960 MPa高强度钢材轴心受压构件局部稳定试验研究

针对960 MPa高强度钢材轴心受压构件的局部稳定性能,对4个箱形截面试件和4个工字形截面试件进行了轴心受压试验。分析了试件的局部稳定性能,并将试验结果与我国、美国和欧洲钢结构设计规范的相应设计计算结果进行了对比分析,研究各国规范对960 MPa高强度钢材轴心受压构件局部稳定性能设计计算的适用性。研究结果表明:当构件的板件宽厚比相同时,960 MPa高强度钢材构件的局部屈曲后强度要大于460 MPa高强度钢材构件,960 MPa高强度钢材构件应考虑钢材的屈曲后强度;我国现行钢结构设计规范中关于轴心受压构件局部屈曲应力的计算结果不适用于960 MPa高强度钢材构件;在试验钢材板件宽厚比范围内,960 MPa高强度钢材构件的局部屈曲承载力,采用美国规范和欧洲规范的设计计算结果较为准确。     

各国规范轴心受压构件相关稳定设计方法对比分析

钢结构轴心受压构件在板件宽厚比超过一定范围时会发生整体局部相关失稳。介绍美国、欧洲、中国和英国4种钢结构设计规范中关于轴心受压构件相关稳定的设计方法,并以焊接工字型截面轴心受压构件为例对各种规范的设计方法进行对比分析。美国钢结构设计规范通过引入屈曲折减系数Q对强度进行折减的方法考虑板件局部屈曲的影响,欧洲和英国钢结构设计规范均采用有效截面面积考虑板件的局部屈曲,并对构件长细比进行一定程度的折减。我国钢结构设计规范对于轴心受压构件相关稳定的设计方法仍需进一步研究和完善。     

460MPa级高强度钢材工字形截面轴心受压柱局部稳定有限元分析和设计方法研究

为研究标准屈服强度为460 MPa的高强度钢材工字形截面轴心受压柱的局部稳定受力性能,采用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立有限元模型,考虑残余应力和局部初始几何缺陷的影响,与已有的460 MPa高强度钢材工字形截面轴心受压柱试验进行对比分析,验证了有限元建模方法的正确性。利用经过验证的有限元模型,针对460 MPa高强度钢材工字形截面轴心受压柱的局部屈曲性能进行有限元参数分析,并将已有试验结果、有限元参数分析结果,与中国、美国和欧洲钢结构设计规范中的设计曲线进行对比,提出新的设计公式。结果表明:钢板厚度、钢板长宽比、局部初始几何缺陷幅值和残余压应力值对构件翼缘极限承载力的影响很小,但对翼缘局部屈曲承载力有较大影响;所提出的建议设计计算公式相对于中国、美国和欧洲钢结构设计规范中的设计计算方法,更加适用于460 MPa工字形截面轴心受压柱极限应力和局部屈曲应力的设计计算。     

高强度钢材轴心受压构件的受力性能

介绍了高强度钢材在实际工程中的应用状况,基于高强度钢材焊接截面钢柱轴心受压试验结果,给出了高强度钢材焊接箱形和焊接I形截面的残余应力分布,并结合多个国家的钢结构设计规范对试验结果进行了分析计算、讨论和比较,对高强度钢材焊接截面轴心受压构件整体稳定和局部稳定受力性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,焊接箱形和焊接I形(绕弱轴,翼缘为焰切边)两种截面(板厚<40mm)的高强度钢材(屈服强度690MPa)轴心受压构件的整体稳定系数高于普通钢材钢构件,可以划分为b类截面;而翼缘的局部稳定性能没有明显提高,翼缘宽厚比限值仍可采用我国现行钢结构规范的规定值。     

高强度钢材箱形截面轴心受压短柱局部稳定试验研究

针对高强度钢材焊接箱形截面柱的局部稳定受力性能,对4个Q460钢材等边箱形短柱进行轴心受压试验。根据试验结果分析试件的局部屈曲应力、极限应力随板件宽厚比的变化规律,并将试件的局部屈曲应力、极限应力与我国、美国、欧洲钢结构设计规范以及陈绍蕃建议的相应设计方法和计算公式进行对比分析。结果表明,钢板的宽厚比越大,试件截面的利用率越低,局部屈曲后强度越富余;我国钢结构设计规范中对于试件的局部屈曲应力的计算公式不适用于等边箱形短柱;对于等边箱形短柱的极限应力,美国、欧洲钢结构设计规范和陈绍蕃建议的设计方法的计算结果较为接近,且均略高于试验结果,这3种设计方法都是可行的。进一步修改已有的计算公式,以适用于计算Q460高强度钢材等边箱形短柱的局部屈曲应力;建议采用陈绍蕃建议的设计方法,并进一步修改欧洲钢结构设计规范的计算公式,以适用于计算Q460高强度钢材等边箱形短柱的极限应力。     

高强度钢材工字形截面轴心受压短柱局部稳定试验研究

针对高强度钢材焊接工字形截面轴心受压短柱的局部稳定性能,对9个Q460C工字形截面短柱进行轴心受压试验,分析试件局部屈曲应力、极限应力随板件宽厚比的变化规律,研究翼缘、腹板嵌固系数的取值。此外,将屈曲应力、极限应力试验结果与我国、美国和欧洲钢结构设计规范的相应设计计算结果进行对比分析,研究相应规范对于高强度钢材的适用性。结果表明：翼缘的嵌固系数可取为定值1.0,腹板的嵌固系数不宜取为定值;GB 50017-2003《钢结构设计规范》中关于高强度钢材工字形截面短柱的局部屈曲应力的计算结果是不合理的;AISC 360-05规范的极限应力计算值误差较大,但偏于保守;Eurocode 3规范的极限应力计算值与试验值较为接近,但大部分计算结果较试验值偏大。为此,建议提出新的公式计算工字形截面短柱的局部屈曲应力,而对Eurocode 3规范关于工字形截面短柱的极限应力计算公式进行修正,使其能适用于Q460C高强度钢材。     

端部带约束的超高强度钢材受压构件整体稳定受力性能

高强度钢材(屈服强度≥460MPa)已经在国内外多个钢结构实际工程中得到应用,但关于其受压构件整体稳定性的研究还很少,特别是屈服强度超过690MPa的超高强度钢材。针对两种超高强度钢材S690和S960(名义屈服强度分别为690MPa和960MPa),进行了端部带约束的受压构件整体稳定受力性能的试验研究,试验共包括8个试件。基于试验结果,分析该类钢材构件的失稳破坏形态和屈曲承载力,利用经过验证的有限元模型计算其整体稳定系数,并与欧洲规范和我国规范的柱子曲线进行对比分析。结果表明,超高强度钢材受压构件整体稳定系数的试验值要明显高于其所在的b类柱子曲线,甚至比欧洲规范的a0类柱子曲线和我国规范的a类柱子曲线还要高出很多。这说明超高强度钢材受压柱的屈曲强度较普通强度钢材的屈曲强度有明显提高。这些试验研究和有限元分析成果为完善我国超高强度钢材的稳定设计方法和设计理论提供了重要的试验依据和前提条件,并有利于超高强度钢材在我国钢结构工程中得到更广泛的应用和发展。     

高强度等边角钢轴心受压局部稳定的有限元分析和设计方法研究

随着钢结构的发展,高强度热轧等边角钢在钢结构中的应用逐渐增多,如输电铁塔和大跨度桁架等。然而由于强度的提高,较多数量角钢截面的等效宽厚比超过规范的限值,不满足局部稳定的要求。我国现行规范尚未对这一问题给出明确规定。运用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立有限元模型,准确模拟构件的残余应力和几何初始缺陷,对15个高强度热轧等边角钢轴心受压构件的局部稳定受力性能进行有限元分析,并与相应的试验结果进行对比。比较结果表明,建立的有限元模型能够准确模拟几何初始缺陷和残余应力对构件局部稳定受力性能的影响,从而准确地分析计算高强度热轧等边角钢轴心受压构件的局部稳定受力性能。利用已验证的有限元模型,对高强度热轧等边角钢轴心受压构件的局部稳定受力性能进行有限元参数分析,并与美国规范和欧洲规范的设计方法进行对比。结果得到:几何初始缺陷和残余应力对于高强度热轧等边角钢轴心受压构件局部稳定承载力的影响比普通钢材受压构件小;美国钢结构设计规范能够更准确的计算Q420等边角钢轴心受压构件的局部稳定承载力。     

高强度钢材受弯构件局部稳定设计方法对比

目前,高强度钢材已在建筑结构中得到了推广应用,国内外关于高强度钢材钢结构的研究工作也已逐步开展起来。欧洲和美国的钢结构设计标准已涉及到部分高强度钢材的设计内容,而GB 50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》尚未包含,修订中的新版《钢结构设计规范》计划纳入Q460高强度钢材。通过对比各国设计标准中关于工字形截面受弯构件局部稳定的规定,发现美国标准ANSI/AISC 360-10、欧洲标准BS EN1993-1、日本标准AIJ LSD2010和中国规范GB 50017—2003在设计范围和原则、板件宽厚比限值、腹板屈曲后承载力以及腹板最大高厚比等方面存在着一定差异。最后利用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立四点加载下的工字形截面受弯构件模型,计算不同钢材构件的腹板屈曲后极限承载力,并与各国标准推荐式的计算值进行对比,发现其均不适用于高强度钢材受弯构件局部稳定的计算。     

Q460高强钢焊接箱形截面轴压构件整体稳定性能研究

为研究高强度钢材轴心受压钢柱的整体稳定性能,对5个国产Q460钢材焊接箱形截面柱进行了轴心受压试验研究。试验对试件的几何初弯曲、荷载初偏心以及截面的纵向残余应力分布均进行了测量。基于试验结果,分析了该类钢柱的失稳破坏形态和整体稳定承载力,建立了有限元分析模型并对试验结果进行模拟计算。研究结果表明：试件破坏模态均为整体弯曲失稳形态,大部分试件稳定承载力高于规范设计值;有限元分析模型能够准确地考虑几何初始缺陷和残余应力的影响,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;通过与国内外钢结构设计规范的对比,提出了国产Q460高强钢焊接箱形截面轴压构件整体稳定设计的建议方法,即可以统一采用我国或欧洲规范的b类曲线进行设计,而不需要按板件宽厚比大小进行分类。     

960 MPa高强度钢材轴压构件整体稳定性能试验研究

为研究960 MPa高强度钢材轴压构件的整体稳定性能,对6个焊接工字形和等边箱形截面试件进行了静力试验研究,测量了试件的几何初弯曲、荷载初偏心以及截面残余应力分布等初始缺陷,分析了试件的失稳破坏形态,得到了整体稳定承载力,并与规范设计曲线进行了对比分析。利用试验结果验证了有限元分析模型,并进行参数分析。研究结果表明：试件的破坏模态均为整体弯曲失稳,除两个几何初始缺陷过大的试件外,其他试件的整体稳定系数试验值均明显高于规范设计值;参数分析结果表明,960 MPa钢材焊接截面轴压构件的整体稳定系数较普通钢材显著提高,建议采用GB 50017-2003中的a类柱子曲线设计此类轴压构件,同时拟合了960 MPa高强度钢材的柱子曲线公式。     

Q420等边角钢轴压杆整体稳定性能试验研究

国内大型输电铁塔中已逐步采用Q420高强度角钢。为研究此类高强度等边角钢轴压杆的整体稳定性能,进行了轴压静力试验研究,试验包括60个试件,截面类型选取了在所有热轧角钢截面中板件宽厚比最大的5种。基于试验结果,研究了Q420高强度等边角钢轴心受压柱的失稳破坏形态和极限承载力,通过计算得到其稳定系数,并与现行钢结构设计规范的柱曲线进行了对比,同时分析了板件宽厚比超限对Q420高强度等边角钢轴压柱失稳破坏形态和稳定承载力的影响。结果表明：该类构件以弯扭失稳为主,根据试验实测得到的稳定系数明显高于现行钢结构设计规范所规定的等边角钢所在的b类截面柱曲线,甚至高于a类截面柱曲线。研究为后续的有限元计算和数值参数分析提供了重要的基础数据,为设计方法提供了参考建议。图11表4参17     

Experimental investigation of concrete-filled cold-formed high strength stainless steel tube columns

This paper presents an experimental investigation of concrete-filled cold-formed high strength stainless steel tube columns. The high strength stainless steel tubes had a yield stress and tensile strength up to 536 and 961 MPa, respectively. The behaviour of the columns was investigated using different concrete cylinder strengths varied from 40 to 80 MPa. A series of tests was performed to investigate the effects of the shape of the stainless steel tube, plate thickness and concrete strength on the behaviour and strength of concrete-filled high strength stainless steel tube columns. The high strength stainless steel tubes were cold-rolled into square and rectangular hollow sections. The depth-to-plate thickness ratio of the tube sections varied from 25.7 for compact sections to 55.8 for relatively slender sections. The columns had different lengths so the length-to-depth ratio generally remained at a constant value of 3. The concrete-filled high strength stainless steel tube specimens were subjected to uniform axial compression. The column strengths, load-axial strain relationships and failure modes of the columns were presented. The test strengths were compared with the design strengths calculated using the American specifications and Australian/New Zealand standards that consider the effect of local buckling using an effective width concept in the calculation of the stainless steel tube column strengths. Based on the test results, design recommendations were proposed for concrete-filled high strength stainless steel tube columns.     

Tests and numerical study of ultra-high strength steel columns with end restraints

High strength steels with the nominal yield strength more than 460 MPa have begun to be applied in the construction of many steel structures, but there are short of sound researches on the major axis buckling behavior of such steel welded I-section columns, especially for the ultra-high strength steels having the nominal yield strength more than 690 MPa. In this paper, the experimental research is described on the overall buckling behavior about the major axis of ultra-high strength steel compression I-section columns with end restraints. In this research 8 columns made from 2 kinds of ultra-high strength structural steels S690 and S960, with nominal yield strengths of 690 MPa and 960 MPa, respectively, were tested. Based on the test results, the finite element analysis (FEA) model was validated to analyze this behavior of ultra-high strength steel columns, and the buckling strength of pin-ended columns fabricated from such steels were calculated by the verified FEA model, which were compared with the design buckling strengths according to the Eurocode 3, the American specification for structural steel buildings ANSI/AISC 360–05, and the Chinese codes for steel structures design GB50017-2003 respectively. It shows that the major axis nondimensional buckling strengths of the ultra-high strength steel compression columns, whose buckling curve is type b according to Eurocode 3 and GB50017-2003, are much higher than that calculated according to the column curve b, even higher than the curve a₀ in Eurocode 3 and the curve a in GB50017-2003 on average, and they are also higher than the design values according to ANSI/AISC 360–05. It is therefore indicated that the buckling strength about the major axis of the ultra-high strength steel I-section columns is improved a lot compared with the ordinary strength steel columns on a non-dimensional basis, and the column curve a₀ and curve a can be adopted to design this behavior in Eurocode 3 and GB50017-2003, respectively. Besides, there is no obvious difference between the major axis nondimensional buckling strengths of the pin-ended I-section columns fabricated from these two kinds of ultra-high strength steels: S690 and S960. These research works will provide the test basis to complete the buckling design method and theory of the ultra-high strength steel columns, and also be helpful for the application of ultra-high strength steel structures.     

Compression tests of welded section columns undergoing buckling interaction

This paper describes a series of compression tests performed on welded H-section and channel section columns fabricated from a mild steel plate of thickness 6.0 mm with nominal yield stress of 240 MPa. The ultimate strength and performance of the compression members undergoing nonlinear interaction between local and overall buckling were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The compression tests indicated that the interaction between local and overall buckling had a significant negative effect on the ultimate strength of the thin-walled welded steel section columns. The Direct Strength Method (DSM), which was newly developed and adopted as an alternative to the effective width method for the design of cold-formed steel sections recently by NAS (AISI, 2004), was calibrated by using the test results for application to welded steel sections. This paper confirms that the Direct Strength Method can properly predict the ultimate strength of welded section columns when local buckling and flexural buckling occur simultaneously or nearly simultaneously.     

冷弯薄壁型钢轴压构件畸变与整体相关屈曲承载力计算方法研究

基于我国《冷弯型钢结构技术规范》(征求意见稿)和北美规范及澳洲/新西兰规范中的直接强度法,利用国内外已有的试验数据,计算了60根破坏模式为畸变与整体相关屈曲的轴压试件以及50根破坏模式为畸变屈曲的轴压试件的承载力。通过计算值与试验值的对比分析表明：我国《冷弯型钢结构技术规范》(征求意见稿)中直接强度法所计算的轴压试件畸变与整体相关屈曲的承载力与试验值之比的平均值接近1.0,结果较为理想;计算所得的轴心受压试件畸变屈曲的承载力明显高于试验值,偏于不安全。基于上述结果,对《冷弯型钢结构技术规范》(征求意见稿)中直接强度法计算畸变屈曲的承载力提出了相应建议,即畸变与整体相关屈曲的承载力计算公式和畸变屈曲的承载力计算公式不应统一,应区别对待或给出附加核查条件,在计算畸变半波长度和畸变屈曲的承载力时,采用屈服荷载而非构件整体稳定承载力。     

Experimental investigation of the overall buckling behaviour of 960 MPa high strength steel columns

Investigations of the mechanical performance of high strength steel structures have become a research hotspot in civil and structural engineering, and existing experimental studies of their overall buckling behaviour have hitherto focused mainly on columns fabricated from either 460 MPa or 690 MPa steels. The present study describes an experimental programme including six pin-ended 960 MPa steel columns under axial compression. Both welded I- and box-section specimens are considered. The initial geometric imperfections and cross-sectional residual stresses are reported, with the axial loading, deformation and the strain distributions at the mid-length section being monitored during the testing. The buckling mode is clarified, and the buckling capacity is compared with design results according to current national design codes. Based on the experimental results, a finite element model is described and validated, and then used to perform a large number of parametric studies, considering different cross-sectional dimensions and column slendernesses. It is found that all specimens failed by overall flexural buckling, and the corresponding column curves in current design codes underestimate the dimensionless buckling strength of 960 MPa steel columns. Higher and more adequate column curves are suggested for such columns, and new column curves are proposed based on a non-linear fitting of the parametric results.