机械合金化制备Zr_(50)Cu_(40)Al_(10)非晶合金粉末及其晶化研究

以金属Zr、Cu和Al为原料,通过真空熔炼和气体雾化制备Zr-Cu-Al合金粉末,再经高能球磨得到Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金粉末。采用氮/氧分析仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热分析仪(DSC)对其非晶形成能力及晶化行为进行研究。结果表明,球磨120h后可获得Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金粉末,且随球磨时间增加,粉末的颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,90h后达到亚微米级。球磨过程中由于铁的增加,使合金的结构"混乱度"增加、负混合热增大,因而热稳定性增强,其过冷区间ΔTx为62K,约为雾化法制备的非晶合金粉末的2倍。此外,采用非等温晶化方法,用KISSINGER方程计算出机械合金化Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金的玻璃转变和初始晶化的表观激活能分别为152.6kJ/mol和172.4kJ/mol,远小于相应的气体雾化法制备的Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金粉末表观激活能,其原因是粉末中氧含量和体系自由能较高。     

机械合金化制备Zr50Cu40Ai10非晶合金粉末及其晶化研究

以金属Zr、Cu和Al为原料,通过真空熔炼和气体雾化制备Zr-Cu-Al合金粉末,再经高能球磨得到Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金粉末。采用氮/氧分析仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热分析仪(DSC)对其非晶形成能力及晶化行为进行研究。结果表明,球磨120h后可获得Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金粉末,且随球磨时间增加,粉末的颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,90h后达到亚微米级。球磨过程中由于铁的增加,使合金的结构"混乱度"增加、负混合热增大,因而热稳定性增强,其过冷区间ΔTx为62K,约为雾化法制备的非晶合金粉末的2倍。此外,采用非等温晶化方法,用KISSINGER方程计算出机械合金化Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金的玻璃转变和初始晶化的表观激活能分别为152.6kJ/mol和172.4kJ/mol,远小于相应的气体雾化法制备的Zr50Cu40Al10非晶合金粉末表观激活能,其原因是粉末中氧含量和体系自由能较高。     

锆基大块非晶合金的非等温晶化动力学效应

采用非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了锆基非晶合金Zr60Al15Ni25、Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15的晶化动力学.结果显示,随着升温速率的加快,这两种非晶合金的特征温度Tg、Tx、Tp均向高温区移动,且过冷液相区逐渐加宽,表明非晶合金的玻璃化转变和晶化均具有动力学效应.分别采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算各非晶合金的激活能,两种方法的计算结果相近.从激活能数据得出,两种锆基非晶合金的热稳定性均较强;与非晶合金Zr60Al15Ni25相比,Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15虽较难形成玻璃化转变和开始晶化,但其晶化一旦开始则随后的过程反而更容易进行.     

机械合金化制备Fe-Co系非晶合金

在高纯氩气保护下采用高能球磨法对原子组成为Fe44Co44Zr3.5Nb3.5B4Cu1的混合粉末进行机械合金化(MA)实验,成功地制取了非晶合金粉末.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差热分析(DTA)对其进行测试,结果表明:Fe-Co系的混合粉末在MA过程中,通过原子之间的相互固溶、扩散可形成非晶态.此非晶合金的形成是晶粒细化、球磨过程中的缺陷、应力和致密堆垛结构等多种因素综合作用的结果,这与机械合金化的合成机理之一的扩散型机制相吻合.用非晶化的热力学条件判据和动力学条件判据对此合金进行计算,其结果也表明此合金已非晶化.     

机械合金化Ti/Al合金的制备

采用多维摆动式球磨机机械合金化Ti/Al二元粉末,研究了机械合金化过程中粉末结构的变化。Ti/Al混合粉末经高能球磨后,颗粒尺寸下降,Ti、Al晶粒各自逐渐细化至纳米级尺寸,且部分形成非晶,球磨15h后发现了TiAl和Ti3Al金属间化合物。将机械合金化后的粉末进行放电等离子烧结,烧结试样的组成相主要为TiAl和Ti3Al。     

Zr55Al10Ni5CU30大块非晶合金的研究进展

概述了Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30非晶合金的制备方法及各种方法的特点，并在此基础上介绍了Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30的组织与性能及其晶化过程。     

机械合金化制备Co80Zr20非晶合金粉末

采用行星式高能球磨机，通过室温下球磨纯元素混合粉末制备出原子数分数比为Co80Zr20的非晶合金粉末。应用X射线衍射（XRD）、差示扫描量热分析仪（DSC）、扫描电镜及透射电镜对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行了研究。结果发现，球磨时间对混合粉末的结构及颗粒形貌存在显著影响。原始混合粉末由密排六方的β-Co和α—Zr组成，经过0．5h球磨，β—Co转变为同素异构的面心立方的α—Co，随着球磨时间的增加，Co、Zr颗粒都发生严重塑性变形，并且通过冷焊团聚起来，形成具有层状结构的复合颗粒。球磨导致基体元素Co品格中的晶体缺陷密度大大增加，使得合金元素Zr原子向Co品格中扩散迁移，扩散迁移到Co晶格中的Zr原子数量随球磨时间的增加而增加，导致Co元素的品格常数单调增大。当球磨时间达到8h时，形成Co80Zr20固溶体，继续球磨至10～20h，固溶体转变为非晶。球磨20h得到的非晶粉末的玻璃化转变温度为759K，它可以在840K通过单一放热过程或者继续球磨至40h而发生晶化反应，这两种不同晶化工艺所得到的晶化产物完全相同，均为面心立方的Co23Zr6。     

高能球磨制备Zr-V纳米粉末

将初始Zr粉和V粉按一定比例混合 ,用高能球磨设备制备Zr V纳米粉末 ,利用XRD和SEM及TEM研究研磨过程中粉末的物相及粒度变化。结果表明 ,粉末的晶粒尺寸随研磨时间的增加而减少 ,适当增加转速 ,可以缩短晶粒细化时间 ;通过高能球磨可以制备出粉末晶粒尺寸在 10nm左右 ,粉末颗粒尺寸在 6nm左右的Zr V混合粉末     

激光功率对SLM制备非晶合金成形及晶化的影响

非晶合金以其独特的原子排列和优异的性能引起人们的广泛关注,但由于尺寸、晶化等问题严重限制了实际工程中的应用,激光增材制造技术具有高升温-冷却速率和逐点熔融沉积的特点,为制备非晶合金提供了新思路.本文采用选择性激光熔融成型技术制备Zr50Ti5Cu27Ni10Al8非晶合金.对制备出的样品的成分和组织结构进行了表征.结果...     

机械合金化制备(Fe_(0.6)Co_(0.1)Ni_(0.3))_(70)Zr_6B_(11)Si_(13)非晶粉末的研究

采用机械合金化制备成分配比为(Fe0.6Co0.1Ni0.3)70Zr6B11Si13的非晶粉末。利用XRD、SEM、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了球磨时间对粉末相组织、粉末形貌及热行为的影响。实验结果表明,在球磨初期,粉末颗粒较大并形成了α-Fe固溶体。随着球磨时间的增加,粉末颗粒逐渐变小,更多的元素融入α-Fe固溶体中,导致固溶体的自由能增加,最终形成了非晶粉末。球磨80 h后非晶相含量最高,粉末呈近球状。     

铜模吸铸与高能球磨制备Zr46Cu46Al8非晶合金的组织结构及晶化动力学研究

采用铜模吸铸法制备出直径3 mm的Zr₄₆Cu₄₆Al₈块体非晶合金, 利用高能球磨法获得了不同粒径的合金粉体, 通过X射线衍射仪、示差扫描量热仪、扫描电镜等测试手段及热力学计算方法, 研究了制备方法对非晶合金组织结构及晶化动力学的影响。结果表明, 块体合金和粉体合金均可获得完全非晶结构; 块体非晶合金玻璃转变和晶化过程具有明显的动力学效应; 单因素变量法制备非晶粉体的最佳参数为: 转速300 r·min-1, 球料比30:1, 球磨时间15 h; 相同条件下, 除过冷液相区外, 块体非晶合金热力学参数普遍高于非晶粉体, 且晶化放热更剧烈; 随着加热速率增大, 二者热力学参数均向高温区移动, 过冷液相区的宽度也逐渐增加; 块体非晶合金和非晶粉体的特征温度表观激活能数值相近, 块体非晶态合金的表观激活能较非晶粉体高, 热稳定性更优。     

Zr_(55)Al_(10)Ni_5Cu_(30)非晶态合金的制备与性能研究

采用石墨坩埚浇铸法在真空中频感应熔炼炉中制备Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30合金,并对合金进行了金相、X射线衍射和显微硬度的测试,考察原料纯度、过热度及冷却速率对非晶态合金性能的影响。结果表明,采用工业级原料就可以制备出性能良好的非晶态合金,在低的冷却速率下形成的非晶态合金具有相对较高的硬度,适当提高过热度可以减少微晶的形成。     

球磨参数对Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9产物微观结构的影响

研究了机械合金化法制备Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9非晶先驱体的可行性,测试了不同球磨参数对Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9球磨产物微观结构的影响。试验结果表明:转速、球磨时间、球磨方式、球料比和原料对产物的微观结构有明显的影响。高转速、连续球磨更有利于生成Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9非晶相;使用Fe Nb粉和Fe B粉分别代替Nb粉和B粉不利于非晶相的生成;延长球磨时间不一定对非晶化有利,还有可能引入杂质;大的球料比更有利于非晶相的生成。     

机械合金化FeCuNiSnCo粉末的制备及其胎体材料物理性能研究

采用机械合金化法制备了Fe基预合金粉（FeCuNiSnCo粉末）,通过热压烧结制备胎体材料,对制备的Fe基预合金粉末及其胎体性能进行表征,利用正交实验研究了球料比、球磨转速、液固比、球磨时间等对粉末松装密度和胎体材料硬度、抗弯强度的影响,确定最优工艺,并对胎体材料显微组织进行观察。结果表明:在球磨过程中,粉末颗粒经过重组、变形、破碎和合金化,粉末形貌发生了改变,影响了粉末松装密度;球磨转速和球料比是影响胎体材料硬度和强度的主要因素;综合分析最佳工艺参数为:球磨时间6 h,球磨转速400 r·min-1,球料比4:1,液固比0.5:1.0。     

Structure of mechanically alloyed Ti-Al-Nb powders

Ti-Al-Nb ternary powder mixtures containing 24Al-11Nb, 25Al-25Nb, 37.5Al-12.5Nb, and 28.5Al-23.9Nb (at. pct) were mechanically alloyed in a SPEX 8000 mixer mill using a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. The structural evolution in these alloys was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. A solid solution of Al and Nb in Ti was formed at an early stage of milling, followed by the B2/body-centered cubic (bec) and amorphous phases at longer milling times. The stability of these phases and their transformation to other phases have been investigated by heat treating these powders at different temperatures. The B2/bcc phase transformed into an orthorhombic (O-Ti₂AlNb) or a mixture of the orthorhombic (O) and hexagonal close-packed (α₂-Ti₃Al) phases, the proportion of phases being dependent on the powder composition. Milling beyond the amorphous phase formation resulted in the formation of an fee phase in all the powders, which appears to be TiN, formed as a result of contamination of the powder. Formerly Graduate Student, University of Idaho     

A study on the microstructural evolution of Al-25 at. pct V-12.5 at. pct M (M = Cu,Ni, Mn) powders by planetary ball milling

The alloying behavior of Al-25 at. pct V-12.5 at. pct M (M = Cu, Ni, Mn) by planetary ball milling of elemental powders hours as been investigated in this study. In Al₃V binary system, an amorphous phase was produced after 6 hours and the amorphous phase was mechanically crystallized after 20 hours. The large difference in the diffusivities between Al and V atoms in Al matrix results in the formation of the amorphous phase when the homogeneous distribution of all the elements in a powder was achieved at 6 hours. According to thermal analyses, the amorphous phase in the binary Al₃V was crystallized at 350 °C. The addition of ternary elements (Cu, Ni, Mn) increased the activation energy for the crystallization to D0₂₂ phase by interfering with the diffusion process. Therefore, ternary element addition improved the thermal stability of the amorphous structures. The amorphous phase in the 12.5 at. pct Ni added Al₃V was crystallized to D0₂₂ phase at 540 °C. The mechanical crystallization of the amorphous phase in the ternary element-added Al-V system either occurred later or was not observed during ball milling up to 100 hours. It is thought that the amorphous intermetallic compacts could be produced more easily in ternary element-added alloys by using an advanced consolidation method.     

Strain Energy During Mechanical Milling: Part II. Experimental

The strain energy stored in mechanically milled 5083?Al powders was investigated using two experimental approaches: thermal and microstructural analysis. The experimental results show that mechanically milled 5083?Al powders store strain energy on the order of a few tens of joules per gram. These experimental results are consistent with the calculated strain energy stored in mechanically milled powders. The experimentally measured strain energy stored in powders increases with an increase in attritor diameter, impeller??s rotational frequency, and ball-to-powder mass ratio; however, it decreases with an increase in ball diameter. These trends were in good agreement with the calculated strain energy stored in powders as a function of the corresponding processing parameters.     

Microstructural studies of W – Cu nanostructured precursor composite powders prepared by mechanical alloying

Abstract

The present work reported the fabrication of the W–Cu nanocomposite precursor powders via high energy ball milling. The W–25 wt-%CuO powders were taken as the raw materials, and the following process condition was used: ball to powder weight ratio of 20 : 1, the rotation speed of 500 rev min^&minus1, the milling time of 15–45 min and 1–40 h, and the mode of milling 10 min, air cooling 30 min. The phase and microstructure of the as milled powders with variation of milling time was investigated, using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The experiment results show that the nanocomposite powders can be successfully synthesised by mechanical alloying using a short time of 1 h. During the ball milling, CuO powders were reduced by W, and a portion of the W powders were oxidised into WO_x (x=2 to 3). The possible mechanism of the reaction was detected.     

Structural evolution in mechanically alloyed Al-Fe powders

The structural evolution in mechanically alloyed binary aluminum-iron powder mixtures containing 1, 4, 7.3, 10.7, and 25 at. pct Fe was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopic techniques. The constitution (number and identity of phases present), microstructure (crystal size, particle size), and transformation behavior of the powders on annealing were studied. The solid solubility of Fe in Al has been extended up to at least 4.5 at. pct, which is close to that observed using rapid solidification (RS) (4.4 at. pct), compared with the equilibrium value of 0.025 at. pct Fe at room temperature. Nanometer-sized grains were observed in as-milled crystalline powders in all compositions. Increasing the ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR) resulted in a faster rate of decrease of crystal size. A fully amorphous phase was obtained in the Al-25 at. pct Fe composition, and a mixed amorphous phase plus solid solution of Fe in Al was developed in the Al-10.7 at. pct Fe alloy, agreeing well with the predictions made using the semiempirical Miedema model. Heat treatment of the mechanically alloyed powders containing the supersaturated solid solution or the amorphous phase resulted in the formation of the Al₃Fe intermetallic in all but the Al-25 at. pct Fe powders. In the Al-25 at. pct Fe powder, formation of nanocrystalline Al₅Fe₂ was observed directly by milling. Electron microscope studies of the shock-consolidated mechanically alloyed Al-10.7 and 25 at. pct Fe powders indicated that nanometer-sized grains were retained after compaction.