室温应变速率及Al含量对FeAl合金拉伸性能的影响

研究了初始应变速率在１．３９×１０＾４￣６．９５×１０＾－１ｓ＾－１范围内Ｆｅ－４０Ａｌ的室温拉伸性能。结果发现，应变速率对ＦｅＡｌ合金室温下的断裂延伸率屈服强度和抗拉强度均有不同程度的影响，其中对断裂延伸率的影响最为显著。应变速率对ＦｅＡｌ合金力学性能的影响程度还与Ａｌ含量有关，Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ较Ｆｅ－４０Ａｌ合金受应变速率的影响更大，研究结果还表明，Ａｌ含量还影响着ＦｅＡｌ合金拉伸断口中穿晶     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料冲击拉伸力学性能的试验研究

对ＳｉＣ颗粒增强铝基复合材料在应变速率为１５０～１０００ｓ＾－１范围内的冲击拉伸力学性能进行了试验研究，得到了材料从弹塑变形直至断裂的完整的应力应变曲线，结果表明ＳｉＣ颗粒增强铝基复合材料是一种应变率敏感材料，随着应变速率的提高，材料的屈服应力，破坏应力以及破坏应变均为相应提高，断口分析表明，ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ的破坏形式的比较复杂，是一种颗粒的脆性破坏与铝合金基体的韧性破坏共存，强界面与弱界面共存的混     

STUDY FOR MECHANICAL ALLOYING OF Fe─M BY MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY

将Ｆｅ－Ｍ（Ｍ＝Ｃ５ＳｉＯ２Ａｌ２Ｏ３）混合物在Ａｒ中高能球磨５６ｇ后测量Ｍｏｓｂａｕｅｒ谱，结果表明，（Ｆｅ）２－（ＳｉＯ２）１仍为Ｆｅ和ＳｉＯ２的机械混合物：（Ｆｅ）６－（Ｃ）３已完全合金化，生成两种Ｆｅ３Ｃ；（Ｆｅ）２－（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）１则成为Ｆｅ（７３％），尖晶石型的ＦｅＡｌ２Ｏ４）２２％），ｑｑｎｔＦｅ的团聚族（５％）和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合物。     

形变对Fe—30Mn—6Si基合金形状记忆效应的影响及其机理研究

本文用膨胀法比较了Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ合金在拉伸应变下纵向（沿拉伸方向）和横向（垂直拉伸方向）恢复率的不同；研究了预应变对纵向恢复量，恢复率以及Ａｓ，Ａｆ的影响；还用一个大应变量下的样品在Ａｓ和Ａｆ范围内的不同区间进行了加热和冷却循环试验，得到了一些很有意义的信息。用正电子湮灭方法研究了Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ，Ｆ３－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－５Ｃｒ合金时效和非时效样品位伸预应变量对合金中的缺陷量，缺陷密     

钛对FeAl金属间化合物高温氧化行为的影响

探究了钛元素对ＦｅＡｌ金属间合理化物在１０００℃和１１００℃大气环境下的循环氧化行为的影响。合金的氧化动力学过程通过增重法测定，氧化产物通过Ｘ射线衍射、能谱和扫描电镜等鉴定。实验结果表明，加钛和未加钛Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ合金的氧化动力学曲线均可拟合为抛物线；（△Ｗ／Ｓ）＾２＝Ｋｐｔ＋Ｃ。加钛ＦｅＡｌ合金在１０００℃和１１００℃时的Ｋｐ值分别为２．４，３．３ｍｇ＾２ｃｍ＾－４ｈ＾－１。而未加钛Ｆｅａｌ     

TiAl（FL）冲击拉伸力学性能的试验研究

对全片层状组织的ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物进行了三个应变率（１００ｌ／ｓ，３００ｌ／ｓ，８００ｌ／ｓ）的冲击拉伸试验研究，得到了材料在不同应变率下的完整的应力应变曲线。结果表明在不同应变率下，ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物均为脆性破坏，但随着应变率的增加，材料的破坏 力和失稳应变也随之增大，具有应变率强化和动态韧性的变形特征，ＳＥＭ分析表明材料的破坏主要以穿晶破坏为主，并且随着层片位向的不同，断口的形貌也有很大差     

掺杂聚苯胺磁化率的研究

分别研究了浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４掺杂本征态聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）、ＨＣｌ掺杂ＰＡｎ以及ＦｅＣｌ３掺杂这两种聚安在地的磁化率。通过研究磁化率的变化曲线,我们得到了一些有意义的结果：浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４掺杂ＰＡａ和ＨＣｌ掺杂ＰＡｎ的磁化率变化规律不同;ＦｅＣｌ３掺杂浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４－ＰＡｎ材料可以获得比ＦｅＣｌ３掺杂ＨＣｌ－ＰＡｎ材料更高的磁化率;ＦｅＣｌ３在掺杂ＨＣｌ－ＰＡｎ材料和浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４－ＰＡｎ材料时,ＦｅＣｌ３在这两种     

形变对Fe－30Mn－6Si基合金形状记忆效应的影响及其机理研究

本文用膨胀法比较了Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ合金在拉伸应变下纵向（沿拉伸方向）和横向（垂直拉伸方向）恢复率的不同；研究了预应变对纵向恢复量，恢复率以及Ａ_ｓ，Ａ_ｆ的影响；还用一个大应变量下的样品在Ａ_ｓ和Ａ_ｆ范围内的不同温度区间进行了加热和冷却循环试验，得到了一些很有意义的信息。用正电子湮灭方法研究了Ｆｅ－３０ＭＤ－６Ｓｉ，Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－５Ｃｒ合金时效和非时效样品拉伸预应变量对合金中缺陷量，缺陷密度，γ→ε相变量等的影响。     

应变率及CCVC界面层对CALL材料拉伸性能的影响

用自行研制的旋转盘式杆杆型冲击拉伸装置实施了ＣＦＲＰ／Ａｌ超混杂复合材料（ＣＡＬＬ）以及带有ＣＣＶＣ界面层的ＣＡＬＬ冲击拉伸加载及加卸载试验；用岛津试验机测定了它们的准静态拉伸及层间剪切性能材料在准静态拉伸时，应力－应变曲线无明显的屈服点，呈脆性断裂；而冲击拉伸时，应力－应变曲线有明显屈服点，呈脆－韧性断裂，动态失稳应变是准静态的３—４倍无论是准静态拉伸还是冲击拉伸，ＣＡＬＬ均存在明显的正混杂效应；ＣＡＬＬ（ＣＣＶＣ）层间剪切强度比ＣＡＬＬ约高１０％；在同一应变率下，ＣＡＬＬ（ＣＣＶ）的拉伸强度及失稳应变均比ＣＡＬＬ高．文中详细讨论以上试验现象，得出一些有意义的结论     

低密阻尼金属/金属复合体材料的组织与性能研究

采用快速凝固／粉末冶金法成功地研制出Ａｌ－７．０９％Ｆｅ－１．３４％Ｍｏ－１．４５％Ｓｉ（ＦＭＳ０７１４）合金及其金属／金属复合体材料ＦＭＳ０７１４／１５％Ａｌ和ＦＭＳ０７１４／１０％（Ｚｎ－３０％Ａｌ）,考察了其组织、拉伸性能、阻尼性能和密度,产散锻铝ＬＤ７ＣＳ合金进行了对比。结果表明：ＦＭＳ０７１４合金本身就具有较好的拉伸与阻尼性能。添加纯Ａｌ和Ｚｎ－３０％Ａｌ合金粉均使其强度下降,而 ＦＭＷ     

Environmental Embrittlement in A_3B-type Intermetallic Alloys

Environmental embrittlement in A3B-type intermetallics based on Ni3Al and Fe3Al has been studied in this paper. For the Ni3Al doped with 120 wt ppm B and Ni,(Al,Cr.Zr) doped with 80 wt ppm B,their elongation and ultimate tensile strength decreased in the sequence:of vacuum > air >hydrogen. while for Ni,(Al,Mn) doped with 400 wt ppm B no envifonmental degradation was ob served, although a -Ni3(Al,Mn) alloy without B showed a decrease in ductility when tested in air in stead of oxygen. It is supposed that boron and hydrogen compete for the occupation of interstitial sites near grain boundaries. If boron content is sufficiently low, hydrogen embrittlement occurs ;however, if its content is sufficiently high. boron addition is capable of eliminating envjronmental ef fect in Ni3Al-based alloysi As to the micromechanism of hydrogen embrittlement in Ni3Al+B. S EM in situ observations showed that both grain boundary decohesion and a high stress concentration con tributed to hydrogen-assisted jntergranu lar cracking in this alloy. For the Fe3Al and Fe3 (Al.Cr) alloys.their mechanical properties depended strongly on grain size / grain shape and testing environment. A strain rate effect on ductiIity and fracture strength was also observed in the Fe3Al and Fe,(Al,Cr)+B aIloys. Preoxidation increased the ductility of the Fe,(Al,Cr)+B alloy. All these results can be rationalized from a hypothesis that surface reaction is the controlling process in embrittling Fe3Al-based alloys.     

Effect of strain rate on behaviour of Fe3Al under tensile impact

The effect of strain rate on the behaviour of Fe₃Al has been investigated experimentally in the range 90–1300 s_-1 under tensile impact. The experimental results indicate that Fe₃Al is strain-rate sensitive and its critical strain in maximum stress increases with increasing strain rate. According to the test results for Fe₃Al in air and water, it is confirmed that environmental embrittlement induced the fracture of Fe₃Al under tensile impact. With testing at faster strain rate, further hydrogen embrittlement is suppressed. This is consistent with the micrography of the fracture surface in Fe₃Al specimens, which indicates that these iron aluminides are intrinsically quite ductile. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quasistatic and Dynamic Tensile Behavior of Zr52.5Al10Ni10CU15Be12.5 Bulk Metallic Glass

Quasistatic and dynamic tensile behavior of Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5 bulk amorphous alloy was investigated at the strain rates of 10^-4--10^3s^-1 by using a Shimadzu AG-100KNA autograph and a pneumatic tensile impact tester. It was shown that the tensile fracture strength and the fracture morphology were sensitive to the strain rate. With the increase of the strain rate,the tensile fracture strength decreased and the fracture morphology changed from cleavage into quasi-cleavage, and then into a mixture of microvoid-coalescence dimples and quasi-cleavage veins.     

连续石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料准静态拉伸损伤演化与断裂力学行为

针对连续石墨纤维增强铝基(CF/Al)复合材料,采用三种纤维排布方式的代表体积单元(RVE)建立了其细观力学有限元模型,采用准静态拉伸试验与数值模拟结合的方法,研究了其在轴向拉伸载荷下的渐进损伤与断裂力学行为。结果表明,采用基体合金和纤维原位力学性能建立的细观力学有限元模型,对轴向拉伸弹性模量和极限强度的计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,而断裂应变计算值较实验结果偏低。轴向拉伸变形中首先出现界面和基体合金损伤现象,随应变增加界面发生失效并诱发基体合金的局部失效,最后复合材料因纤维发生失效而破坏,从而出现界面脱粘后纤维拔出与基体合金撕裂共存的微观形貌。细观力学有限元分析结果表明,在复合材料制备后纤维性能衰减而强度较低条件下,改变界面强度和刚度对复合材料轴向拉伸弹塑性力学行为的影响较小,复合材料中纤维强度水平是决定该复合材料轴向拉伸力学性能的主要因素。     

Effects of alloy 718 microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility for oil and gas environments

The effects of alloy 718 microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility and tensile fracture mode were assessed through slow strain rate tensile testing and fracture surface analysis. Alloy 718 was annealed and aged to produce microstructures with variations in grain size and amount of grain boundary precipitates. Furthermore, the different ageing conditions likely resulted in differences in volume fractions and sizes of γ′ and γ′′ precipitates. The extent of grain boundary precipitation had the strongest effect on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility, while grain size did not have any significant effect. Hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility was also correlated with differences in strength level, which was primarily controlled by the γ′ and γ′′ precipitate populations.     

Effect of strain rate and environment on the mechanical properties of the Ni–19Si–3Nb–0.15B–0.1C intermetallic alloy at high temperatures

The effect of strain rate and environment on the mechanical behavior at different temperatures of the Ni–19Si–3Nb–0.15B–0.1C alloy is investigated by atmosphere-controlled tensile testing under various conditions at different strain rates and different temperatures). The results reveal that the Ni–19Si–3Nb–0.15B–0.1C alloy exhibits ductile mechanical behavior (UTS ∼ 1250 MPa, ε ~ 14%) at temperatures below 873 K under different atmosphere conditions. However, the alloy without boron and carbon addition shows ductile mechanical behavior only when the sample is tested in vacuum. This indicates that the microalloying of boron and carbon does overcome the environmental embrittlement from water vapor at test temperatures below 873 K for the Ni–19Si–3Nb base alloy. However, the boron and carbon doped alloy still suffers from embrittlement associated with oxygen at a medium high temperature (i.e. 973 K). In parallel, both of the ultimate tensile strength and elongation exhibit quite insensitive response with respect to the loading strain rate when tests are held at temperatures below 873 K. However, the ultimate tensile strength exhibits high dependence on the strain rate in air at temperatures above 873 K, decreasing the ultimate tensile strength with decreasing strain rate.     

黄麻纤维束力学性能的尺寸和应变率效应

为了探究黄麻纤维束的尺寸效应和应变率敏感性,利用C43电子式万能试验机和CEAST 9340落锤试验冲击系统分别在静动载条件下对黄麻纤维束进行测试,获得了杨氏模量、强度、峰值应变和韧性随标距和应变率的变化关系静载试验在1/600s-1应变率条件下进行,测试了6组不同标距(25、50、100、150、200和300mm)的试件;动载试验以应变率为变量,在4组不同的应变率(40、80、120和160s-1)条件下进行了测试,试件标距均为25mm。测试结果表明:随着试件标距增大,杨氏模量初始增大,当标距大于100mm时趋于稳定;强度、峰值应变和韧性均减小。随着应变率增大,杨氏模量和强度均增大;峰值应变初始减小后趋于稳定;韧性先减小后增大。鉴于植物纤维束材料较大的性能离散性,采用Weibull分布对试验数据进行拟合,获得了黄麻纤维束强度在不同试验条件(标距和应变率)下的分布规律。     

超高性能混凝土动态冲击拉伸性能研究

超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)作为一种具有超高物理力学性能的新型建筑材料,能显著提高军事防护工程的抗爆炸冲击能力,对保障防护工程中人员的生命安全具有重要意义。为揭示爆炸冲击波在防护工程自由面引起的动态拉伸破坏行为,利用霍普金森压杆装置(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)对UHPC进行动态冲击拉伸试验,系统研究了粗集料种类、钢纤维掺量以及应变率对UHPC动态冲击拉伸性能的影响规律。结果表明:粗集料种类对UHPC的动态冲击拉伸强度有较显著的影响,相比于花岗岩和铁矿石,玄武岩粗集料对动态冲击拉伸性能的提高更为明显;UHPC的动态冲击拉伸强度会随着钢纤维掺量的增加而显著提高,但钢纤维掺量对UHPC动态拉伸强度的贡献存在4%的临界值;此外,UHPC表现出明显的应变率效应,当应变率为7~50s-1时,其效应最为显著。     

不同应变率下MgAlZnY合金的拉伸性能与断口研究

利用材料试验机开展了室温拉伸实验,在0.001,0.1,0.6s-1不同应变率下,研究了Mg3Al1Zn2Y,Mg3Al2Zn2Y与Mg3Al6Zn2Y合金流动应力的应变率敏感性,其大小为Mg3Al2Zn2YMg3Al1Zn2YMg3Al6Zn2Y。基于分形理论和计算机图像处理技术,结合扫描电镜分析,研究了合金断裂特征,结果表明:合金在不同应变率拉伸下的断口分形行为显著,分形维数可将断口的韧脆性与形貌特征联系起来,分形维数越大,合金塑性相对越好,合金越倾向于延性断裂,断口形貌也越复杂;三种合金断裂特性的应变率敏感性大小为Mg3Al2Zn2YMg3Al6Zn2YMg3Al1Zn2Y,且表现出正负不同的应变率效应。     

Atom probe tomographic observation of hydrogen trapping at carbides/ferrite interfaces for a high strength steel

A three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) technique has been used to characterize the hydrogen distribution on carbides for a high strength AISI 4140 steel. Direct evidence of H atoms trapped at the carbide/ferrite interfaces has been revealed by 3DAP mapping. Hydrogen is mainly trapped on carbide/ferrite interfaces along the grain boundaries. Slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) testing shows that the AISI 4140 steel is highly sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement. The corresponding fractographic morphologies of hydrogen charged specimen exhibit brittle fracture feature. Combined with these results, it is proposed that the hydrogen trapping sites present in the grain boundaries are responsible for the hydrogen-induced intergranular fracture of AISI 4140. The direct observation of hydrogen distribution contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement.