我国农村能源结构发展战略的思考

<正> 我国经济建设的战略目标是:本世纪末实现小康水平,21世纪中叶,基本实现现代化,人均国民生产总值达到中等发达国家的水平,人民过上比较富裕的生活。基于这一战略目标,未来我国人口结构,产业结构将会发生巨大的变化。据有关专家推测,我国的农村人口比例将由现在的75％演变到2050年的30％左右,产业结构中,农业所占的份额将由现在的1/3演变到2050年的1/12左右。这些变化的数字虽然是专家根据国外历史经验与我国的现状预测出来的,但是农村劳动力向城市转移是世     

吉林省能源发展战略研究

吉林省的能源问题已成为制约经济发展的瓶颈。省政府主要领导要求从战略上作出安排。九十年代初省科委将“吉林省能源发展战略研究”列入重大软科学研究课题。本文就是这一课题研究报告的总论。文中剖析了吉林省能源问题的的现象与本质。提出并认证了“吉林省能源发展战略”和实施这一战略的主要措施。     

我国西南地区车用替代能源发展战略的思考

评述了车用替代燃料现状,根据我国西南地区的能源分布特点,压缩天然气（CNG）,煤制甲烷和生物质注化燃料显然更适合本地区车用替代燃料,它们具有资源丰富,供给稳定,空气污染少等优点,可以充分利用本地的能源资源,在发展车用替代燃料时,政府应发挥应有作用。     

Integrated energy strategy for the sustainable development of China

We propose in this paper an integrated energy strategy based on a systems approach to address the energy challenges and energy dilemma in China. First, we give a review of existing approaches to energy planning and strategic management, followed by a discussion on the major relationships among energy, economical, environmental and societal systems. Next, we present a conceptual system model with alternative solutions and clarify corresponding concepts. Based on the results, we propose, summarize, and present strategic ideas as policy implications for China’s decision makers. In conclusion, we determine that China should enhance strategic planning and regulation from a life cycle viewpoint of the whole society, prioritize energy saving, continuously improve incumbent energy, and rationally develop alternative energy.     

The energy situation and its sustainable development strategy in China

The paper briefly summarizes China’s energy situation and sustainable development strategy as they were by 2009. The energy consumption in 2009 is reported to be 3.1 billion tons standard coal equivalent, 1/7 of the world total, 6.3% higher than in the year 2008, and its share of world CO₂ emissions increased rapidly to 20.3% in 2006. These trends are most likely to continue with China’s plan to accomplish its social and economy development goals. To address these problems and also respond to increasing world pressure for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the Chinese government plans and has legislated promotion of energy conservation, efficiency, renewable energy technologies and use, and reduction of energy-related environmental impacts to reduce energy intensity by 20% during the 2006-2010 period, and to reduce the CO₂ emission/GDP ratio by 40-45% by 2020 relative to 2005. China is facing severe energy-related challenges that conflict resources shortages with the planned rapid economic development, energy use with the related environmental pollution, and new technology with the old production/consumption patterns. It is recognized that energy development must, however, follow a sustainable path to coordinate economy growth, social development, and environmental protection.     

Transition strategy of the transportation energy and powertrain in China

The problems of the transportation energy and environment are the major challenges faced globally in the 21st century and are especially serious for China. The future 20 years is the strategic opportunity period of the transition of the transportation energy and powertrain system for China. The greatest characteristics of hydrogen economy lie in its diversity of the primary energy source, the unification of energy carrier and the greening of energy transformation. Development of hydrogen energy transportation powertrain system is suitable for China from the views of the situation of Chinese resources and energy sources, the urban and rural layouts, the superiority of later development and the successful practices of clean cars and electric vehicle development projects. The transition of the transportation energy powertrain system includes three parts: the transition of the energy structure, the transition of the powertrain system and the transition of the fuel infrastructure. The technical pathways of energy powertrain system transition includes expending the use of gaseous fuel to prompt the multiform of the transportation energy and to prepare for the transition of the infrastructure simultaneously, developing and promoting the hybrid technology to solve the current energy and environment problems and to prepare for the transition of powertrain system, and focusing on the research and development and demonstration of fuel cell vehicles and the hydrogen energy technology to prompt the earlier formation of the market of fuel cell vehicles. The goal in the near and medium term of transition is to reduce the fuel consumption by 100 million ton in 2020 by substituting and saving, and the long-term goal is to setup the infrastructure of hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle as the main one replacing the petroleum internal combustion engine vehicle. In order to realize the strategic goals of the transition, the four-phases strategic periods and research and development activities are discussed and proposed.     

对我国能源现状及未来发展的几点思考

分析了我国目前能源的总体状况，同时从煤炭、石油和天然气等常规能源着眼。就21世纪我国能源将面临的主要问题进行了论述。并提出了应对的策略。     

China's energy development strategy under the low-carbon economy

The long-term goal of 50% mitigation of the green house gas till 2050 was determined by the participants of G8 summit in July 2008. As long as this goal was set, the emission from China economy and energy industry development has to be reduced significantly. In order to cope with the climate change and to promote China's economic growth and the energy security, low-carbon economy should be adopted. Clean energy, including the new energy and the renewable energy, should be developed and deployed; related laws, statutes, the management institutions and mechanisms should be established; and public awareness of energy saving and green house gas (GHG) mitigation has to be enhanced.     

解析中国的核能战略

分析了我国发展核电三步走的战略（第一步压水堆核电站,第二步快中子增殖堆电站和第三步核聚变堆电站）及发展核电所需要的铀资源储备（重视国内外的铀资源利用）,进而对核燃料循环中的乏燃料后处理及乏燃料处置分离和嬗变技术（加速器驱动的次临界系统ADS）进行了讨论。     

张北新能源发展现状及对策分析

河北省张北县拥有较丰富的风能资源、太阳能资源和生物质能资源,是我国较早开发风力发电的地区(始于1996年)。本文介绍张北新能源储有情况和利用现状,寻求适合张北的新能源发展特色之路。     

我国石油资源和能源可持续发展战略问题探析

针对“一旦石油用完,人类的社会经济活动将如何延续”的问题,结合我国具体国情,提出相应的短期和中长期战略措施,详细分析了我国在天然气水合物、太阳能、核聚变能、月球资源等石油替代能源开发上的进展情况和应用推广前景,在此基础上提出加大力度研发石油的替代能源,争取在地球石油用尽前让新的替代能源尤其是太阳能和核聚变的应用“商业化,”这样我国能源的可持续发展难题方有可能得到根本的解决。     

西藏薪柴能源替代战略与总体规划的探讨

通过对西藏薪柴能源消耗中存在问题的分析,提出了薪柴替代能源的主要方式,及这些替代能源在生态、经济、社会上的效益,对比替代能源具有的优势,指出实施西藏薪柴能源替代战略势在必行。最后依据全面规划、因地制宜的原则,对西藏薪柴替代能源在总体上的部署规划作一些探讨。     

清洁能源发展与中国的能源战略——“首届中美清洁能源务实合作论坛”综述

该文是2009年10月在北京召开的"首届中美清洁能源务实合作论坛"的综述。文章提出中美两国清洁能源合作的基本框架,对两国未来在此领域的合作前景进行了展望,分析了一些地区在此方面的成功经验,对中国清洁能源战略布局提出了相关建议。