一种在压缩域色度空间转换的方法

讨论了如何在压缩域直接将4：2：2采样结构的MPEG码流转换为4：2：0采样结构的码流。首先利用DCT变换的正交特性，推导出了在压缩域实现低通滤波运算的具体算法，在这种算法中，利用压缩域的矩阵乘法运算实现空间域的线性低通滤波运算。然后分析了在压缩域实现色度空间采样结构转换时转换失真的产生过程，定性地说明了转换失真产生的原因，并由此得出选取阶数低的滤波器有助于减小转换失真的结论。最后通过仿真实验验证了本文的方法能够取得较好的结果，尽管色度分量图像质量有一些损失，但大大减少了计算量。     

实时MPEG-2压缩流分析仪的设计

在分析压缩视频流结构的基础上,设计高性能软件解码器内核和可视化界面,实现一个实时MPEG-2视频码流分析仪。它是视频编码研究、质量分析的理想辅助工具,此方法也适用于其它基于运动补偿/DCT框架的压缩码流分析仪的设计。     

视频转换编码中的压缩域运动补偿技术

研究视频转换编码中的压缩域运动补偿技术，对已有算法加以补充和完善，解决了现有算法不能处理运动矢量为负的问题。从具体实现角度，给出了详细的算法和必要的分析。实验结果表明基于该文所述的算法和分析改造的MPEG-2 TM5解码程序可以正确地实现压缩域运动补偿和空间分辨率下变换。     

一种基于H.264/AVC的压缩域运动对象分割方法

目前大部分压缩域视频对象的分剖方法主要面向MPEG系列视频标准,且算法建模复杂.为了解决这一问题,现提出了一种新的基于H.264/AVC的压缩域时空联合运动对象分割(TSMOS)算法.该方法主要利用压缩码流中的DCT系教和运动矢量信息进行对象分割,并首先利用相邻帧DCT系数之差提取运动对象轮廓,同时通过对轮廓进行形态学和抗噪声处理来得到粗糙的运动对象帧差掩码;然后采用运动向量归一化、噪声向量滤除、权值扩展向量中值(WEVM)滤波及前帧分割结果后向投影技术来得到对象的运动掩码;最后通过引入有效机制合并帧差掩码和运动掩码来分割运动对象.实验证明.该算法可取得较好的分割效果.     

基于H.264/AVC的压缩域运动对象分割方法

目前大部分压缩域视频对象的分割方法主要面向MPEG系列视频标准,且算法建模复杂。为了解决这一问题,现提出了一种新的基于H.264/AVC的压缩域时空联合运动对象分割（TSMOS）算法。该方法主要利用压缩码流中的DCT系数和运动矢量信息进行对象分割,并首先利用相邻帧DCT系数之差提取运动对象轮廓,同时通过对轮廓进行形态学和抗噪声处理来得到粗糙的运动对象帧差掩码;然后采用运动向量归一化、噪声向量滤除、权值扩展向量中值(WEVM)滤波及前帧分割结果后向投影技术来得到对象的运动掩码;最后通过引入有效机制合并帧差掩码和运动掩码来分割运动对象。实验证明,该算法可取得较好的分割效果。     

一种新的DCT压缩域字符快速定位算法

提出了一种基于DCT压缩域的字符定位算法,能够快速定位出具有复杂背景图像中的字符区域.该算法面向部分解码后的JPEG图像,从y分量DCT压缩码流中提取出一种新的字符/非字符分类特征,并采用自适应阈值法实现分类,利用投影法确定出字符区的位置.实验表明,该算法对不同复杂背景下的JPEG图像,可以有效实现中、英文字符区的提取,查全率和查准率可以达到90%以上,处理速度快,能够实现实时处理.     

数码录像机水印嵌入技术的FPGA实现

本文用FPGA实现的基于水印的图像认证算法可用于数字视频录像机,一旦视频图像内容发生变化,嵌入图像的水印一定会被影响。该文介绍了一种新颖的基于MPEG-4的低比特率水印算法。该算法借鉴了Hartung基于MPEG-2压缩比特流水印算法,将空域扩展谱水印嵌入到MPEG-4码流中。视频录像机和水印嵌入的硬件功能全是由VHDL实现,并仿真、综合、载入到FPGA芯片。     

面向MPEG-4未压缩域的DCT视频水印算法设计

本文简要介绍了视频水印技术和DCT的概念,以MatLab为平台,结合视频水印技术,提出了一种新的面向MPEG-4未压缩域的DCT变换域水印算法。实验证明该算法具有良好的鲁棒性、不可见性,且水印嵌入量较大。     

一种基于GOP的MPEG-2媒体流动切割与合并方法

MPEG-2视频编码技术由于其较高的压缩比和高质量图像，在数字电视及电影等方面具有重要应用。由于编码算法相对较为复杂，迫切需要解决MPEG-2媒体流的切割和合并问题，从而实现有效的节目制作。本文正是针对MPEG-2媒体流，提出了一种基于GOP的压缩域视频分割与合并方法。通过分析媒体流的数据结构，详细蛤出了算法的原理和实现过程。最后，还通过实验证明了该方法的可行性和高效率。     

一种基于MPEG-4纹理编码原理的信息隐藏算法

为了能够解决在MPEG-4码流中实现大容量信息隐藏这一难题,经过对MPEG-4标准的深入研究,提出了一种基于MPEG-4纹理编码原理的信息隐藏算法,通过对位于视频VOP边缘上的DCT编码块中不在VOP内的像素的YUV值进行填充,实现了信息在VOP运动纹理信息中的隐藏.实验表明,算法具有很好的透明性,同时隐藏容量也很可观.随着MPEG-4标准应用的日益广泛,算法在对MPEG-4视频流进行大容量信息隐藏的场合将有着很好的应用前景.     

基于灭点理论和平面控制场的相机标定方法研究

给出了一种基于灭点理论和平面控制场的相机解析自标定方法。在系统分析平面场景灭点几何的基础上,依据灭点理论并结合2维场景的共线方程严密论证和推导了平面控制场中相机外方位元素初值的实用算法。给出了一种圆形标志点的快速检测及定位方法,提出了一种基于计算可靠性矩阵QVVP的自检校光束法平差中各类观测值权值的确定方法。实验证明了该相机标定方法的正确性和有效性,为相机标定探索了一种可行的方法。     

3维建模中视频图像与磁跟踪器的多模态标定在微创手术中的应用

提出了一种全自动、多模态的信息融合解决方案用于配准视频图像和磁跟踪数据。该配准方案将用于内窥镜图像的三维数字成像系统以对人体的三维解剖结构的外观和尺度进行重建,特别是用于微创手术。多模态标定方法如下：首先医生将磁跟踪器插入并固定于内窥镜的工作通道;然后利用该器械组对一个棋盘格模板的各个视角进行若干秒的采集;内窥镜坐标和磁跟踪器坐标的相对关系（平移和旋转）就可以立刻得到。在手术过程中,磁跟踪器显示的读数将可以自动用来推算出内窥镜的坐标（位置和朝向）,并有利于重建器官的三维结构。虽然目前已有一些深入研究的算法用于从图像中推算相机的运动,他们通常非常容易受到图像分析、误差积累、结构形变等的影响。从实验结果分析可知,该方案提出使用磁跟踪器推算相机运动参数的方法可行且提高了精度。此外,该方法不需要特殊的训练或者昂贵的设备。     

Extensions of fuzzy hyperideals in <Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis></Subscript>-semigroups

The object of the present paper is the investigation and study of (fuzzy) hyperideals in H _v - semigroups. Regular equivalence relations play in H _v - semigroup theory a role analogous to congruences in semigroup theory, so we introduce fuzzy regular equivalence relations on H _v -semigroups and then we study fuzzy Rees regular relations on H _v -semigroups. Using this ideas, we establish a relation between fuzzy hyperideal of an H _v -semigroup H and fuzzy hyperideal of a quotient H _v -semigroup of H. Some characterizations of them are then shown.      

电力大数据下的短期电力负荷预测

电力产业是国民工业系统中重要的产业。在电网运行管理中,对于负荷预测具有非常重要的作用。更加准确的电力负荷预测可以为电网的安全稳定运行、实时进行电网负荷的调度提供了重要依据。特别是在经济方面,精确的电力负荷预测可以优化发、用电电网调度计划,合理调度和分配资源,从而起到使社会效益、经济效益最大化的作用。然而随着中国经济的飞速发展,对电力的需求不断增长,电力负荷本身受诸多因素以及政策影响比如日期、天气、气候、市场等其他因素,这些因素更大大加大了准确进行电力负荷预测的困难性。一直以来,人们一直都致力于提高电力负荷预测的准确性,人工神经网络算法具有泛化、学习能力强等优点,现在该算法已在电力负荷预测领域中得到了广泛应用,并且取得了良好的效果。近年来,人工神经网络领域取得重大突破,涌现出一个新的深度学习研究领域。本文就是基于最新发展的人工神经网络算法,结合实际地区电网数据研究了短期电力负荷预测的相关问题。     

An Augmented Lagrangian Method for <Emphasis Type="Italic">TV</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">g</Emphasis></Subscript>+<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript>1</Superscript>-norm Minimization

In this paper, the minimization of a weighted total variation regularization term (denoted TV _g ) with L ¹ norm as the data fidelity term is addressed using the Uzawa block relaxation method. The unconstrained minimization problem is transformed into a saddle-point problem by introducing a suitable auxiliary unknown. Applying a Uzawa block relaxation method to the corresponding augmented Lagrangian functional, we obtain a new numerical algorithm in which the main unknown is computed using Chambolle projection algorithm. The auxiliary unknown is computed explicitly. Numerical experiments show the availability of our algorithm for salt and pepper noise removal or shape retrieval and also its robustness against the choice of the penalty parameter. This last property is useful to attain the convergence in a reduced number of iterations leading to efficient numerical schemes. The specific role of the function g in TV _g is also investigated and we highlight the fact that an appropriate choice leads to a significant improvement of the denoising results. Using this property, we propose a whole algorithm for salt and pepper noise removal (denoted UBR-EDGE) that is able to handle high noise levels at a low computational cost. Shape retrieval and geometric filtering are also investigated by taking into account the geometric properties of the model.     

Three-dimensional analysis of Marangoni flow and radial segregation in Ge<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Si<Subscript>1-<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> melt with Czochralski configuration

In order to examine the flow field and the radial segregation of silicon (Si) in a Ge _x Si_1-x melt with an idealized Czochralski (Cz) configuration, we conducted a series of unsteady three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulations under zero-gravity conditions. The effect of convection driven by surface tension on the free surface of the melt was included in the model, by considering thermal, as well as solutal Marangoni convection. The concentration and flow fields at several stages during crystal growth are presented for several temperature differences, driving the Marangoni convection. The simulation results indicate that the flow and concentration fields are axisymmetric for Ma _T < 625 and become oscillatory and 3-D for higher values. It was found that the maximum Si concentration difference at the growth interface decreases as thermal Marangoni number increases due to higher flow velocities in the vicinity of the interface. However, temporal fluctuations of Si concentration at the interface increase at higher thermal Marangoni numbers. The effects of aspect ratio (A _r) were also considered in the model. It was found that the aspect ratio of the melt in the crucible has a prominent influence on the flow pattern in the melt which, in turn, effects the Si concentration at the growth interface.     

Electrical properties and crystallization behavior of Sb<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Se<Subscript>100−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> thin films

The structural transformation and transformation kinetics of Sb _x Se_100−x films (60 ≤ x ≤ 70) were studied to investigate the feasibility of applying Sb _x Se_100−x alloys in phase-change nonvolatile memories. The temperature-dependent van der Pauw measurements, Hall measurements, X-ray diffraction and a static tester were used to investigate the electrical properties and crystallization behavior of the Sb _x Se_100−x films. The sheet resistance difference between amorphous and crystalline state was higher than 10⁴ Ω per square According to Hall measurement, Sb _x Se_100−x films have p-type conduction and the Hall mobility and carrier concentration increases with the increase in Sb content. The crystalline structure of the metastable phase of Sb _x Se_100−x alloys, which plays a major roll in fast crystallization, is similar to that of Sb₂Te (rhombohedral structure). The transition temperature, sheet resistance and activation energy for transformation decrease as the amount of Sb increases in the Sb _x Se_100−x film. Applying the Kissinger method, the activation energies for crystallization were in the range from 1.90 ± 0.15 to 4.16 ± 0.28 eV. The desired crystallization speed can be obtained by a systematic change of the composition owing to the variation of the activation barrier with stoichiometry.     

Estimation of a Local Lipschitz Constant of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis></Subscript>-Entropy

A method for estimating a Lipschitz constant of the entropy operator of the Boltzmann type is suggested. Examples of the use of the obtained estimates in problems for restoring images by projections are given.__________Translated from Avtomatika i Telemekhanika, No. 7, 2005, pp. 54–65.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Popkov, Rublev.This work was supported by the Program “Branch of Information Technologies and Computer Systems” and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 02-01-00198a.     

Qualitative analysis of dynamic systems with the <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis></Subscript> entropy operator

The method is suggested for the investigation of the existence, uniqueness, and localization of singular points of the DSEO class under consideration. The stability conditions are found “in the small” and “in the large.” Examples of the use of the obtained conditions are given.     

Equivalence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">ε</Emphasis> -Approximate Separation and Optimization in Fixed Dimensions<Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">1</Emphasis></Superscript>

Given a closed, convex set X\subseteq \bbR ⁿ , containing the origin, we consider the problem (P) : max {c^\T x\colon x ∈ X} . We show that, for a fixed dimension, n , and fixed \eps , 0 <\eps<1 , the existence of a combinatorial, strongly polynomial \eps -approximation separation algorithm for the set X is equivalent to the existence of a combinatorial, strongly polynomial \eps -approximation optimization algorithm for the problem (P) . Received June 5, 1996; revised September 25, 1997.