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本文通过研究分析欧盟、美国的食品包装材料技术法规与标准的现状和我国食品包装材料法规与标准存在的不足,提出了进一步完善我国食品包装材料法规与标准的建议。 相似文献
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食品包装材料是指用于制造食品包装容器和构成产品包装的材料的总称,包括塑料、纸、金属、玻璃、陶瓷、食品包装内壁涂料、复合食品包装材料等原材料以及粘合剂、涂覆材料等各种辅助材料。一、食品包装材料卫生安全问题1.影响食品包装安全性的因素主要是:食品包装材料(容器)生产不规范,部分食品包装生产企业对包装材料的卫生安全性重视不够:甚至一些小型加工企业非法使用回收的废旧塑料生产食品用包装、容器和工具;国家食品包装相关标准、法规不健全,监管缺乏技术支撑, 相似文献
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欧盟建立了统一的食品包装材料法规体系,其目的是既要保护消费者的健康,又要消除不必要的贸易技术壁垒.欧盟食品包装材料的管理包括框架法规、特殊法规和单独法规3种.框架法规规定了对食品包装材料管理的一般原则,特殊法规规定了框架法规中列举的每一类物质的特殊要求,单独法规是针对单独的某一种物质所做的特殊规定. 相似文献
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近年来由于食品安全法规的不断完善,以及市场对食品包装卫生性的要求越来越高,从而不断推动着符合FDA检测标准的新材料和高科技材料的发展。这不仅有利于提高食品包装的技术含量,同时也有利于促进食品安全的进步。 相似文献
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一、引言
食品包装作为食品不可分割的重要组成部分,与消费者身体健康息息相关,欧盟、美国、日本等国家均对食品接触的包装材料中有机化合物安全性评价、使用比例和残留等做出相应规定,以防止食品化学污染事故的发生。尽管我国已有相关食品包装标准,但与发达国家相比仍存在较大差距,现有食品包装标准不能从根本上满足我国进出口食品包装材料安全卫生管理需求。 相似文献
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一、引言
食品包装作为食品不可分割的重要组成部分,与消费者身体健康息息相关,欧盟、美国、日本等国家均对食品接触的包装材料中有机化合物安全性评价、使用比例和残留等做出相应规定,以防止食品化学污染事故的发生.尽管我国已有相关食品包装标准,但与发达国家相比仍存在较大差距,现有食品包装标准不能从根本上满足我国进出口食品包装材料安全卫生管理需求. 相似文献
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Claudia Gabriele Philipp 《History of Photography》2013,37(1):76-81
Abstract The Photographic Collection of the Arts and Crafts Museum in Hamburg was initiated by Wilhelm Weimar at the turn of the century. He started by collecting daguerreotypes. 1 This probably was the first time that photography became the subject of scientific research and part of a museum collection.2 相似文献
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M. Allouard L. M. Vardavoulias A. Thorel M. Jeandin 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》1995,10(5):1093-1099
Diamond-like-carbon (D.L.C.) films are characterized by a low friction coefficient, a high wear resistance and a high corrosion resistance. D.L.C. films can be obtained by P.V.D., C.V.D. and duplex techniques with solid or gaseous precursors. Depending on the processing, hydrogen concentration ranges between 0 and 60%
In this study, hydrogenated D.L.C. has been deposited with a radio frequency system (13.56 MHz) onto a steel substrate. Wear was studied by pin-on-disc testing at room temperature with an alumina counterpart. Interrupted tests were carried out to go into wear mechanisms. Debris were collected after various given sliding times for transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.) in addition to scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) applied to the wear tracks. 相似文献
In this study, hydrogenated D.L.C. has been deposited with a radio frequency system (13.56 MHz) onto a steel substrate. Wear was studied by pin-on-disc testing at room temperature with an alumina counterpart. Interrupted tests were carried out to go into wear mechanisms. Debris were collected after various given sliding times for transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.) in addition to scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) applied to the wear tracks. 相似文献
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Tantalum films have been deposited on both glass and Ta2O5-coated substrates by r.f. sputtering. The structure, resistivity ρ and temperature coefficient of resistance TCR of films sputtered in pure argon or reactively in Ar-O2 or Ar-N2 have been determined. In pure argon on sufficiently preheated substrates a very pure b.c.c. Ta phase (α∗-Ta), with ρ∼25 μΩ cm and TCR∼1500 ppm/°C, is formed. Sputtering on substrates which are only slightly preheated or are heated solely by the sputtering process yields a tetragonal Ta phase (β-Ta) with ρ∼165 μΩ cm and TCR∼-160 ppm/°C. With added oxygen the β−Ta phase is produced over the whole partial pressure range investigated. Low partial pressures of nitrogen lead to β-Ta. At higher nitrogen partial pressures b.c.c. Ta (α-Ta) with ρ∼50 μΩ cm and TCR∼650 ppm/°C is formed and finally the plateau region is observed. 相似文献
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