甜高梁秆固态发酵制取酒精的研究

甜高粱秆液态发酵中，存在着榨汁难，糖分损失严重等问题。采用固态发酵的方式，进行了甜高粱发酵酒精的研究，确定了发酵过程中发酵时间、接种率、初始pH、营养盐等因素的优化方案。将总糖含量为13％，含水量约80％的甜高粱秆直接绞碎至约0．3cm长，在最佳优化条件下35℃固态发酵24h，酒精的理论产率为0．332g乙醇／g甜高粱秆干料，实际得率为0．298g乙醇／g甜高粱秆干料（达到理论产率的89．8％），生产It酒精需要3．01t的甜高粱秆干料。     

甜高粱秆固态发酵失重与温度的相互关系

利用实验室自行筛选的高效酵母菌株TSH-SC-1,以甜高粱秆为原料进行固态发酵制燃料乙醇,在24 h内总糖转化率为95.6 %,发酵料中残糖浓度为0.45 g/100 g湿料,乙醇得率为理论值的84.9 %.通过计算机实时采集和记录发酵过程中固态物料的温度和重量的数据,并且通过数值求导得到发酵过程中两者变化的速率.结果表明,两者均能够比较一致地反映固态发酵过程的内在变化,因而温度变化的实时数据可以作为过程监控和诊断的依据.另外,由发酵过程温度变化、散热数据和乙醇得率,估算了固态发酵生成每摩尔乙醇的放热量为56 kJ,该数据可以用于固态发酵反应器的工程设计和优化放大.     

甜高粱秸秆发酵菌种的诱变育种及其固态发酵工艺的研究

以耐酒精高活性干酵母为原始出发菌株进行60Co-γ辐射诱变处理,经逐级筛选和300g甜高粱秸秆固态发酵,确定H13为最佳诱变菌种;并对H13菌株的甜高粱秸秆固态发酵工艺进行研究,结果表明,粉碎后的甜高粱秸秆300g,5‰的菌体接种量、68％的基质含水量、36℃条件下发酵60h,乙醇产率达6.4g/100g鲜秸秆.     

区域选择对甜高梁秸秆贮藏的影响

含糖量较高的甜高粱秸秆是燃料乙醇和畜牧饲料理想的生产原料,但甜高梁秸秆在不同客观环境条件下贮藏的性状变化,决定着甜高梁产业化的优势区域和生产工艺方式.考察了北京和内蒙古苏尼特右旗两地的甜高梁秸秆自然贮藏性状变化及含糖量变化情况.结果表明,区域选择的差异,对甜高粱秸秆的贮藏产生较大的影响,总糖约58%(g/g干基)的甜高粱秸秆在低温、干燥的苏尼特右旗全年贮藏的物性变化为:失水、干燥速度快,总糖损失为13%(g/g干基);北京贮藏的甜高粱秸秆总糖损失达25%(g/g干基),霉变现象严重.因此利用优势区域的选择能够使甜高粱秸秆适应产业化全年300天的生产需求.     

甜高粱茎秆及其籽粒固态发酵酒精的研究

以含糖量为11 g/100 g的甜高粱秸秆为原料,采用固态发酵生产乙醇.工艺条件为:秸秆采用揉搓切碎机切至1～2 cm,籽粒粉碎至60目,0.1 MPa灭菌30min,接种10%的酵母种子,28℃静置培养48 h.发酵醅酒精含量为5 g/100 g以上,平均酒精得率87.9%.添加20%籽粒淀粉发酵,发酵后酒精含量达9 g/100 g以上,平均酒精得率89.5%.(孙悟)     

甜高粱茎秆固态发酵生产酒精

研究了水分和营养盐对甜高粱茎秆固态法酒精发酵的影响和固态发酵联产混菌蛋白饲料工艺的可行性.结果表明,以Y-PEG0701为发酵菌株,最适含水量为65%,营养盐的最适添加量分别为(NH4)2SO4 0.3%、KH2PO4 0.15%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.06%.在最适条件下,酒精浓度为7.4%,酒精产率为0.206g/g,转化率为95%.黑曲霉和白地霉混合酒糟残渣发酵后,蛋白饲料的粗蛋白和氨基酸含量均得到了显著的提高.     

促进酵母菌乙醇发酵新方法

在发酵培养基中添加固态基质,研究不同固态基质对酵母菌乙醇发酵的促进作用。结果表明：在培养基中分别添加2g/100mL 的麦秸杆、花生壳、稻壳和锯末,可使发酵液中乙醇质量浓度提高了15.5%～24.8%。在4种不同固态基质中,稻壳对酵母菌乙醇发酵的促进作用最显著。以稻壳作为固态基质,确定了添加固态基质条件下酵母菌乙醇发酵的最适条件为：稻壳2.5g/100mL、初糖12g/100mL、温度30℃、发酵时间48h。在适宜的发酵条件下,发酵液中乙醇质量浓度可达到51.8g/L,为理论产率的92.7%。     

甜高粱秸秆固态发酵生产燃料乙醇的工艺研究

利用选育的耐酸耐高温酵母Q-10,采用甜高粱秸秆固态发酵生产燃料乙醇.当接种量为5%,发酵温度34℃,发酵起始pH4.0,糖化酶和纤维素酶用量分别为50U/g原料和20U/g原料,发酵周期4d时,乙醇体积分数达到6.5%.小试试验乙醇体积分数达到6.4%.工业试验乙醇体积分数达到6.0%.     

玉米酒精的浓醪同步糖化发酵工艺研究

以我国目前玉米酒精生产工艺为基础,通过选择液化[拌料干物浓度(dry solid, DS)、液化pH、液化时间、耐高温α-淀粉酶剂量、液化温度]和同步糖化发酵(葡萄糖淀粉酶剂量、酵母接种量、发酵温度等)等过程主要控制参数建立实验室玉米酒精发酵方法。实验确定液化条件为拌料DS 25%、液化pH 5.6、液化时间120 min、耐高温α-淀粉酶剂量40 U/g、液化温度88℃,此时液化醪黏度(91.2±2.8) mPa·s、还原糖为(11.65±0.03) g/100 g,符合同步发酵玉米酒精的液化指标要求。实验确定同步糖化发酵条件为葡萄糖淀粉酶剂量150 U/g、酵母接种量3%、发酵温度32℃,在该条件下酒精发酵过程稳定,CO₂失重数据最大标准差为0.38,占相应CO₂平均失重仅为2.96%;在发酵成熟醪中乙醇含量为(12.58±0.04) g/100 mL,发酵效率为97.71%,粮酒转化率为2.425 t/t,实验结果符合我国玉米酒精生产的实际情况。因此该方法可以为酒精生产工艺的优化及原辅料的选择提供数据参考。     

甜高粱秸秆固体发酵生产乙醇工艺研究

甜高粱秸秆固体发酵生产乙醇工艺流程为:粉碎后的甜高粱秸秆经过部分蒸料加热后与冷料混匀,使料温达到20℃左右,接种,入池发酵.经过4～5d发酵,发酵温度可从18℃升到40℃左右,糖的利用率可以达到47.6%,蒸馏后酒精度最高达到73%,平均为59%,平均出酒率为48.4kg/t.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press