冷热循环处理对SiCp/2024Al尺寸稳定性的影响

研究了冷热循环处理对SiCp／2024Al复合材料尺寸稳定性的影响。结果表明,冷热循环处理可以降低复合材料中的残余应力,促进基体合金的时效析出,从而提高了复合材料在交变温度场下的尺寸稳定性。冷热循环处理的下限温度越低,即上下限温差越大,降低残余应力效果越显著,对时效析出的促进作用越大,复合材料的尺寸稳定性越好。     

退火及深冷处理对2.5D-C_f/Al复合材料残余应力及力学性能的影响

选用碳纤维2.5D织物为预制体,ZL301为基体合金,采用真空压力浸渗法制备了碳纤维体积分数为49%的2.5D-C_f/Al复合材料。主要对浸渗的复合材料进行退火和深冷处理,研究退火及深冷处理对2.5D-C_f/Al复合材料残余应力及力学性能的影响。结果表明,退火及深冷处理都能够显著降低2.5D-C_f/Al复合材料的残余应力,但深冷处理后残余应力释放更为彻底且残余应力状态发生改变。深冷处理后的复合材料的抗拉强度提升约13.4%,这是因为复合材料低温下体积收缩致使孔隙闭合及残余应力降低所导致,而退火处理的复合材料抗拉强度有所降低。     

时效及冷热循环对Al2O3增强2A12铝合金尺寸稳定性的影响

采用压铸方法制备了体积分数为30%的Al₂O₃/2A12复合材料,对其残余应力松弛及尺寸变化进行了研究,分析了时效和冷热循环处理对复合材料尺寸稳定性的影响规律。结果表明,复合材料的残余应力松弛量随时效时间的延长而增加;冷热循环处理不仅能导致高密度位错的形成,还能够促进时效析出,并能够降低复合材料中的残余应力,从而提高了复合材料在交变温度场下的尺寸稳定性。伴随着冷热循环处理循环下限温度的降低,即上下限温差越大,复合材料中的残余应力持续减小,微变形抗力提高,对基体析出的加速作用增大,复合材料的尺寸稳定性获得明显改善。本文提出的3种工艺中,160℃×10 h时效+（-196～160℃）冷热循环4次是提高Al₂O₃/2A12复合材料尺寸稳定性的最佳工艺。      

热循环对β-LiAlSiO4/Cu复合材料热膨胀行为的影响（英文）

采用热压烧结工艺制备β-LiAlSiO4/Cu复合材料。对复合材料进行多次热循环过程中的热膨胀行为测试,对烧结态复合材料进行原位高温XRD分析,对热循环前后复合材料的微观组织进行观察。结果表明:经过2次以上热循环处理后,β-LiAlSiO4/Cu复合材料获得稳定的热膨胀系数。在热循环过程中复合材料残余应力得到松弛和释放,可以显著降低复合材料的热膨胀系数。复合材料中的残余应力引起β-LiAlSiO4颗粒中的Li+从有序到无序的非可逆性的相转变。在热循环过程中复合材料残余应力的释放引起基体孪晶变形。     

热循环对β-LiAlSiO_4/Cu复合材料热膨胀行为的影响(英文)

采用热压烧结工艺制备β-LiAlSiO4/Cu复合材料。对复合材料进行多次热循环过程中的热膨胀行为测试,对烧结态复合材料进行原位高温XRD分析,对热循环前后复合材料的微观组织进行观察。结果表明:经过2次以上热循环处理后,β-LiAlSiO4/Cu复合材料获得稳定的热膨胀系数。在热循环过程中复合材料残余应力得到松弛和释放,可以显著降低复合材料的热膨胀系数。复合材料中的残余应力引起β-LiAlSiO4颗粒中的Li+从有序到无序的非可逆性的相转变。在热循环过程中复合材料残余应力的释放引起基体孪晶变形。     

可计及温度与层状结构影响的超高温陶瓷基复合材料涂层残余热应力理论表征模型

目的创建可计及温度与层状结构共同影响的超高温陶瓷基复合材料涂层与基体层因热不匹配导致的残余热应力的理论表征模型。方法基于经典的层合板理论与超高温陶瓷基复合材料热物理性能参数对温度的敏感性研究,引入温度和层状结构对涂层与基体层所受残余热应力的影响,形成各层残余热应力温度相关性的理论表征方法,并以ZrB_2-SiC复合材料涂层为例,利用该理论方法系统地研究了各种控制机制对残余热应力的影响及其随温度的演化规律。结果超高温陶瓷基复合材料涂层与基体层所受的残余热应力随着温度的变化而变化,涂层热膨胀系数与基体层热膨胀系数差别越大,变化幅度越大。当涂层材料热膨胀系数大于基体层材料热膨胀系数时,涂层材料遭受残余拉应力,基体层材料遭受残余压应力;随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层所受拉应力减小,而基体层所受压应力增大;当涂层材料热膨胀系数小于基体层材料热膨胀系数时,涂层材料遭受残余压应力,基体层材料遭受残余拉应力;随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层所受压应力减小,而基体层所受拉应力增大。低温下,各层所受残余热应力对层厚与每层材料组成的变化比较敏感,随着温度的升高,敏感性降低。结论对于涂层材料,应设计涂层材料的热膨胀系数小于基体层材料的热膨胀系数,使涂层遭受残余压应力,这不仅能够降低材料表面产生裂纹的危险,同时可以抑制表面已有缺陷的扩展。同时应当设计相对较小的涂层厚度,以增大涂层所受的残余压应力,降低基体层所受的残余拉应力,有效提高整体材料在不同温度下的强度性能。     

颗粒增强镁基复合材料热残余应力的有限元分析

由于基体与增强相之间热膨胀系数的差异,颗粒增强镁基复合材料在制备和热处理过程中,在颗粒和基体的界面处会产生热残余应力。通过建立了随机颗粒模型,利用有限元模拟分析了复合材料降温过程中颗粒形状、颗粒尺寸和颗粒质量分数对基体热残余应力的影响。结果表明:颗粒形状对基体热残余应力影响较大。颗粒形状越接近球形,基体上等效应力越小;单胞、多胞模型基体上热残余应力随颗粒尺寸的增大而增大,相同尺寸下随颗粒质量分数的增大而增大;对于多胞模型基体,颗粒与基体应力的交错会使热残余应力有所降低。     

冷热循环处理对ZL205A残余应力和力学性能的影响

主要是采用盲孔法和拉伸试验法研究了冷热循环处理对ZL205A过渡环应力消除和力学性能的影响。结果表明:冷热循环处理使得过渡环的残余应力有所减小,且第二次冷热循环处理后,残余应力下降了近20%。经冷热循环处理后,ZL205A由于在低温下铝基体晶格发生收缩,导致空位浓度降低,且在深冷低温下原子扩散十分困难,在基体周围近距离析出了第二相,呈弥散分布。随着深冷处理时间的延长,析出的第二相增多,其分布也更加均匀、致密,晶粒得到细化从而提高了材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度。     

低温处理对SiCp／6061Al复合材料残余应力的影响

对时效状态及－６０℃和－１９６℃低温处理状态的Ｓｉｃ_ｐ／６０６１Ａｌ（ＳｉＣ体积分数为２０％）复合材料中的热残余应力进行了Ｘ射线应力测定及有限元分析．实验与计算结果均表明，随着低温处理温度的下降，复合材料基体相中的平均残余应力由拉应力逐渐变成了压应力，增强相中的平均残余应力由压应力逐渐变成了拉应力．但是，低温处理后材料内部仍然存在着应力梯度和应力集中，基体相中仍然存在着拉应力区．     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料热错配应力分析

基于弹塑性力学理论,分析了颗粒增强金属基复合材料在降温及升温循环过程中的热错酸应力,结果表明：降温期间复合材料基体发生了热错配塑性应变,升温期间则经历卸载过程;在升温期间存在一特定温度,此温度复合材料基体平均错配应力为零,在零应力温度下,热错配应力分布不均匀程度有所减小,零应力温度受复合材料冷却温度的影响,利用低温处理方法可以调整复合材料的零应力温度。     

Effect of low temperature treatment on tensile yield strength of SiCw/6061 Al alloy composites

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Determination and Relaxation of Residual Stress in 2024 Al-30 vol.% Magnesium Borate Whisker Composites

Residual stresses in 30 vol.% magnesium borate whisker-reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix composites have been determined by a nanoindentation method which takes into consideration pile-up and sink-in effects on indentation contact depth. Owing to the thermal mismatch and the large difference in elasticity modulus between the Al matrix and MBO whiskers, tensile residual stress was introduced to Al matrix material during fabrication. It was found that the solution treatment reduced the tensile residual stress by producing interfacial component and dislocations in the composites. Cryogenic cooling released the stress via reversing the tensile residual stress to compression in the matrix, which was more effective than solution treatment to release the tension stress in the composites. The combination of the solution treatment and the cryogenic cooling provided the most effective procedure to release the residual stress in the composites, which reduced the tensile residual stress from 232.6 to 56.5 MPa, i.e., 76% reduction. Meanwhile, no cracks were observed in the composite when processed with such sudden thermal shocking.     

Effects of particle size on residual stresses of metal matrix composites

A finite element analysis was carried out on the development of residual stresses during the cooling process from the fabrication temperature in the SiCp reinforced AI matrix composites. In the simulation, the two-dimensional and random distribution multi-particle unit cell model and plane strain conditions were used. By incorporating the Taylor-based nonlocal plasticity theory, the effect of particle size on the nature, magnitude and distribution of residual stresses of the composites was studied. The magnitude thermal-stress-induced plastic deformation during cooling was also calculated. The results show similarities in the patterns of thermal residual stress and strain distributions for all ranges of particle size. However, they show differences in magnitude of thermal residual stress as a result of strain gradient effect. The average thermal residual stress increases with decreasing particle size, and the residual plastic strain decreases with decreasing particle size.     

SiCP/Al复合材料温度变化引致尺寸不稳定性的研究

研究了ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ系复合材料经不同热处理后在温度反复变化时的尺寸稳定性，结果表明，在温度反复循环后会产生累积残余应变εｅｒ，随循环次数的增多，εｃｒ减小，尺寸趋于稳定，预处理对热循环累积残余应变有影响，退火态εｃｒ最大，时效态次之，而预循环态最小。复合材料中颗粒尺寸越大，颗粒体积分数越高以及基体越硬均对抵抗环境温度变化尺寸稳定性有利。与均质的纯铝相比较，复合材料的热循环累积残余应变较大，抵抗温度     

Effect of Residual Stresses and Prediction of Possible Failure Mechanisms on Thermal Barrier Coating System by Finite Element Method

This work is focused on the effect of the residual stresses resulting from the coating process and thermal cycling on the failure mechanisms within the thermal barrier coating (TBC) system. To reach this objective, we studied the effect of the substrate preheating and cooling rate on the coating process conditions. A new thermomechanical finite element model (FEM) considering a nonhomogeneous temperature distribution has been developed. In the results, we observed a critical stress corresponding to a low substrate temperature and high cooling rate during spraying of the top-coat material. Moreover, the analysis of the stress distribution after service shows that more critical stresses are obtained in the case where residual stresses are taken into account.     

Influence of thermal cycle on surface evolution and oxide formation in a superalloy system with a NiCoCrAlY bond coat

A material system comprising a NiCoCrAlY bond coat deposited on a superalloy substrate has been subjected to thermal cycling. The assessment contrasts the influence of simple and stepwise (intermediate temperature hold) thermal cycles on the undulation of the surface and on the evolution of residual compressive stress in the thermally-grown oxide (TGO) layer. Stress-mapping of the TGO was performed using luminescence spectroscopy. Regions of interest were cross-sectioned using focused ion beam techniques to enable sub-surface examination by scanning electron microscopy. The investigation revealed that the surface develops undulations upon stepwise cycling, but not for either simple cycling or isothermal exposure (at comparable TGO thickness). This behavior has been related to the rapid creep displacements occurring in the bond coat during the intermediate temperature hold, because it is subject to large stress at this temperature. When the undulations attain sufficient amplitude, creep cracks form along the ridges, causing the stress to locally relax. For situations that do not cause undulations, areas of reduced residual compression appear in the TGO. Yttria-rich particles were invariably present in these regions.     

Role of interfacial and matrix creep during thermal cycling of continuous fiber reinforced metal–matrix composites

A uni-dimensional micro-mechanical model for thermal cycling of continuous fiber reinforced metal–matrix composites is developed. The model treats the fiber and matrix as thermo-elastic and thermo-elasto-plastic-creeping solids, respectively, and allows the operation of multiple matrix creep mechanisms at various stages of deformation through the use of unified creep laws. It also incorporates the effect of interfacial sliding by an interface-diffusion-controlled diffusional creep mechanism proposed earlier (Funn and Dutta, Acta mater., 1999, 47, 149). The results of thermal cycling simulations based on a graphite fiber reinforced pure aluminum–matrix composite were compared with experimental data on a P100 graphite–6061 Al composite. The model successfully captured all the important features of the observed strain responses of the composite for different experimental conditions, such as the observed heating/cooling rate dependence, strain hysteresis, residual permanent strain at the end of a cycle, as well as both intrusion and protrusion of the fiber-ends relative to the matrix at the completion of cycling. The analysis showed that the dominant deformation mechanism operative in the matrix changes continually during thermal cycling due to continuous stress and temperature revision. Based on these results, a framework for the construction of a transient deformation mechanism map for thermal excursions of continuous fiber composites is proposed.     

连接温度对C/C复合材料及Cu连接接头残余应力的影响

采用热弹塑性有限元数值模拟方法,研究了连接温度对C/C复合材料与Cu平面对接接头残余应力的影响。结果表明:最大拉应力的分布具有方向性,在连接界面法线方向上,最大拉应力出现在靠近接头界面的C/C复合材料侧,位于连接件的棱边上;在平行连接界面方向上,最大拉应力出现在靠近接头界面的Cu侧表面。最大剪切应力位于接头界面处。随着连接温度的升高,接头残余应力峰值逐渐增大,但接头残余应力的分布形态相似。对于连接界面尺寸为4 mm×4 mm的接头,在连接温度为1 000℃时,离接头界面1.2 mm的C/C复合材料侧最容易发生断裂。