高纯度甲基磺酰胺的合成

甲基磺酰胺是合成高效除草剂虎威的重要原料，也是药物及其他精细化工产品的重要中间体。关于它的合成国外文献有大量的报道，主要是以甲基磺酰氯通氨的办法生产甲基磺酰胺。文献选择了不同的溶剂进行反应，如用苯［１～４］、甲苯［５］、四氢呋喃、Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺...     

3—甲磺酰胺基—N,N—二乙基苯胺合成工艺研究

以间苯二胺为原料,经单甲磺酰化,烷基化等反应合成了３－甲基磺酰胺基－Ｎ,Ｎ－二乙基苯胺,并对其反应条件进行了研究,总收率达８５％左右。     

新型玉米田除草剂甲基磺草酮的合成研究

以2-硝基-4-甲磺酰基一笨甲酰氯和1，3-环己二酮为原料，首先碱性条件下合成烯醇酯，然后再经催化重排制得甲基磺酮，讨论了反应条件对产品收率的影响并得到了适宜的工艺条件。结果表明，在以二氯甲烷为溶剂，三乙胺为缚酸剂，重排温度为50℃时，所得甲基磺草酮产品含量≥95．0％，收率≥70．0％。     

1-磺甲基四氮唑-5-硫醇双钠盐的合成

研究了头孢尼西的侧链１－磺甲基四氮唑－５－硫醇双钠盐的合成。以亚硫酸氢钠、甲醛、氨水为原料，经五步反应可制备１－磺甲基四氮唑－５－硫醇双钠盐，五步反应总收率为１０．８％ 。在原文献的基础上，作了一些改进，最主要的是第三步的烷基化试剂由溴乙烷替代碘甲烷，降低了工业成本，使本工艺易于工业化。     

4—硝基甲苯—2—磺酰氯的合成工艺改进

以对硝基甲苯为原料，以四氯化碳为溶剂，经氯化合成了4－硝基甲苯－2－磺酰氯。在反应后期加入氯化铵，用正交实验确定了最佳原料配比：n(对硝基甲苯）：n（氯磺酸）：n(氯化铵）＝1．00：3．50：0．04。改进后，产品的收率在85％以上，溶剂回收率在95％以上。本工艺原料利用率高，废弃物排放量小。     

4-甲基苯磺酰肼的合成

以4-甲基苯磺酰氯和水合肼为原料,甲苯为溶剂合成了对甲基苯磺酰肼。得出的最佳合成条件为：n（4-甲基苯磺酰氯）：n（水合肼）=1：1．2,室温反应20min,产品收率为92．0％。     

对甲苯磺酰氨基脲的合成工艺研究

以甲苯、氯磺酸、水合肼、氰酸盐等为原料 ,通过三步反应合成聚丙烯用高效发泡剂对甲苯磺酰氨基脲。研究表明 ,加入一定量的铵盐可提高制备对甲基苯磺酰氯中间体的反应温度 ,从而使其收率增加 ;用四氢呋喃做溶剂比用苯做溶剂可以得到较高产率的对甲基苯磺酰肼中间体 ;反应温度对终产物的收率影响较大。     

除草剂噻磺隆的合成

报道了以氯甲酸甲酯和2-羧甲基-3-磺酰氨基噻吩为起始原料合成除草剂噻磺隆的方法。原料2-羧甲基-3-磺酰氨基噻吩与氯甲酸甲酯生成2-甲氧羰基-3-磺酰胺基甲酸甲酯噻吩，再与2-氨基-4-甲氧基-6-甲基均三嗪反应生成噻磺隆。避免了异氰酸酯路线的种种缺点。具有收率高，含量高、成本低的特点。以2-羧甲基-3-磺酰氨基噻吩计，总收率为77.73％，原药纯度达到93.6％。     

(S)和(R)-3-甲基辛酸甲酯的合成新方法

以天然樟脑衍生物莰烷－10,2－磺内酰胺为原料,在有或无Cul催化条件下,以巴豆酰基茨烷－10,2－磺内酰胺的不对称Michael加成反应为关键步骤,进行了合成,其加成产物（3′S）和（3′R）-N-3′-甲基辛酰基莰烷－10,2－磺内酰胺经LiOH-H2O2水解及甲醇酯化反应却可合成目标产物（S）和（R）－3－甲基辛酸甲酯,全合成总产率53％,目标产物对映异构体纯度可达96％ee。     

4,4′—二氨基苯磺酰苯胺的合成研究

以乙酰苯胺为原料，经氯磺化制备对乙酰氨基苯磺酰氯，然后对硝基苯胺酰胺化，并经水解、还原反应制备４，４′－二氨基苯磺酰苯胺。结果表明，酰胺化产物在浓盐酸及无水乙醇为溶剂时，回流反应７小时，可得中间产品４－氨基－４′－硝基基磺酰苯胺收率８４．３％，该产品进一步铁粉还原可得最终产品收率７１％，含量９８．５％。此外，还初步探讨了氢气还原方法。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。