矿井小煤窑水害及其防治

以义马煤业(集团)有限责任公司为例,重点分析了小煤窑乱采滥挖给大矿所造成的矿井充水条件的影响、矿井涌水量变化及向深部转移情况、突水与淹井灾害以及小煤窑潜在水害威胁,介绍了防治小煤窑水害的有效措施和重点防治水工程以及取得的社会经济效益,并指出防治小煤窑水害的最根本措施是依法取缔非法小煤窑的无序生产.     

煤矿水害及防治方法探讨

1 煤矿水害的种类 1.1 地表水体及大气降水水害 地表水水害系指大气降水或地表水体通过区内含水层露头、塌陷区、古井溃入矿井造成的水害事故,尤其是暴雨、洪水溃入矿井造成淹井以及泥石流、滑坡造成的淹埋矿井及工业场所的灾害.     

基于人工智能的矿井水害灾情研判及预测研究

为定量研判及预测矿井水害灾情，提出了一种基于人工智能的矿井水害灾情研判及预测新方法.在水害发生之前，以矿井突(透)水危险性评价理论为基础，分析可能发生的矿井突(透)水灾害，数值模拟仿真矿井水害灾情演变过程，利用聚类分析、随机森林和强化学习等机器学习方法分析灾情演变规律，构建灾情研判模型；在矿井水害发生后，基于物联网监测、人工观测等获取矿井水害局部灾情多源数据，研判矿井整体淹没情况，回归分析灾情变化特征，预测灾情演变趋势，服务于矿井水害应急救援与处置.以北辛窑矿作为示例，论证了基于人工智能的矿井水害灾情研判及预测方法的可操作性与有效性.     

煤层底板突水机理及评价

针对我国北方地区煤矿开采时煤层底板突水问题,介绍了我国矿井水害的现状和防治水技术发展的情况,阐明了喀斯特裂隙水的赋存条件、运移规律以及奥陶系灰岩喀斯特发育的规律;结合国外治水理论,论述了煤层底板突水机理,总结出煤层底板突水的水害特点、突水机理和评价方法,通过突水事例说明"突水系数法"的实际治水效果,最后对煤层底板突水提出了对策.     

灰色系统理论在韩王矿最大涌水量预测中的应用

矿井最大涌水量的科学预测是煤矿水害防治的前提条件． 本文应用灰色控制系统理论, 对韩王矿近十几年来矿井涌水量进行分析、整理, 建立了ＧＭ （１ , １） 预测模型, 对韩王矿最大涌水量进行了预测, 预测精度较高, 不失为矿井最大涌水量科学计算的有效方法,为矿井最大涌水量科学计算提供了可知的依据     

灰色系统理论在韩王矿最大涌水量预测中的应用

矿井最大涌水量的科学预测是煤矿水害防治的前提条件.本文应用灰色控制系统理论,对韩王矿近十几年来矿井涌水量进行分析、整理,建立了GM(1,1)预测模型,对韩王矿最大涌水量进行了预测,预测精度较高,不失为矿井最大涌水量科学计算的有效方法,为矿井最大涌水量科学计算提供了可知的依据.     

煤矿井下涌水量灰色灾变预测

利用灰色灾变理论,对韩王矿历年矿井涌水量资料进行了分析、整理．建立了煤矿井下涌水量灰色灾变时间预测模型,并对矿井灾害涌水量发生时间进行了预测．预测精度较高,结果符合实际要求,为煤矿井下水害防治提供了一种有效的方法．     

煤矿井下涌水量灰色灾变预测

利用灰色灾变理论,对韩王矿历年矿井涌水量资料进行了分析、整理.建立了煤矿井下涌水量灰色灾变时间预测模型,并对矿井灾害涌水量发生时间进行了预测.预测精度较高,结果符合实际要求,为煤矿井下水害防治提供了一种有效的方法.     

煤矿水害及防治方法探讨

1　煤矿水害的种类1 .1　地表水体及大气降水水害地表水水害系指大气降水或地表水体通过区内含水层露头、塌陷区、古井溃入矿井造成的水害事故 ,尤其是暴雨、洪水溃入矿井造成淹井以及泥石流、滑坡造成的淹埋矿井及工业场所的灾害 .此类水害水量大 ,影响面广 ,破坏严重 .其特点是煤层埋藏较浅 ,第四系覆盖层薄 ,矿区浅部岩溶含水层发育 ,易接受地表水的补给 ,地表植被破坏严重 ,地面防洪排水工程不完善 .1 .2　老窑水及采空区积水水害老窑水一般处在埋藏较浅、开采年代较久的煤层 ,煤层开采的情况难以掌握 ,积水量、积水范围不清 .因积水中…     

王河煤矿矿井突水特征与防治水对策

王河煤矿位于荥巩矿区中部,单一开采太原组一1煤层,属带压开采,为荥巩矿区矿井水害最为严重的矿井之一.该矿自投产以来累计发生突水事故达50余次,并造成淹井2次.本文通过对王河井田地质、水文地质条件、突水点分布规律和突水强度特征的分析研究,阐明了矿井突水事故频发的原因,论述了地质构造条件、一1煤层底板隔水层厚度、含水层富水性、矿山压力、水压与突水的关系.在此基础上,提出了矿井防治水害的方法和措施,为今后该矿的安全生产指明了方向.     

Designing coal panels in the conditions of associated methane and spontaneous fire hazards

An increase in methane, spontaneous fire and bumping hazards in Polish hard coal mines, observed in the last two decades, led to the need to elaborate the tools allowing proper selection of a range of preventive measures to fight them at the stage of designing coal extraction. Designing the production of a coal seams in the conditions of associated methane and spontaneous fires hazards in Polish hard coal mines requires elaboration of the design standards for coal panels in gassy coal seams. This paper presents the guidelines on how to design production in the conditions of associated methane and spontaneous fire hazards.Presented tools and methodology since the very first research were many times verified by daily mining operations in the conditions of associated methane and spontaneous fire hazards, which confirms their significant contribution to the development of safe and economical mining operations.     

海孜煤矿顶板动力冲击水害的成因研究

离层水害是一种罕见而危害严重的灾害形式,本文通过水文地质分析、相似材料模拟、数值模拟和冲击水压试验证实发生在淮北海孜煤矿的顶板次生离层水害的成因。针对灾害原因,采取了采动疏干的防治水方法,取得了满意的效果,确保了类似条件工作面开采的安全。     

A semi-quantitative coal burst risk classification system

Safety is the highest priority in the mining industry as underground mining in particular poses high safety risks to its workers. In underground coal mines, coal bursts are one of the most catastrophic hazards, which involves sudden and violent dynamic coal mass failure with rapid ejection of the broken material into the mine workings. Despite decades of research, the contributing mechanisms of coal bursts are still not completely understood. Hence, it remains challenging to forecast coal bursts and quantify their likelihood of occurrence. However, a range of geological and geotechnical factors are associated with coal bursts and can increase the coal burst proneness. This paper introduces a semi-quantitative coal burst risk classification system, namely, BurstRisk. Based on back-analysis of case histories from Australia, China and the United States, BurstRisk classifies the coal burst risk into three categories:low, medium and high risk. In addition, it allows mining engineers to modify the weighting of the selected factors based on specific conditions. The risk classification charts introduced are for both longwall retreat and development sections of long-wall mining operations. This paper also provides a set of risk management strategies and control measures for effective coal burst mitigation.     

Comprehensive evaluation of water-inrush risk from coal floors

Lower groups of coal seams are presently being mined in the Yanzhou coal mining area. We need to evaluate the risk from water-inrush from coal floors in order to have safe production in the lower groups of coal seams in mines, Based on a systematic collection of hydrogeological data and some data from mined working faces in these lower groups, we evaluated the factors affecting water-inrush from coal floors of the area by a method of dimensionless analysis. We obtained the order of the factors affecting water-inrush from coal floors and recalculated data on depths of destroyed floors by multiple linear regression analysis and obtained new empirical formulas. We also analyzed the water-inrush coefficient of mined working faces of the lower groups of coal seams and improved the evaluation standard of the water-inrush coefficient method. Finally, we made a comprehensive evaluation of water-inrush risks from coal floors by using the water-inrush coefficient method and a fuzzy clustering method. The evaluation results provide a solid foundation for preventing and controlling the damage caused by water of an Ordovician limestone aquifer in the lower group of coal seams in the mines of Yanzhou. It provides also important guidelines for lower groups of coal seams in other coal mines.     

Cooling pathways for deep Australian longwall coal mines of the future

Cooling of coal mines in the Bowen Basin, characterized by steep geothermal gradient, is presently achieved mostly through rental surface bulk air cooling in summer months. This paper argues that future mines will be required to focus their cooling resources more intensively to manage a challenging thermal environment where virgin coal temperatures over 50 °C at a depth of 500 m are expected. Currently, mine cooling systems are employed to maintain the wet bulb temperatures(WBT) to below 27 °C at which point the risks of heat stroke or other heat related issues are manageable. The capacities of these systems are in the range of 6–10 MW refrigeration power. The relationship between high working temperature environment and injury frequency rates is well established. Therefore, provision of appropriate cooling strategies and understanding their optimum performance and suitability are important to Australian coal mines of the future. This paper evaluates the underground temperature profiles of deep, gassy coal mines with propensity for spontaneous combustion and proposes the long term cooling pathways to effectively manage the thermal hazards. Thermodynamic modeling is performed on a longwall face and includes air leakage effects from goaf streams at various locations along the longwall face. The strategy summarizes the application of underground bulk air cooling, chilled water sprays on the shearer and the resulting temperature profiles. Considering the new mining projects planned for the Bowen Basin region, a review of implementable cooling strategies such as mid-gate mobile bulk air coolers(BACs), spot coolers, underground bulk air cooling and the use of chilled water to enhance the positional efficiency of cooling plants,are discussed in this paper. Finally, the comparison of ‘rental' versus ‘ownership' of cooling plants is analysed as part of long-term cooling strategies.     

Occurrence,predication,and control of coal burst events in the U.S.

Coal burst represented a major hazard for some U.S. mining operations. This paper provides an historical review of the coal burst hazards,identifies the fundamental geological factors associated with these events,and discusses mechanisms that can be used to avoid their occurrences. Coal burst are not common in most underground mines. Their occurrence almost always has such dramatic consequences to a mining operation that changes in practice are required. Fundamental factors influencing coal burst events include strong strata,abnormal strata caving,elevated stresses,critical size pillars and the lack of sufficiently sized barrier pillars during extraction. These factors interact to produce excessive stress,seismic shock and loss of confinement mechanisms. Over the 90 years of dealing with these hazards,many novel prevention controls have been developed including novel mine designs and extraction sequences,most of which are site specific in their application. Without an accurate assessment of the fundamental factors that influence coal burst and knowledge of their mechanisms of occurrence,control techniques may be misapplied and risk inadequately mitigated.     

Application of coal mine roof rating in Chinese coal mines

The coal mine roof rating(CMRR) is a measure of roof quality or structure competency for bedded roof types typically of underground coal mines. The CMRR has been used widely in the US, South Africa,Canada and Australia. In order to investigate the application of the CMRR system in Chinese coal mines,two coal mines in China located in Panjiang Coal Field in Guizhou Province were investigated. Field data were collected which is required to calculate the CMRR value based on underground exposure. The CMRR values of 11 locations in two coal mines were calculated. The investigations demonstrated that the chance of mine roof failure is very low if the CMRR value is more than 50, given adequate support is installed in mine. It was found that the CMRR guideline are useful to preliminarily investigate stability in Panjiang Coal Field mines.     

小浪底水库北岸煤矿突水淹井因素分析

小浪底水库蓄水后 ,提高了区域地下水排泄基准面 ,改变了区域水文地质及矿井充水条件 ,库区北岸部分开采一1煤层的矿井相继被淹 ,分析认为这些矿井被淹同水库蓄水有一定的联系 ,并从矿井突水过程、突水水源、突水通道和突水动力条件四个方面进行了分析 .     

河北省煤矿区瓦斯赋存构造控制

通过对河北省7个煤与瓦斯突出矿井、12个高瓦斯矿井、32个低瓦斯矿井煤矿区瓦斯地质特征的研究,提出了河北省瓦斯赋存构造逐级控制理论,华北板块构造控制河北省瓦斯分布,区域构造控制各矿区瓦斯分布,矿井构造控制采区、采面瓦斯.厘定出开平煤田北西翼高突带、下花园八宝山高突带、邯邢煤田鼓山东侧深部高瓦斯带和兴隆-宽城-松树台高瓦斯带4个高瓦斯带.研究表明:河北省内煤矿区高突瓦斯矿井的分布受控于EW向燕山褶皱带和NNE太行山构造带两大构造带,具有分带特征,太行山东麓的瓦斯由于深大断裂和地下水的控制而呈现"西低东高,南小北大"的态势,燕山褶皱带受燕山期NW-SE向水平挤压作用发育有逆冲推覆构造,密集发育的逆断层造成煤层叠瓦式分布有利于瓦斯的保存,80%矿井含煤地层集中在石炭二叠系,石炭二叠系瓦斯突出危险性要比侏罗系煤层大.     

基于GIS的东滩煤矿顶板突水预测预报

以东滩煤矿 3煤开采中顶板突水预测预报的研究工作为例 ,阐述了从建立突水的概念模型到运用GIS的手法进行建模并得出最终结果的全过程