Isoricinoleic acid inAnnona squamosa seed oil

Annona squamosa seed was found to contain 23% oil, of which 9.8% was a hydroxy acid. After isolation from the other acids using silica gel column chromatography, it was identified as isoricinoleic acid. The fatty acid composition and analytical data on the oil are given.     

Ricinoleic acid inLinum mucronatum seed oil

Linum mucronatum seed oil contains 15% ricinoleic [(+)-12-D-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic] acid, previously unknown in the Linaceae. Identification was made by IR, gas liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, ozonolysis and mass spectrometry. Other major components of the oil are oleic acid (24%) and linoleic acid (48%). No. Market. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA.     

Ricinoleic acid inArtocarpus integrifolia seed oil

Seed oil ofArtocarpus integrifolia syn.Artocarpus heterophyllus belonging to the Moraceae family contains a small amount of ricinoleic acid (7.2%). The identification was made on the basis of TLC, IR, NMR, MS and chemical degradation. The major components of the oil are linoleic acid (40.2% and palmitic acid (30.2%).     

Ximenynic acid inSantalum obtusifolium seed oil

AnalyzingSantalum obtusifolium seed oil led to the identification of 12 fatty acids; only ximenynic (71.5%) and oleic (14.3%) acids were present in substantial amounts. Data on the mass spectrum and¹H- and¹³C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra of methyl ximenynate are given.     

Ricinoleic acid inPhyllanthus niruri seed oil

Seed oil ofPhyllanthus niruri (Euphorbiaceae) contains 1.2% ricinoleic (12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic) acid, previously unknown in the genusPhyllanthus. Identification is based on thin layer and gas liquid chromatography, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry analysis as well as chemical methods. Other major components of the oil are linoleic acid (21%) and linolenic acid (51.4%). Presented at the ISF/AOCS World Congress, April 1980, New York City.     

The eicosenoic acid of cameline seed oil

Summary The eicosenoic acid previously discovered in cameline seed oil (1) was isolated and identified. It melts at 22.5°C. and yields an elaidinated acid melting at 43.5°C. and a dioxy derivative melting at 132°C. By its hydrogenation to arachidic acid and destructive oxidation to undecanedioic acid it was shown to be normal Δ¹¹-eicosenoic acid-1 like the acid in jojoba wax.     

Does margaric acid occur in alfalfa seed oil

The staturated fatty acids of alfalfa seed oil were investigated with the purpose of discovering whether or not the reported existence of a heptadecanoic acid here could be substantiated. By the application of phase rule principles to the analysis of a fraction which constituted approximately 6.3 per cent of the oil, it was found that this fraction was in reality not margaric acid but an equimolecular mixture of palmitic and stearic acids. The presence of these two acids in alfalfa seed oil has not been previously reported. Indications of the presence of myristic acid and higher homolog(s) of stearic acid have been found, although conclusive proof is wanting.     

荞麦籽油的脂肪酸组成与含量分析

通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定荞麦籽油中的脂肪酸含量,用外标法与峰面积归一法进行定量分析。荞麦籽油脂肪酸种类丰富,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中单不饱和脂肪酸为45.10%,多不饱和脂肪酸为32.76%。荞麦籽油中4种脂肪酸含量:油酸亚油酸棕榈酸硬脂酸。     

The oxygenated fatty acid of calendula seed oil

The seed oil ofCalendula officinalis l. contains a monohydroxy acid amounting to some 5% of its component acids. This acid has been isolated and shown to be D-(+)-9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid, probably 10-trans,12-cis. D.S.I.R. Fellow (1963–64) at Brunel College; Unilever Research Fellow (1961–64) at Brunel College;     

Fatty acid variation in seed oil amongOcimum species

Content, fatty acid composition, and glyceride profile of oil from seeds of seven basil (Ocimum sp.) chemotypes were determined. The species studied includedO. basilicum, O. canum, O. gratissimum, andO. sanctum. The oil content ranged from 18 to 26%, with triglycerides comprising between 94 and 98% of extracted neutral lipids. The major acylated fatty acids were linolenic (43.8–64.8%), linoleic (17.8–31.3%), oleic (8.5–13.3%), and palmitic acid (6.1–11.0%). Linolenic acid was similar among the fourO. basilicum chemotypes (57–62%), highest inO. canum (65%), and lowest inO. sanctum (44%). Basil seed oil appears suitable as an edible oil or can be used for industrial purposes, and could be processed in the same way as linseed oil. Preliminary calculations estimate that a hectare of basil could produce from 300 to 400 kg of seed oil.     

Buttonweed seed oil a source of linoleic acid

Summary Buttonweed seeds (Abutilon theophrasti) contain 15 to 17% oil. The oil contains about 58% linoleic acid which may be concentrated by simple fractionation into fractions containing as high as 83% of the acid. This suggests the possible use of the oil as a source of linoleic acid. The seed also has an appreciable sterol content.     

An unusual fatty acid pattern inEranthis seed oil

The current discussion on “renewable resources”, and the possibility of gene transfer into rapeseed, has led to many investigations into the biosynthetic pathways leading to industrially useful fatty acids. The various tribes and genera of the plant familyRanunculaceae contain a large variety of unusual fatty acids. Seed fatty acid patterns differ considerably from genus to genus and are chemotaxonomically significant indicators.Eranthis seed oil has now been found to contain a fatty acid pattern that deviates significantly from the eleven different fatty acid patterns that had been described in this plant family. The main fatty acid (up to 57%) is 13-cis, 16-cis-docosadienoic acid. Other, minor fatty acids found are Δ5-cis-monoenoic,-dienoic, and-trienoic fatty acids that had already been reported to be constituents of the genus-specific seed oil fatty acid patterns of various genera from this plant family. Capillary gas-liquid chromatographic retention data indicate that 22:3Δ5cis, 13cis, 16cis is probably also present. Seed fatty acid chemotaxonomic evidence thus points to a different position ofEranthis within the tribes of this plant family. These findings again indicate that the plant familyRanunculaceae would be an ideal object to study fatty acid biosynthesis and phylogenetic evolution, because in other genera of this family other types of desaturation and chain elongation mechanisms predominate.     

Solvomercuration-Demercuration Studies on Isoricinoleic Acid

Variation in the quantity of sodium borohydride in the demercuration of the mercuric acetate adduct of methyl 9-hydroxyoctadec-12-enoate (isoricinoleate, I) in the presence of ethylene and propylene glycols as the nucleophilic solvents yielded two different products, hydroxy ethers (II-V) and 1,4-and/or 1,5-epoxides (VI). The hydroxy ethers (II-V) on further treatment with methanolic sulphuric acid gave dehydration products (VII-X). The structures of these compounds have been established on the basis of their i. r. and n. m. r. spectral data.     

Vernolic acid intabebuia argentia seed oil: A moderate source of oil

Tabebuia argentia, Britt, Syn.Tkcoma argentia, Burr and Schum, belonging to the Bignoniaceae plant family, contains palmitic (21.7%), stearic (3.8%), oleic (9.8%), linoleic (52.7%), linolenic (3.0%) and vernolic (9.0%) acids. These fatty acids were characterized by infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and chemical degradations. To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

Electrochemical reduction of rubber seed oil to stearic acid

The reduction of rubber seed oil to stearic acid was investigated under potentiostatic conditions in a medium of isopropanol and hydrochloric acid at a pH of 2.0–2.2. The efficiency of reduction was studied on various cathode materials. No reduction was observed on low-hydrogen-overvoltage materials such as platinum and nickel. However, rubber seed oil underwent successful reduction to stearic acid at a monel gauze cathode, which showed high hydrogen overvoltage. The yield was in the region of 70% at a current efficiency of 65%. The final crystalline product showed the presence of 81.5% stearic and oleic acids in contrast to the original oil which contained only 39.3% of these two acids, thus showing the almost complete reduction of linolenic and linoleic acids to stearic acid. The cathode material, the porosity of the ceramic diaphragm, the cathode potential and the pH of the medium were found to be the most critical parameters controlling this reduction process. Studies are now in progress to look into the industrial and economic viability of this conversion.     

Petroselinic acid and nonsaponifiable constituents of parsley seed oil

Selective extraction of parsley seed oil (Petroselinum sativum) facilitates the isolation of myristiein (5-allyl-1-methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxybenzene) and is also useful for the preparation of petroselinic acid from the triglycerides of this oil. Coriander seed oil (Coriandrum sativum) is also a satisfactory source for the isolation of petroselinic acid. Supported in part by PHS Research Grant H-4601 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, and The Hormel Foundation.     

Lipase-catalyzed incorporation of oleic acid into melon seed oil

The ability of lipase PS30 (Pseudomonas sp.) to modify the fatty acid profile of melon seed oil by incorporation of oleic acid (18:1n-9) was investigated. The transesterification was carried out in hexane in an orbital shaking water bath at 55°C for 24 h with methyl oleate (70% pure) as acyl donor. Oleic acid content increased from 13.5% to 53%, and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) content decreased from 65% to 33%. The incorporation of oleic acid into melon seed oil by Pseudomonas sp. lipase helped balance the fatty acid profile of the oil in terms of monounsaturated (18:1n-9) and essential fatty acids (18:2n-6).     

Stereochemistry of α-parinaric acid fromImpatiens edgeworthii seed oil

α-Parinaric acid is a major constituent fatty acid (48%) fromImpatiens edgeworthii Hook F. seed oil. Partial hydrazine reduction of the tetraene gave products which permit defining the stereochemistry of α-parinaric acid. Its structure iscis-9,trans-11,trans-13,cis-15-octadecatetraenoic acid. The tetraene readily reacts with maleic anhydride to give the Diels-Alder product with notrans-unsaturation. The formation of this adduct is contrary to previous reports. Honorable Mention, AOCS Bond Award. Presented at the AOCS meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 1965. No. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

5,11,14—Eicosatrienoic acid in podocarpus nagi seed oil

Eicosatrienoic acid, the unique constituent acid ofPodocarpus nagi seed oil is characterized as all-cis-5,ll,14-eicosatrienoic acid. Bicosadienoic acid found in the same oil is shown to becis,cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid. 1 Issued as NRC No. 7982. 2 National Research Council of Canada Postdoctorate Fellow, 1961-1962.