水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝体系的早期水化性能

为了研究粉煤灰掺量和温度对水泥水化的影响,测试了粉煤灰掺量0～60%的水泥-粉煤灰水化体系,在温度20、24和28 ℃下的凝结时间及2d内的电阻率发展及抗压强度,发现凝结时间与电阻率发展速率曲线的第一峰值点对应时间遵循线性关系. 在同一温度下,2d的抗压强度和电阻率值显示出良好的正相关线性关系——温度越高,斜率越小,表明电阻率比强度对温度变化更加敏感. 扫描电镜结果论证了粉煤灰在2d内尚未参与水化反应,主要起填充和稀释作用. 因此,可借助电测法估算和预测变温条件下水泥-粉煤灰水化体系的抗压强度及凝结时间.     

Strength of copolymer grouting material based on orthogonal experiment

Using the orthogonal experimental design method involving three factors and three levels, the flexural strength and the compressive strength of copolymer grouting material were studied with different compositions of water-cement ratio (mass fraction of water to cement), epoxy resin content, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content. By orthogonal range and variance analysis, the orders of three factors to influence the strength, the significance levels of different factors, and the optimized compound ratio scheme of copolymer grouting material mixture at different curing ages were determined. An empirical relationship among the strength of copolymer grouting material, the water-cement ratio, the epoxy resin content, and the waterborne epoxy curing agent content was established by multivariate regression analysis. The results indicate that water-cement ratio is the most principal and significant influencing factor on the strength. Epoxy resin content and waterborne epoxy curing agent content also have a significant influence on the strength. But epoxy resin content has a greater influence on the 7-day and 28-day flexural strength, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content has a greater influence on the 3-day flexural strength and the compressive strength. The copolymer grouting material with water-cement ratio of 0.4, epoxy resin content of 8% (mass fraction) and waterborne epoxy curing agent content of 2% (mass fraction) is the best one for repairing of cement concrete pavement. The flexural strength and the compressive strength have good correlation, and the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength is between 1.0 and 3.3. Foundation item: Projects(40728003, 40772180, 40802064) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (07JJ4012) supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(20080430680) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Project(B308) supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project     

Hyperbolic method to analyze the electrical resistivity curve of Portland cements with superplasticizer

Electrical measurement was employed to investigate the early hydration characteristics of cement pastes with different dosages of superplasticizer in the same W/C ratio. The hyperbolic method was applied to analyze the electrical resistivity development. The peak point （Ph） on the hyperbolic curve could be easily read. The time （th） to reach the point Ph had strong relations with the setting time. th was delayed with the increment of the dosage of superplasticizer. The time th was used to plot the relationship between the initial setting time and final setting time. The hyperbolic equation was established to predict the ultimate resistivity. The retardation effect of the superplasticizer was confirmed in the same W/C ratio by setting time and isothermal heat evolution.     

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Restrained Early Age Cracking based on Electrical Resistivity Using Eccentric Sample

Crack potential and hydration processes of the cement pastes were monitored using an upto-date eccentric steel cracking frame(ESCF), associated with the non-contact electrical resistivity apparatus, independently. The objective of employing the ESCF is to give a new method determining cracks of concrete at early age. The findings indicate that the lowest water-cement ratio paste reveals highest resistivity values, compasses an earlier inflection point and obtained higher stress. The eccentric restrained cracking test exhibited that lower water-cement ratio paste cracked at the earliest time, accordingly confirms cracking tendency is the highest. Tensile strength test and stresses utilizing ABAQUS simulation was performed. The crack initiation ages obtained are consistent with the experimental program results, which indicates that ABAQUS numerical analysis can well be utilized to predict the crack tendency of cement.     

Hyperbolic Method to Analyze the Electrical Resistivity Curve of Portland Cements with Superplasticizer

Electrical measurement was employed to investigate the early hydration characteristics of cement pastes with different dosages of superplasticizer in the same W/C ratio. The hyperbolic method was applied to analyze the electrical resistivity development. The peak point (Ph) on the hyperbolic curve could be easily read. The time (th) to reach the point Ph had strong relations with the setting time. th was delayed with the increment of the dosage of superplasticizer. The time th was used to plot the relationship between the initial setting time and final setting time. The hyperbolic equation was established to predict the ultimate resistivity.The retardation effect of the superplasticizer was confirmed in the same W/C ratio by setting time and isothermal heat eyolution.     

Influence of elevated curing temperature on the properties of cement paste and concrete at the same hydration degree

Three different curing temperatures(20 ℃, 40 ℃, and 60 ℃) were set, so that the nonevaporable water(w_n) contents of plain cement pastes cured at these three temperatures were measured to determine the hydration degree of cement. Tests were carried out to compare the pore structure and strength of cement paste, as well as the strength and permeability of concrete under different temperature curing conditions when their cements were cured to the same hydration degree. The experimental results show that either at a relatively low hydration degree(w_n=15%) or high hydration degree(w_n=16.5%), elevated curing temperature has little influence on the hydration products of cement paste, while it has a negative influence on the pore structure and compressive strength of cement paste. However, this negative effect is weaker at high hydration degree. The large capillary pore(100 nm) volumes of cement pastes remain almost the same at high hydration degree, regardless of curing temperatures. As for the concrete, elevated curing temperature also has negative influence on its compressive strength development, at both low hydration degree and high hydration degree. And this negative effect is stronger than that on cement paste's compressive strength at the same hydration degree. On the whole, elevated curing temperature has little influence on the resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration.     

Influence of Calcium Sulfate State and Fineness of Cement on Hydration of Portland Cements Using Electrical Measurement

1 IntroductionThe calcium sulfate state includes gypsum, hemi-hydrate and anhydrite .Inthe modern Portland cement in-dustry,the gypsumis used as a setting retarder for reac-tion with C3A[1]. With the presence of gypsumin theformof CaSO4·2H2O,the gypsum dissolves and reactsprimarily with C3A and C4AF to form ettringite . Thisettringite isinitiallyformed with a veryfine-needle crystalstructure ,whichforms a diffusion barrier onthe surface ofthe cement . This coating avoids the unwanted fl…     

水稳碎石基层取芯临界强度与整体性质量评价时机

为了确定水稳碎石基层合理的整体性质量评价时机,消除养生条件、级配类型和设计强度(水泥剂量)的影响,弥补采用固定龄期法则评价施工质量的局限性,采用振动成型方法成型3种类型级配、3种水泥剂量的大型试件,并采用3种养生路径养生后进行钻芯和劈裂强度试验,建立成熟度与劈裂强度的关系.结果表明:水泥剂量(质量分数)对取出完整芯样的...     

Early age properties of cementitious materials by electrical resistivity measurement

Three cement pastes were prepared with the fixed water-binder ratio and different fly ash contents. The compression test and electrical resistivity measurement of the paste mixes were conducted during 48 h. The changes of the CH content and the non-evaporable water content in the cement-fly ash hydration systems with time were obtained by the thermal gravimetric analysis. The experimental results show that dilution effect of fly ash as micro-filler is dominant mechanism before 48 h, which appears to decrease in the CH content and the non-evaporable water content, also in compressive strength and electrical resistivity, with the increase of fly ash replacement. The relationships between CH content, non-evaporable water content and electrical resistivity show that electrical resistivity can be the indicators of hydration products CH and non-evaporable water. The correlation of the compressive strength f _c and the electrical resistivity ρ can be obtained as f _c =8.3429 ρ = 6.7088 for the period of 48 h. The early age compressive strength can then be predicted by electrical resistivity measurement.     

页岩掺入白水泥中制备文化石的工艺研究

以废弃的胶磷矿伴生的页岩和白水泥为原料,加入适当的氧化铁系颜料和减水剂制备文化石,用硅胶复制母模作为成型模具制作了砖方型、鹅卵石型、竹子型、墙砖型文化石成品. 研究了页岩水泥质量比和水与水泥的质量比（以下简称水灰比）对文化石抗压强度和弯曲强度的影响. 结果表明:随着页岩水泥质量比的降低,文化石的抗压强度和弯曲强度逐渐升高;随着水灰比的升高,文化石早期抗压强度和弯曲强度提高比较明显,但后期抗压强度和弯曲强度提高不明显;确定了最佳页岩水泥质量比和最佳水灰比,当页岩水泥质量比为4∶6,水灰质量比为0.55时,文化石试块标准养护28 d的抗压强度和弯曲强度相对最高,分别为12.12 MPa、4.5 MPa.     

再生纤维素纤维增强水泥砂浆的早期抗裂和自收缩行为

早期收缩开裂是导致混凝土劣化的重要因素之一,纤维的加入可以延缓甚至减少裂缝的延伸及扩展。使用具有吸水特性的再生纤维素纤维,与UF500纤维素纤维和无吸水的聚丙烯短纤维对比,研究再生纤维素纤维对水泥砂浆早期抗裂和自收缩行为的影响规律。将掺量为水泥质量1%或2%的各类纤维掺入水泥砂浆,密封养护,分析水泥砂浆强度、折压比及自收缩应变。研究结果表明：水灰比0.3时,添加再生纤维素纤维不能增强砂浆的抗裂性能和自收缩性能;水灰比大于0.35时,添加1%的再生纤维素纤维虽然降低了砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度,但提高了该样品的折压比,增强了砂浆的抗裂性能和减缩效应。     

减缩剂对水泥基材料早期水化及收缩变形性能的影响

采用非接触式电阻率测定仪和半绝热实验方法分别研究了减缩剂对常温和半绝热条件下的水泥浆体早期水化的电阻率和温升的影响,对比研究了减缩剂对水泥砂浆在干燥条件和常温水中养护时的线性长度变化与强度发展情况的影响,应用五路裂缝测定仪研究了减缩剂在水泥砂浆中的抗裂效果.结果表明:在常温条件下减缩剂会延缓水泥早期水化,而在半绝热条件下则会加速水泥早期水化;减缩剂主要提高干燥环境下的水泥砂浆的抗裂性能,降低其线性收缩值与强度增长,推迟其约束收缩初始开裂时间,而对水中养护的砂浆无补偿收缩效应,因此不利于控制热裂缝.分析表明,减缩剂在水泥基材料中应用时不仅具有物理作用,而且具有化学作用.     

电阻率法研究早期水泥净浆孔结构的演变过程

采用无电极电阻率法原位连续监测3种水灰比（0.23、0.35和0.53）水泥净浆早期水化过程中电阻率的变化全过程,同时结合等温量热仪测试的水化程度,建立水泥净浆随时间发展过程中浆体电阻率与孔结构发展的定量关系。结果表明：根据电阻率及其微分曲线的变化规律可以把水泥水化过程分为4个阶段：溶解期、诱导期、加速期和减速期。水灰比越低,毛细孔隙率和收缩因子变小,曲折因子变大,致使浆体电阻率升高,而孔溶液电阻率却下降。     

The early hydration and strength development of high-strength precast concrete with cement/metakaolin systems

To study the relationship between material composition, curing conditions and strength development, the study simulated high-strength precast concrete pile production, and a high-strength mortar up to 90 MPa was designed and a hot-water pool was built for concrete curing. The major point of the study was to achieve a high early strength by using cement/metakaolin systems without autoclave curing with high-pressure steam. By means of XRD and thermal analysis, the progress of the hydration of the cement pastes blended with metakaolin was characterized. The main results indicate that high strength can be obtained at early age by the use of metakaolin and thermal treatment (hot-water curing). The improvement in strength of mortars with metakaolin can be explained by an increase in the amount of C-S-H and C-S-A-H hydrated phases and a decrease in the amount of calcium hydration(CH). Further more, a decrease in Ca/Si ratio of the matrix was observed from the results of EDX analysis, which also leaded to an improvement of the compressive strength. These results are of great importance for the high-strength precast concrete manufacturing industry.     

Effect of superplasticizers on the early age hydration of sulfoaluminate cement

The effects of two types of superplasticizers on the properties of CSA cement pastes during early hydration were studied. The influences of two types of superplasticizers on the properties of cement pastes, including the normal consistency, setting time, fl uidity, and compressive strength, were investigated by using various methods. The hydration products of the cement pastes cured for 1 day and 3 days were studied by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The results show that the PCE type superplasticizer retards the early age hydration while the FDN type superplasticizer accelerates the early age hydration of the CSA cement. Both types of superplasticizers have no infl uence on the further hydration of CSA cement, confi rmed by the calorimeter tests as well. The ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements were used to probe the influence of two types of superplasticizers on the hydration of CSA cement pastes at a high water-cement ratio（0.45）. The results show that the PCE type superplasticizer retards the early age hydration of the CSA cement while the FDN type superplasticizer has little infl uence on the early age hydration of the CSA cement.     

无电极电阻率法研究水泥基复合材料的导电机理

采用无电极电阻率法监测了分别掺入碳纤维、钢纤维和碎石骨料的水泥基复合材料在72 h内的电阻率,并用Hymstruc3D建立了微观结构模型分析导电机理。结果表明:水泥浆体的电阻率受电解质液相饱和度、孔隙率及孔结构曲折度的影响。掺入的导电纤维能明显降低水泥基复合材料的电阻率;而掺入骨料时,其电阻率明显增加。水泥基复合材料的导电现象是由水泥浆体中液相离子导电和导电纤维中的电子导电的共同作用所致。水泥基复合材料的电阻率与其导电相的含量密切相关。无电极电阻率法为估算水泥基复合材料中导电相或非导电相的含量提供了新的思路。     

膨润土对硅酸盐水泥水化硬化的影响

研究了膨润土的种类和掺量对水泥硬化浆体抗压强度、Ca(OH)2含量、微观孔结构分布和对硬化浆体的水化形貌的影响。结果表明:掺钠基膨润土的水泥浆体抗压强度高于掺钙基膨润土的水泥浆体抗压强度。提高膨润土掺量,抗压强度和Ca(OH)2含量均降低;膨润土的种类和掺量对硬化水泥浆体的孔结构分布和形貌也有明显的影响。     

水泥-生石灰固化吹填土无侧限抗压强度试验研究

为了改善滨海吹填淤泥的物理力学性能,同时考虑工程经济性和大面积推广,通过添加低配比的水泥和生石灰来提高吹填土的强度,为实际工程的应用提供依据。本文采用单一水泥或生石灰以及双掺固化的方式,通过大量的室内试验,得到了7天、14天和28天的无侧限抗压强度值,分别分析了水泥、生石灰以及双掺的掺量和养护龄期对固化土的无侧限抗压强度的影响,揭示了固化土的无侧限抗压强度与掺量之间的线性关系,明确了低配比下固化土的无侧限抗压强度与龄期的关系。此外,还探讨了水泥土和石灰土的强度增长差异。     

甲酸钙对水泥浆体抗压强度、水化及孔结构的影响

研究了甲酸钙对普通硅酸盐水泥浆体和硅酸盐水泥浆体抗压强度的影响,采用XRD、压汞法和灼烧法,测试了甲酸钙对水泥浆体水化产物组成、孔结构及化学结合水的影响。结果表明：甲酸钙能加速水泥的水化,促进Ca（OH）2的生成,提高水泥浆体的水化程度;甲酸钙能明显改善水泥浆体的孔结构,减少孔隙率和细化孔径;甲酸钙对P·O42．5普通硅酸盐水泥浆体早期强度的提升要比对P·152．5硅酸盐水泥的效果好。     

Assessment of curing efficiency and effect of moist curing on performance of fly ash concrete

This study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of compressive strength,water permeability and electrical resistance of near-surface layer concrete with different fly ash contents to curing conditions.It is shown that the sensitivity to curing condition and fly ash content descends in the following order:difference between internal and surface resistivity (ρ) at 28 days,water permeability and compressive strength;both of longer duration of moist curing and use of fly ash in concrete enhanced the water ...