表明,Fe／Al化合物涂层发生了组织分层现象,表层为FeAl Fe3AlC0.5层,第二层为Fe3Al Fe3AlC0.5层。发生组织分层现象是由合金化过程熔池中Al的含量由表层到底部逐渐减小所引起的。其原因可能与Al的密度较低和熔池搅拌不充分有关。     

Al／Ti／Al复合层原位生成金属间化合物连接陶瓷

用Al／Ti／Al复合层作连接材料，通过连接温度下原位生成金属间化合物真空连接Si3N4陶瓷。研究了Al与Ti的厚度匹配和工艺参数对接头显微组织及其强度的影响和接头的形成过程。结果表明：当原位生成的连接层金属组织为Al3Ti／Ti／Al3Ti时，由于纯金属间化合物Al3Ti脆性大，且其与剩余Ti片的结合强度低，陶瓷接头强度低；当连接层金属组织为大量Al3Ti颗粒加少量Al基固溶体时，连接层金属能获得良好的强化效果，与用纯Al连接的接头相比，接头室温和高温强度显著提高。Al与Ti的厚度匹配和连接参数适当时，接头室温和600℃剪切强度可分别达到89．4MPa和29．7MPa。     

高铝青铜磷光复合冷喷涂层的发光及摩擦磨损性能

目的将耐磨材料、涂层制备技术以及磷光粒子的指示功能结合,发展一种简便经济的涂层监测技术。方法采用冷喷涂技术在T3紫铜基体上制备高铝青铜涂层及高铝青铜磷光复合涂层,利用SEM、EDS及荧光分光光度计等观察冷喷涂层的形貌,分析发光粒子的分布及涂层发光性能,并在室温条件下采用CSM往复式摩擦磨损试验机对干摩擦条件下涂层的摩擦磨损特性进行测试和分析。结果磷光粒子均匀分布在复合涂层中。涂层有较好的发光性能,经紫外线激发后发出裸眼可识别的黄绿光。磷光粒子的添加提高了高铝青铜磷光复合涂层的硬度,涂层摩擦表面磨痕较浅,呈轻微磨粒磨损特征,而高铝青铜涂层摩擦表面发生严重塑性变形,有剥落块及磨屑粘附在磨痕表面,呈粘着、疲劳磨损特征。结论磷光粒子的添加提高了复合涂层的抗磨性。磨损后的磷光复合涂层经紫外灯照射后,无荧光现象发生,能够实现检测涂层存在与否的功能。     

高速电弧喷涂Fe3Al/WC复合涂层高温冲蚀行为研究

采用自行研制的新型热喷涂Fe3Al/WC复合合金粉芯丝材,成功地用高速电弧喷技术制备出了Fe3Al金属化合物基金属陶瓷复合涂层。对涂层成分、显微组织、涂层相结构和组成进行了分析,结果表明,涂层由以Fe-26Al为主的Fe3Al基体相与约20%的WC、W2C和 a-Al2O3相组成。对比研究了Fe3Al/WC涂层和电站锅炉钢20 g从室温至650 ℃氧化环境条件下不同攻角的高温冲蚀磨损性能,结果表明Fe3Al/WC涂层的高温冲蚀磨损抗力高于20 g钢,650 ℃和30°攻角下的稳态相对冲蚀磨损抗力为20 g钢的3.14倍。温度对Fe3Al/WC涂层的冲蚀行为有较大影响：温度 < 450℃,涂层的冲蚀率变化不大,表现出塑性材料的冲蚀行为;温度 >450 ℃,涂层冲蚀率变化较大,呈现典型的脆性材料冲蚀磨损行为。并对其高温冲蚀磨损机理进行了分析。     

Effects of Gas Pressure of Cold Spray on the Formation of Al-Based Intermetallic Compound

In this paper, postannealing of cold-sprayed (CDGS) coatings for intermetallic compounds (IMC) in the matrix at low temperature and dependences of types and dispersion characteristics of intermetallic compounds on spraying pressure condition were investigated. The pressure prior to entering the gas heater was fixed at 0.7, 1.5, and 2.5 MPa. The relatively soft Al has been coated at low gas pressure condition (0.7 MPa) with severe plastic deformation owing to large peening effect. On the contrary, the Al particles coated at the higher pressure (1.5, 2.5 MPa) were not severely deformed. It was concluded that the pressure-controlled peening effects could alter the main route of Al consumption during annealing: eutectic or compounding of intermetallics. The thin and continuous IMC layer was formed at the interface with low pressure condition (0.7 MPa). On the other hand, the thick and discontinuous IMC layer was observed at the higher pressure condition (1.5, 2.5 MPa). Also, many eutectic pores were found in the Al-Ni composite coatings with lower gas pressure condition (0.7 MPa), but far less were found with high pressure environment.     

Formation of Iron-aluminide Coating through Annealing of Shrouded Plasma-sprayed Iron/Aluminum Composite

The formation of iron aluminide coating was attempted through annealing of plasma-sprayed iron/aluminum composite deposit.Shrouded plasma spraying with nitrogen as protective gas was employed to prepare iron/aluminum composite coating using mechanically blended iron and aluminum powders with Fe/Al atomic ratio of 65:35.Annealing of the as-sprayed coating was carried out in argon atmosphere at 450,500,550,and 600 o C for different durations.The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The effect of annealing on the microstructure and phase evolution in the coatings was examined.The results show that iron/aluminum composite coating with low oxide inclusions and porosity is deposited by shrouded plasma spraying.It is found that Fe2Al5 intermetallics forms as an intermediate phase in the composite coating during annealing.As the annealing duration and temperature increase,iron aluminide intermetallic phases in the coatings increase and the microstructure becomes more homogeneous.After annealing at 600 o C for 336 h,FeAl and Fe3Al intermetallic phases will present in the coating as the main phases.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3/TiO2纳米陶瓷复合涂层的耐蚀性能研究

采用中性盐雾试验(NSST)研究了等离子喷涂Al2O3/TiO2纳米陶瓷复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,喷涂功率和TiO2含量对纳米陶瓷复合涂层的耐蚀性能均有显著的影响,且耐蚀性能随喷涂功率的升高而先升高后降低,但却随着TiO2含量的升高而升高。     

Fabrication of PyC/SiC Compound Coating on Carbon Fiber Preform and Its Effect on the Properties of Cf/Al Composite

为改善碳纤维与熔融铝合金间的润湿性、减小界面反应程度,采用化学气相沉积（CVD）法在碳纤维预制体表面沉积制备了PyC/SiC复合涂层,利用真空吸渗挤压浸渗工艺制备了Cf/Al复合材料。研究了沉积参数对碳纤维表面涂层的影响,并通过复合材料微观组织分析及材料机械性能测试来反映涂层对Cf/Al复合材料的浸渗质量和性能的影响规律。结果表明：沉积温度对涂层沉积速率影响较大,通过选择合适的沉积温度或者沉积时间,可在碳纤维表面得到厚度均匀的PyC/SiC复合涂层。碳纤维预制体表面涂层的存在可使其与基体合金润湿性良好、界面结合强度适中,形成合适的界面结合状态,有效提高浸渗质量和复合材料性能;并且当PyC涂层、SiC涂层厚度分别为0.068、0.257 μm时,复合材料性能改善效果最佳     

冷喷涂铁基非晶复合涂层的制备及摩擦性能研究

非晶合金拥有独特的短程有序、长程无序原子排列结构,具有高强度、高硬度及优异的耐腐蚀和耐磨损等性能,在防护涂层领域具有很强的应用潜力。以低温固态沉积为特点的冷喷涂层制备技术,可有效避免喷涂过程中非晶合金材料的氧化和晶化问题,但是冷喷涂技术严重依赖于粉末的塑性变形能力。为提高非晶合金颗粒在高速撞击下的沉积变形性能,本论文创新采用液氮-常温循环深冷处理工艺方法对Fe_87.4Cr_2.5Si_6.8B_2.4C_0.9非晶合金粉末进行预处理,通过调控冷喷涂工艺参数,成功在6061铝合金基体表面制备非晶涂层。同时研究了深冷处理工艺对非晶粉末沉积行为以及涂层微观组织的影响机理,通过摩擦磨损试验研究非晶合金涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：使用原始非晶粉末制备得到的涂层厚度仅为6μm,且非晶颗粒在基体表面不连续分布,只有粒径较小的非晶颗粒可发生有效的塑性变形,但是粉末沉积过程中晶化率较低;使用经过深冷预处理的非晶粉末制备的涂层平均厚度为67μm,且涂层内非晶合金颗粒分布均匀,粒径较大的非晶颗粒也可发生有效塑性变形,但是粉末沉积过程中晶化率较高。在摩擦磨损过程中6061铝合金基体的主要磨损机制为粘着磨损与疲劳磨损,非晶涂层的主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损,且使用原始非晶粉末和循环深冷处理粉末制备得到的非晶涂层的质量磨损量较低,分别为6061铝合金基体质量磨损量的15.7%、11.8%。     

高速电弧喷射沉积Fe3Al涂层研究

采用自行研制的电弧喷涂Ｆｅ３Ａｌ合金粉丝材料,成功地用高速电弧喷涂技术制备出Ｆｅ３Ａｌ化合物涂层运用能谱技术（ＥＤＸＡ）、Ｘ射线衍射仪（ＸＲＤ）、扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）和图像分析仪对涂层成分、显微组织、涂层相结构和组成进行了分析,结果表明,支由以Ｆｅ－２９Ａｌ为主的Ｆｅ３Ａｌ和少量Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基体相和约２０％的α－Ａ１２Ｏ３相组成。对比研究了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ涂层和电站锅炉水冷壁材料２０Ｇ的６５０℃氧化动     

Al2O3对等离子喷涂Cr2O3/TiO2/Al2O3/SiO2复合陶瓷涂层性能影响研究

目的研究Al_2O_3添加量对Cr_2O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3/SiO_2四元复合陶瓷涂层性能的影响。方法采用等离子喷涂技术在油气管道X80管线钢基体表面制备出具有不同Al_2O_3含量的四元复合陶瓷涂层。另外,为探究基体温度对涂层性能的影响,所有涂层均在等离子喷枪预热及室温的两种基体上制备。所制涂层的气孔率、硬度、结合力及电化学腐蚀性能分别采用煮沸称重法、维氏硬度计、划痕仪、电化学工作站进行检测,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析不同Al_2O_3含量涂层的物相组成和形貌特征,研究Al_2O_3含量对涂层各性能的影响。结果随着Al_2O_3含量的增加,Cr_2O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3/SiO_2四元复合陶瓷涂层的气孔率呈现先降低后增加的趋势,相对应的四元复合陶瓷涂层的结合力、维氏硬度则先增加后降低。当Al_2O_3质量分数为60%时,四元复合陶瓷涂层的性能最优,气孔率为3.6%,硬度为824.6HV,结合力为53.8N。电化学腐蚀测试表明,Al_2O_3能增强涂层的耐腐蚀性能,Al_2O_3质量分数为60%时,涂层自腐蚀电位最高,为-0.28 V。另外,在基体预热和不预热条件下,所制涂层性能随Al_2O_3含量的变化一致,但是基体预热比不预热更有利于涂层性能的提高。结论 Al_2O_3的添加不仅能够有效降低涂层Cr含量,还能显著提升四元复合陶瓷涂层的各项性能,特别是耐腐蚀性。此外,等离子喷涂前对基体进行预热,有利于涂层性能提高。     

热处理对冷喷涂Fe涂层组织与性能影响研究

冷喷涂作为一种新型的涂层技术,在制备大部分金属涂层、金属陶瓷复合涂层方面有着巨大的潜力。本文采用冷喷涂在Al基体上制备了Fe涂层,并结合喷涂后热处理研究了涂层组织与性能特点。结果表明,所得Fe涂层的内部组织比较致密;受到喷涂过程中空气的影响,喷涂射流呈现亮流,所制备涂层表面有较大、较深气孔。在较低温度下热处理后Fe涂层的显微组织变化不明显,显微硬度明显降低;Fe涂层与Al基体之间形成约10μm厚度的金属间化合物层。