电磁搅拌法制备铝合金半固态浆料过程中磁场和流场的数值模拟

利用ANSYS软件,对电磁搅拌作用下铝合金半固态浆料中的电磁场和流场进行数值模拟.分析电流强度和频率变化对磁感应强度的影响,并分析粘度变化对熔体流动速度的影响.结果表明,在电磁力的作用下,铝合金熔体在水平方向上产生旋转流动;由于感应电流的集肤效应,合金熔体中的电磁力由外向内依次减小;在相同频率下,半固态浆料中的磁感应强度随着电流强度的增加而增加;在相同电流强度下,磁感应强度随着频率的增加而减小;随着半固态浆料的温度降低,其粘度增大,流动速度减小.     

复合材料制备中电磁搅拌电磁场的数值模拟

利用ANSYS软件,对电磁搅拌法制备复合材料的电磁场进行了数值模拟,并与实测值进行了比较。结果表明,电磁搅拌复合坩埚内磁感应强度呈三维分布,其数值在坩埚高度方向上中间处最大：相同频率下,磁感应强度均随着电流的增大而增大;相同电流强度下,磁感应强度随着频率的增加而减小。坩埚内金属中的电磁力分布与磁感应强度分布规律类似。     

连铸板坯二冷区辊式电磁搅拌的磁场数值模拟

通过ANSYS有限元分析软件,在电流频率为6 Hz、电流强度变化的情况下,对连铸板坯二冷区电磁搅拌进行了数值模拟.分析了电流强度为400 A、电流频率为6Hz时,铸坯内部的磁感应强度和电磁力的变化规律.结果表明,铸坯中心的磁感应强度随电流强度的增大而增大;铸坯中心的电磁力在一个周期的不同时刻向同一个方向移动,并在该力的作用下完成对钢液的搅拌.     

电磁搅拌法制备半固态浆料过程中电磁场的数值模拟

建立了电磁搅拌法制备半固态金属浆料电磁场的计算模型,采用商用ANSYS软件对电磁场分布进行了数值模拟,分析了线圈和坩埚间的缝隙、坩埚材质、电流和频率对磁感应强度的影响规律,并进行了相应的试验验证.研究结果表明,电磁场模拟结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性,验证了计算模型与软件算法的可行性.在电磁力的作用下,铝合金熔体在水平方向上产生旋转运动,由于感应电流的集肤效应,合金熔体中的电磁力由外向内依次减小;磁感应强度随频率的增大而依次减小,随电流的增大而依次增大;在选用不锈钢坩埚,坩埚和线圈间缝隙为5 mm时可以使铝合金熔体获得的磁感应强度最大;在电流为50 A,频率为10 Hz时电磁搅拌法可以获得更加细小均匀的半固态组织.     

坩埚半径对电磁搅拌制备半固态A356浆料电磁场分布的影响

提出了坩埚半径的设计思路,研究了坩埚半径对电磁搅拌制备半固态A356铝合金浆料时磁感应强度和电磁力分布的影响。通过ANSYS 15.0模拟了不同坩埚半径中半固态A356铝合金浆料受到的磁感应强度和电磁力沿坩埚径向的变化趋势。模拟结果表明,磁感应强度从坩埚中心沿坩埚径向0.85倍距离左右逐渐增大;电磁力整体上随坩埚半径的增大而增大,且增加的幅度越来越大,电磁力从坩埚中心到坩埚径向上0.9倍距离左右逐渐增大,而在边缘处急剧减小。对不同坩埚半径的试验结果进行对比,发现最佳的坩埚半径为30mm。     

电磁搅拌参数对椭圆坩埚中半固态铝合金熔体流动与凝固组织的影响

运用ANSYS有限元分析软件对半固态A356铝合金凝固过程中的流场进行模拟,研究电磁搅拌参数(电磁频率和电流强度)对合金熔体流动与凝固组织的影响。结果表明:随着电磁频率和电流强度的增大,半固态铝合金在椭圆坩埚长轴X和短轴Y上的最大电磁力和最大流速均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,并且长轴X上的最大电磁力和最大流速均大于短轴Y上的;施加电磁搅拌后,电磁力从坩埚的中心处沿半径方向逐步增大,到0.8～0.9倍的坩埚半径处电磁力达到最大,超过该距离后,电磁力又开始急剧降低。椭圆坩埚中电磁力受电流强度的影响更大,而流速受电流强度和电磁频率的敏感度不如电磁力,但电流强度对流速的影响依旧略强于电磁频率;当电磁频率和电流强度分别为30 Hz和5 A时,半固态A356合金初生相的平均等积圆直径为106.1μm,平均形状因子为0.72,此时制备出的半固态合金组织最好。     

大圆坯连铸M-EMS参数对磁场和流场分布的影响

采用有限元法和有限体积法对φ250mm大圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌(M-EMS)磁场和流场进行耦合计算。分析了不同电磁搅拌电流和频率下磁场和流场的分布。研究表明,数值模拟结果与实测结果基本一致。钢液中心面的磁感应强度在角部要明显大于中心。电磁力在横截面周向上分布均匀,流动呈涡旋状。当频率相同时,磁感应强度、电磁力和流速随着电流的增加而增加。当电流相同时,沿拉速方向,磁感应强度随频率增加而减小,电磁力和流速随频率的增加而增加。沿搅拌器中心径向,磁感应强度和电磁力随频率增加而减小,频率对切向流速的影响不大。对于φ250mm大圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌,在电流和频率为480A,3Hz时能起到良好的搅拌效果。     

螺旋磁场电磁搅拌的数值模拟

建立描述不同磁场搅拌模式下的三维有限元模型,对比研究励磁电流、搅拌频率、搅拌器空间位置对磁感应强度和电磁力的影响规律。结果表明:磁场模拟结果与实测数据吻合良好,磁感应强度随励磁电流的增加呈线性增加;随搅拌频率的增加递减,磁感应强度沿中心轴线的分布表现为"中间大两头小"的特点,在径向铸坯边缘处最大,向中心逐渐衰减。电磁力随励磁电流和搅拌频率的增加而增大,中心轴线上底部电磁力值最大,并沿着轴线方向向上逐渐衰减;半径方向上边缘处的电磁力最大,向铸坯心部方向有小幅度的衰减。不同磁场作用下的计算结果表明:搅拌参数相同时,螺旋磁场具有更强的磁感应强度和电磁力,引起金属熔体沿径向和轴向上更大范围的流动,更有利于改善合金成分分布和凝固组织。     

不同电磁搅拌器内电磁力的有限元数值计算

从电磁场的基本理论出发,利用有限元软件ANSYS对三类电磁搅拌器进行了数值模拟,结合相关电磁场理论对金属熔体的受力进行了分析讨论。结果表明：三种电磁搅拌器在熔体区域内的磁感应强度都随着电流频率的增大而减小,不同搅拌器的电磁力随频率的变化情况有所不同。在频率一定的情况下,通过增大电压可增加熔体区域内的电磁力。     

坩埚尺寸和电磁频率对半固态A356铝合金浆料流动的影响

采用数值模拟方法,通过改变坩埚长短轴比例R和电磁搅拌频率研究半固态A356铝合金浆料的流动规律,以及R对半固态A356铝合金浆料初生相组织的影响。结果表明:随着R增大,半固态A356铝合金在短轴上所受的最大电磁力和最大流速呈先增大后减小的趋势,在长轴上所受的最大电磁力和最大流速呈先增大后减小再增大的现象;频率越高,短轴和长轴上所受的电磁力差和流速差越明显,因而可使熔体流动时出现"加速-减速-加速"的循环运动现象。当电磁频率和R分别为30 Hz和1.1时,坩埚长轴和短轴上的最大流速分别为153.6和143.2 mm/s,流速差最小,此时可制备出较优的半固态A356铝合金浆料。     

Effect of harmonic magnetic field and pulse magnetic field on microstructure of high purity Cu during electromagnetic direct chill casting

The effects of two types of magnetic fields, namely harmonic magnetic field (HMF) and pulse magnetic field (PMF) on magnetic flux density, Lorentz force, temperature field, and microstructure of high purity Cu were studied by numerical simulation and experiment during electromagnetic direct chill casting. The magnetic field is induced by a magnetic generation system including an electromagnetic control system and a cylindrical crystallizer of 300 mm in diameter equipped with excitation coils. A comprehensive mathematical model for high purity Cu electromagnetic casting was established in finite element method. The distributions of magnetic flux density and Lorentz force generated by the two magnetic fields were acquired by simulation and experimental measurement. The microstructure of billets produced by HMF and PMF casting was compared. Results show that the magnetic flux density and penetrability of PMF are significantly higher than those of HMF, due to its faster variation in transient current and higher peak value of magnetic flux density. In addition, PMF drives a stronger Lorentz force and deeper penetration depth than HMF does, because HMF creates higher eddy current and reverse electromagnetic field which weakens the original electromagnetic field. The microstructure of a billet by HMF is composed of columnar structure regions and central fine grain regions. By contrast, the billet by PMF has a uniform microstructure which is characterized by ultra-refined and uniform grains because PMF drives a strong dual convection, which increases the uniformity of the temperature field, enhances the impact of the liquid flow on the edge of the liquid pool and reduces the curvature radius of liquid pool. Eventually, PMF shows a good prospect for industrialization.

     

铝硅合金软接触电磁铸造成型中耦合场计算研究

从电磁场的基本原理出发,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立铝硅合金半固态电磁铸造的磁流耦合场模型,通过数值模拟计算磁场对流场和温度场的影响。结果表明,电磁场频率直接决定流场及温度场的分布,高频电磁场感应加热效果明显、洛伦兹力主要表现为电磁压力,有利于电磁铸造约束成型。     

Effect of electromagnetic parameters on melt flow and heat transfer of AZ80 Mg alloy during differential phase electromagnetic DC casting based on numerical simulation

Based on multi-physical field coupling numerical simulation method, magnetic field distribution, melt flow, and heat transfer behavior of a Φ300 mm AZ80 alloy billet during differential phase electromagnetic DC casting (DP-EMC) with different electromagnetic parameters were studied. The results demonstrate that the increase in current intensity only changes the magnitude but does not change the Lorentz force’s distribution characteristics. The maximum value of the Lorentz force increases linearly followed by an increase in current intensity. As the frequency increases, the Lorentz force’s r component remains constant, and the z component decreases slightly. The change in current intensity correlates with the melt oscillation and convection intensity positively, as well as the liquid sump temperature uniformity. It does not mean that the higher the electric current, the better the metallurgical quality of the billet. A lower frequency is beneficial to generate a more significant melt flow and velocity fluctuation, which is helpful to create a more uniform temperature field. Appropriate DP-EMC parameters for a Φ300 mm AZ80 Mg alloy are 10–20 Hz frequency and 80–100 A current intensity.

     

Effects of A-EMS processing parameters on semisolid slurry production

A computational model coupling an electromagnetic model with a macroscopic heat and fluid flow model in semisolid Al alloy slurry preparation by A-EMS was developed.The effects of A-EMS processing parameters such as stirring current,stirring frequency and stirring gap width on macroscopic transport phenomena during solidification were analyzed.Both the computational and experimental results showed that more intensively uniform stirring fields and uniformly fine microstructures were obtained by optimizing processing variables.     

ANALYSIS OF FLUID FIELD OF LIQUID METAL IN ELECTROMAGNETIC CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

Navier-Stokes equation and Lorentz force equation are used to calculate the fluid field of liquid metal of electromagnetic centrifugal casting(EMCC) in this paper.A field equationis given,which shows the azimuthal velocity closely relates to electrical conductivity,mag-netic density,viscosity of liquid metal and radius of casting.The results show that the sta-tionary magentic field can effectively restrain the fluid flow and the relative velocity be-tween liquid metal and casting mould and the velocity gradient at solid/liquid interface in-creases with rising magnetic density,which has a great effect on the solidification of liquidmetal and crystal growth characteristies.     

Numerical simulation on electromagnetic field,flow field and temperature field in semisolid slurry preparation by A-EMS

A two-dimensional computational model coupling an annular electromagnetic stirring (A-EMS) with a macroscopic heat and fluid flow analysis in Al-alloys semisolid slurry preparation was developed. The dynamic evolutions of the electromagnetic field, flow field, and temperature field were presented successfully by commercial software ANSYS 10.0 with corresponding experimental verification. A horizontally rotational electromagnetic field and, thereby, a more intensive velocity field were uniformly distributed in the stirred melt even at commercial frequency, and thus, a lower temperature difference in the stirred melt and subsequent uniformly fine microstructures were obtained compared with the normal electromagnetic stirring. The simulation results were in good agreement with experimental ones.     

3D NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW FIELD AND TEMPERATURE FIELD IN A ROUND BILLET CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLD WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING

建立了描述圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌过程的三维数学模型. 采用有限元和有限体积结合的方法求解Maxwell方程组和湍流Navier-Stokes方程, 分析了结晶器电磁搅拌过程的磁场、流场、温度场和夹杂物轨迹特征, 并考虑了励磁电磁强度和频率的影响. 研究表明, 磁场模拟结果与现场实测数据一致, 电磁力在圆坯水平截面上呈周向分布. 钢液在结晶器纵截面内形成两对回流区, 且在水平截面内旋转流动; 过热钢液滞留在结晶器上部区域, 铸坯芯部温度迅速降低, 凝固前沿温度梯度提高; 大部分夹杂物积聚到结晶器上部区域旋转运动. 励磁电流强度和频率对结晶器内钢液的流动、温度分布及夹杂物运动均有明显影响.