Inverse system design for LPV systems using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

This paper addresses the design problem of gain-scheduled inverse systems (GSISs) for linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems, whose state-space matrices are represented as parametrically affine matrices, using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions (PDLFs), and proposes a method for them via parametrically affine linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Our method includes robust inverse system (RIS) design as a special case. For RIS design, our method theoretically encompasses the method using constant Lyapunov functions. A design example is included to illustrate our conclusions.     

On the degree of polynomial parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions for robust stability of single parameter-dependent LTI systems: A counter-example to Barmish's conjecture

In this paper, we consider the robust Hurwitz stability analysis problems of a single parameter-dependent matrix A(θ)?A₀+θA₁ over θ∈[-1,1], where A₀,A₁∈R^n×n with A₀ being Hurwitz stable. In particular, we are interested in the degree N of the polynomial parameter-dependent Lyapunov matrix (PPDLM) of the form that ensures the robust Hurwitz stability of A(θ) via . On the degree of PPDLMs, Barmish conjectured in early 90s that if there exists such P(θ), then there always exists a first-degree PPDLM P(θ)=P₀+θP₁ that meets the desired conditions, regardless of the size or rank of A₀ and A₁. The goal of this paper is to falsify this conjecture. More precisely, we will show a pair of the matrices A₀,A₁∈R^3×3 with A₀+θA₁ being Hurwitz stable for all θ∈[-1,1] and prove rigorously that the desired first-degree PPDLM does not exist for this particular pair. The proof is based on the recently developed techniques to deal with parametrized LMIs in an exact fashion and related duality arguments. From this counter-example, we can conclude that the conjecture posed by Barmish is not valid when n?3 in general.     

LMI conditions for robust stability analysis based on polynomially parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

The robust stability of uncertain linear systems in polytopic domains is investigated in this paper. The main contribution is to provide a systematic procedure for generating sufficient robust stability linear matrix inequality conditions based on homogeneous polynomially parameter-dependent Lyapunov matrix functions of arbitrary degree on the uncertain parameters. The conditions exploit the positivity of the uncertain parameters, being constructed in such a way that: as the degree of the polynomial increases, the number of linear matrix inequalities and free variables increases and the test becomes less conservative; if a feasible solution exists for a certain degree, the conditions will also be verified for larger degrees. For any given degree, the feasibility of a set of linear matrix inequalities defined at the vertices of the polytope assures the robust stability. Both continuous and discrete-time uncertain systems are addressed, as illustrated by numerical examples.     

Output feedback control of switched nonlinear systems using multiple Lyapunov functions

This work presents a hybrid nonlinear control methodology for a broad class of switched nonlinear systems with input constraints. The key feature of the proposed methodology is the integrated synthesis, via multiple Lyapunov functions, of “lower-level” bounded nonlinear feedback controllers together with “upper-level” switching laws that orchestrate the transitions between the constituent modes and their respective controllers. Both the state and output feedback control problems are addressed. Under the assumption of availability of full state measurements, a family of bounded nonlinear state feedback controllers are initially designed to enforce asymptotic stability for the individual closed-loop modes and provide an explicit characterization of the corresponding stability region for each mode. A set of switching laws are then designed to track the evolution of the state and orchestrate switching between the stability regions of the constituent modes in a way that guarantees asymptotic stability of the overall switched closed-loop system. When complete state measurements are unavailable, a family of output feedback controllers are synthesized, using a combination of bounded state feedback controllers, high-gain observers and appropriate saturation filters to enforce asymptotic stability for the individual closed-loop modes and provide an explicit characterization of the corresponding output feedback stability regions in terms of the input constraints and the observer gain. A different set of switching rules, based on the evolution of the state estimates generated by the observers, is designed to orchestrate stabilizing transitions between the output feedback stability regions of the constituent modes. The differences between the state and output feedback switching strategies, and their implications for the switching logic, are discussed and a chemical process example is used to demonstrate the proposed approach.     

Filter design for LPV systems using quadratically parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

This paper considers design problems of robust gain-scheduled H_∞ and H₂ filters for linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems whose state-space matrices are represented as parametrically affine matrices, using quadratically parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions, and proposes methods of filter design via parametrically affine linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). For robust filters, our design methods theoretically encompass those that use constant Lyapunov functions. Several numerical examples are included that demonstrate the effectiveness of gain-scheduled and robust filters using our proposed methods compared with robust filters using existing methods.     

Stability of a Hysteretic System with Random Signal Inputs†

The stability of a feedback system with a hysteretie relay controller, when forced by a Gaussian signal, is analysed by applying the quasi-linearization approach.A method for computing the sinusoidal and random signal gains of a non-linear element, based on the evaluation of the input—output cross power of the clement, is first explained. Knowledge of these two gains for an ideal relay is then used to find the corresponding gains for a hysteretic relay. These gains are finally used for analysing the effects of both high-frequency and low-frequency random signals on the auto-oscillations of a second-order system with the hysteretic relay. Results of simulator studies are also presented.     

Set invariance analysis and gain-scheduling control for LPV systems subject to actuator saturation

In this paper, a set invariance analysis and gain scheduling control design approach is proposed for the polytopic linear parameter-varying systems subject to actuator saturation. A set invariance condition is first established. By utilizing this set invariance condition, the design of a time-invariant state feedback law is formulated and solved as an optimization problem with LMI constraints. A gain-scheduling controller is then designed to further improve the closed-loop performance. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed analysis and design method.     

Gain-scheduled H∞ control via parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

Synthesising a gain-scheduled output feedback H_∞ controller via parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions for linear parameter-varying (LPV) plant models involves solving an infinite number of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In practice, for affine LPV models, a finite number of LMIs can be achieved using convexifying techniques. This paper proposes an alternative approach to achieve a finite number of LMIs. By simple manipulations on the bounded real lemma inequality, a symmetric matrix polytope inequality can be formed. Hence, the LMIs need only to be evaluated at all vertices of such a symmetric matrix polytope. In addition, a construction technique of the intermediate controller variables is also proposed as an affine matrix-valued function in the polytopic coordinates of the scheduled parameters. Computational results on a numerical example using the approach were compared with those from a multi-convexity approach in order to demonstrate the impacts of the approach on parameter-dependent Lyapunov-based stability and performance analysis. Furthermore, numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of these proposed techniques.     

Gain-scheduling control of LFT systems using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

In this paper, we propose a new control design approach for linear fractional transformation (LFT) systems using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. Instead of assuming parameter dependency in LFT fashion, we consider general parameter-dependent controllers to achieve better closed-loop performance. Using full-block multipliers, new LPV synthesis conditions have been derived in terms of finite number of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Both continuous- and discrete-time cases are discussed. A ship steering example has been used to demonstrate advantages and benefits of the proposed approach.     

On linear co-positive Lyapunov functions for sets of linear positive systems

In this paper we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a common linear co-positive Lyapunov function for a finite set of linear positive systems. Both the state dependent and arbitrary switching cases are considered. Our results reveal an interesting characterisation of “linear” stability for the arbitrary switching case; namely, the existence of such a linear Lyapunov function can be related to the requirement that a number of extreme systems are Metzler and Hurwitz stable. Examples are given to illustrate the implications of our results.     

时滞LPV重复过程的H∞控制

将时滞线性参数变化(LPV)思想应用于重复过程,研究其H∞控制问题.基于参数依赖Lyapunov函数方法,给出了该重复过程的稳定性和控制器设计的充分条件;同时通过投影定理引入两个附加矩阵,解除了重复过程矩阵和依赖于参数的Lyapunov函数矩阵之间的耦合,使得到的条件便于求解.仿真实例表明了该设计方法的有效性.     

Piecewise Lyapunov functions for robust stability of linear time-varying systems

In this paper, we investigate the use of two-term piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions for robust stability of linear time-varying systems. By using the so-called S-procedure and a special variable reduction method, we provide numerically efficient conditions for the robust asymptotic stability of the linear time-varying systems involving the convex combinations of two matrices. An example is included to demonstrate the usefulness of our results.     

Lyapunov-based exact stability analysis and synthesis for linear single-parameter dependent systems

We propose a class of polynomially parameter-dependent quadratic (PPDQ) Lyapunov functions for assessing the stability of single-parameter-dependent linear, time-invariant, (s-PDLTI) systems in a non-conservative manner. It is shown that the stability of s-PDLTI systems is equivalent to the existence of a PPDQ Lyapunov function. A bound on the degree of the polynomial dependence of the Lyapunov function in the system parameter is given explicitly. The resulting stability conditions are expressed in terms of a set of matrix inequalities whose feasibility over a compact and connected set can be cast as a convex, finite-dimensional optimisation problem. Extensions of the approach to state-feedback controller synthesis are also provided.     

具有松弛条件的一类切换模糊系统的稳定性分析

使用切换技术以及多Lyapuriov函数方法．研究一类切换模糊系统的稳定性问题．给出了有连续控制输入时该切换模糊系统的一种松弛稳定性条件,避免了并行分配补偿法中固模糊规则数较多而求解公共矩阵P的困难,同时给出了实现系统全局渐近稳定的切换策略．主要条件以LMI的形式给出,具有较强的可解性．空气调节系统的设计实例表明了所提出设计方法的可行性和有效性．     

Parameter-dependent Lyapunov functional for systems with multiple time delays

The separation of the Lyapunov matrices and system matrices plays an important role when one use sparameter-dependent Lyapunov functional handling systems with polytopic type uncertainties. The delay-dependent robust stability problem for systems with polytopic type uncertainties is discussed by using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functional. The derivative term in the derivative of Lyapunov functional is reserved and the free weighting matrices are employed to express the relationship between the terms in the system equation such that the Lyapunov matrices are not involved in any product terms with the system matrices. In addition, the relationships between the terms in the Leibniz Newton formula are also described by some free weighting matrices and some delay-dependent stability conditions are derived. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed criteria are more effective than the previous results.     

线性时变参数系统切换H∞输出反馈控制

考虑时变参数系统的切换H∞控翻问题.提出了由参数触发的切换策略,由此在最小驻冒时间的限制下,将线性时变参数系统分解为若干具有范数有界不确定性的子系统.利用多Lyapunov函数方法分别设计各子系统的输出动态反馈控制器.使在切换策略驱动下构成的闭环系统满足H∞控制性能.仿真算例完整地实现了理论方法,并验证了其有效性.     

Adaptive finite-time control for a class of switched nonlinear systems using multiple Lyapunov functions

This paper investigates the problem of global adaptive finite-time stabilisation for a class of switched nonlinearly parameterised systems. Without requiring that each subsystem is globally adaptively finite-time stabilisable, a switched adaptive finite-time control scheme is developed by exploiting the multiple Lyapunov functions method and adding a power integrator technique. By using the parameter separation technique, the unknown parameters are separated from nonlinear functions. On the basis of finite-time Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the proposed controller can guarantee that the state of the resulting closed-loop system converges to the origin in finite time. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Switching control approach for stable navigation of mobile robots in unknown environments

This paper presents a stable switching control strategy for the parking problem of non-holonomic mobile robots. First, it is proposed a positioning-orientation switching controller for the parking problem. With this strategy robot backwards motions are avoided and the robot heading is always in the direction of the goal point facilitating the obstacle handling. Second, the avoidance of unexpected obstacles is considered in a reactive way by following the contour of the obstacles. Next, the stability of the switching parking/obstacle-avoider controller is analyzed showing stability under reasonable conditions. Finally, the good performance and the feasibility of this approach are shown through several experimental results.