基于铜套线圈加热器的管道热丝TIG焊模拟技术研究

利用铜套线圈加热器、温控器等元件对自动TIG焊设备进行热丝改造；通过表面熔敷堆焊试验研究了热丝温度、温控器加热温度及热丝速度之间的关系，并建立了热丝速度与温控器加热温度之间的一元化温控模型；通过数值模拟技术及热丝TIG管道坡口对接试验，研究了冷丝TIG打底+热丝TIG填充、盖面组合焊中温度场、应力场的分布及焊缝的力学性能。结果表明，应用铜套线圈加热器装置及一元化温控模型可快捷、高效地通过调节送丝速度实现热丝的恒温控制，操作方便；采用冷丝打底+热丝填充、盖面组合焊方法，焊接接头的力学性能优良，满足使用要求。     

基于热传导的热丝TIG焊接技术

基于热传导方式构建热丝TIG焊接装备,建立热丝温控数学模型,并验证此温控数学模型在一定送丝速度区间内能够将焊丝温度维持在220℃,误差范围±5℃。开展220℃热丝TIG焊与普通TIG焊的对比试验。结果表明:基于热传导的热丝TIG焊能够改善焊接成形,提高送丝速度和焊接速度。在获得质量接近的焊接成形时,由于热丝TIG焊焊丝对电弧的激冷作用较小,因而220℃热丝TIG焊的打底焊接效率较普通TIG焊提高了约100%,填充盖面焊接效率提高了约200%。此外,在获得质量接近的焊接成形时,其焊缝区显微组织较普通TIG焊的更为细小,焊缝区硬度略高于普通TIG,两种焊接接头力学性能良好,断裂位置均在ASTM A106钢母材。     

电弧热丝TIG焊工艺特点分析

介绍了一种电弧热丝TIG焊方法，在焊接时采用电弧对紫铜焊丝进行预热后，再将焊丝堆焊在20钢板上，焊接时在保证焊接电弧能量不变的同时，分别考查了焊丝温度升高与热丝电流之间的关系；焊丝温度升高与送丝速度之间的关系。试验表明，焊丝的温度随热丝电流的升高而升高，随送丝速度的升高而降低。并证实了热丝焊接技术可以提高钨极氩弧焊在堆焊时的熔敷速度，是一种高效的堆焊方法。     

热丝TIG焊机器人送丝系统设计

送丝系统是TIG焊机器人系统的重要组成部分.传统送丝系统多采用电气控制,定位精度低且难以实现数字化控制.为了配合TIG焊机器人的应用,本文设计了一款基于PIC单片机的热丝TIG焊机器人送丝系统.实现了送丝速度在0.4～4 m/min范围可调,同时实现了送丝控制系统与机器人的自由通讯并能接受机器人的管理.     

2219铝合金复合热源焊接工艺及接头性能

采用填丝TIG焊、激光辅助TIG复合焊、激光-高频脉冲TIG复合焊三种焊接工艺进行6 mm厚的2219铝合金焊接试验,研究了焊接工艺与接头组织和性能的相关性.结果表明,与填丝TIG焊接工艺相比,激光辅助TIG复合焊、激光-高频脉冲TIG复合焊两种复合热源焊接工艺提高了焊接速度,显著减少了热输入,细化了焊缝组织,减少了晶...     

单电源脉冲热丝TIG焊的研究

介绍了单电源脉冲热丝TIG弧焊电源,在主电路中,焊接电源与热丝电源共用一个电源,采用.80C196KC单片机作为控制系统核心.根据单电源脉冲热丝TIG弧焊电源的特点,设计了焊丝加热试验,即分S'I对焊丝进行直流、脉冲加热,利用所得到的参数模拟热丝TIG焊接时的焊丝加热过程,从而验证参数的合理性;最后通过对不锈钢板进行低频脉冲热丝TIG焊堆焊试验,证明了试验参数有很好的适用性.     

考虑热损失的热丝TIG焊热丝温度分布解析模型

基于能量守恒定律建立了考虑热损失的电阻加热热丝温度分布的数学解析模型,验证了此解析模型的计算结果与文献中的实测数据的基本吻合性,并讨论了焊丝直径、热丝电流、送丝速度以及焊丝伸出长度等因素对热丝温度分布的影响规律．结果表明,此数学解析模型具有很高的准确性,可以用来进行热丝加热过程的分析以及焊接质量的控制;焊丝直径越小、热丝电流越大、送丝速度越小,焊丝伸出部分上距给电点相同距离的温度越高;焊丝伸出长度越大,焊丝伸出部分距焊丝送入位置相同距离的温度越高．     

TTP TIG焊接新技术及其在轨道车辆中的应用展望

TIP TIG焊是由Ing.Siegfried Plash于1999年开发的专利技术。在此对该焊接新技术的工作原理、工艺特点及应用现状进行概述,并展望了其在轨道客车行业中的应用前景。该技术核心是在常规TIG焊基础上增加了高频振动的自动送丝机构,使向前送给的焊丝同时具备了高频线性振动功能,增加了熔敷速率及焊接速度,减少了热输入量,有利于控制焊接变形。同时高频振动的焊丝对焊接熔池产生了强有力的搅动作用,改善了焊缝金属的冶金效果,减少了气孔、夹杂等缺陷,进而提升焊接质量。最终使其表现出TIG优质、MIG高效的技术特点。     

焊接工艺参数对仰焊MAG堆焊成形的影响

以ER50-6碳钢焊丝作为堆焊焊丝,在Q235B基板上进行仰焊MAG堆焊试验。通过单因素法研究了送丝速度、焊接速度和焊丝伸出长度3个主要焊接工艺参数对仰焊单道焊缝熔宽和余高的影响,分析了不同焊接工艺参数下焊缝出现驼峰缺陷的原因。基于此,对仰焊单道多层堆焊提出了堆焊策略,即减小热输入、减少熔池冷却时间和熔池扰动。在此基础上,进行了仰焊单道多层连续堆焊10层成形,并进行了拉伸测试。结果表明,在送丝速度3.5 m/min、焊接速度0.25 m/min、焊丝伸出长度6 mm的焊接工艺参数下,成形质量相对稳定,抗拉强度达到518 MPa,能满足一些对精度要求不高的零件的使用要求,验证了所提出的仰焊单道多层堆焊策略的可行性,为仰焊堆焊成形零件焊接工艺参数的选择提供了参考。     

直流双脉冲MIG焊对5A06铝合金焊缝组织和性能的影响

针对5A06铝合金薄板采用传统TIG和MIG焊接工艺时出现焊接效率低、接头性能难以满足使用要求的问题,采用直流双脉冲MIG焊对5A06铝合金平板试样进行焊接试验。利用拉伸试验机、扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜等实验设备研究直流双脉冲MIG焊工艺对5A06铝合金焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当送丝速度为5 m/min、焊接速度为50 cm/min,脉冲频率为3 Hz、气体流量为25 L/min、焊丝干伸长为12 mm时,获得了美观的鱼鳞纹焊缝表面,焊缝区为大量细小的等轴晶组织,而且焊缝横截面气孔较少。焊接接头具有较好的抗拉性能,焊接强度系数达到90%以上。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。