加氢润滑油基础油结构组成与氧化安定性关系Ⅱ. 加氢润滑油基础油的氧化安定性

利用高压差示扫描法(PDSC)、旋转氧弹法和烘箱氧化法研究了6种不同基属原油生产的加氢润滑油基础油和1种聚α烯烃（PAO-6）的结构组成与氧化安定性关系。结果表明,大庆石蜡基原油和兰州中间基原油生产的加氢润滑油基础油的抗氧化性能较差,氧化后的黏度大幅度上升;黏度指数越高的基础油,其黏度保持能力越强,黏度增加越少;加氢润滑油基础油氧化后的烃组成变化趋势是,饱和烃含量降低,芳香烃和胶质含量增加;轻芳烃的存在对加氢润滑油基础油氧化安定性有负面影响,中芳烃和多芳烃的存在有助于提高加氢润滑油基础油的氧化安定性。     

New Progress in Design and EngineeringDevelopment of Hydrogenation Units3 - Engineering Development and Commercial Application of Lube Oil Hydrogenation Technology

1 Introduction 　　 With the automotive industry embarking on the development route toward high speed, energy conservation,low fuel consumption, low emissions and extended oil condemning limits in the 1990s, better quality lubricant products are needed. The previous approach for improving the performance of lubricant products through adjustment of additive composition can no more meet the demand. Higher requirements for the quality of lube base stocks are raised. These requirements are:(1) higher oxidation stability; (2) better viscosity temperature performance; (3) better low temperature flow property; and (4) excellent shearing stability and antiwear property. In the meantime, the development of industrial technology and stricter environmental and safety requirements have raised their demand for highquality industrial lubricating oils. The quality of mineral lubricating oils made by traditional means of lube technology has been reaching its limits without room for further improvement. In addition the crude oil resources that are suitable for making lube oils are depleting. The lube oil production is forced to opt for the inferior heavy crude, posing a difficult dilemma for the traditional petroleum processing industry.……     

Thermal degradation of synthetic lubricating oils: Part II – Rheological study

The characterization of thermal degradation process of synthetic lubricating oils, in relation to its rheological properties, was evaluated in this work. Analyses of the dependence of synthetic lubricant viscosity on temperature have been carried out. Synthetic lubricants were degraded at different temperatures and times, in air atmosphere. After thermal degradation, synthetic lubricant oils were characterized by rheological measurements. In general, the increase in degradation temperature led to an increase of the lubricants viscosity for some lubricant samples.     

Thermal Degradation Process of Synthetic Lubricating Oils: Part I—Spectroscopic Study

The characterization of thermal degradation process of synthetic lubricating oils in relation to its spectroscopic properties was evaluated in this work. The fundamental key to understanding synthetic lubricating oxidation is having basic knowledge of the chemistry of lubricants and their degradation. Synthetic lubricants were degraded at different temperatures and times, under air atmosphere. After thermal degradation, lubricant oils were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). IR, NMR, and GC/MS spectra indicated oxidation reaction products.     

Thermal degradation of synthetic lubricating oils: Part III – TG and DSC studies

The characterization of thermal degradation process of synthetic lubricating oils, in relation to its thermal and analytical properties, was evaluated in this work. Synthetic lubricants were degraded at different temperatures and times, in air atmosphere. After thermal degradation, lubricant oils were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TG curves indicated a decrease in the temperature of decomposition stability, after degradation. DSC curves indicated a decrease in the peak related to hydrocarbon combustion after degradation. In general, the increase in degradation temperature led to an increase of the lubricants viscosity for some samples.     

不同紫外光照条件下加氢基础油性质变化研究

加氢处理润滑油基础油的一个明显缺点是其光安定性差，即加氢润滑油基础油在有氧条件下通过光照（有时也需加热），油品外观，主要是颜色加深、透明度变差，继而有絮凝物或沉淀生成。对加氢润滑油基础油进行了不同方式光照研究，结果表明：随着光照时间的延长，加氢油的粘度增加、酸值增大、透光率变差，生成沉淀，同时油品的烃组成也发生了变化：饱和烃含量下降，芳香烃、胶质含量增加。沉淀的存在对油品的氧化没有起到加速作用。     

改善中等粘度指数基础油质量的几种方法

针对中间基原油的特点,从油品的结构和组成论述了润滑油的粘度指数、氧化安定性与组成的关系以及采用调合、脱氮、缓和加氢处理工艺来改善中等粘度指数基础油质量的几种方法。其中润滑油缓和加氢处理工艺既能适当提高油品的粘度指数,又能改善其氧化安定性。     

PATTERN RECOGNITION STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON SOME PROPERTIES OF LUBRICATING BASE OILS

The influence of chemical composition of 42 Chinese lubricating base oils on their oxidation stability (ASTM-D2272), viscosity index and pour point depressant susceptibility (T801, 0.1%) with an interactive pattern recognition system was studied. Feasible feature set and satisfactory classification results were obtained.     

无溶剂体系下复合酯类润滑基础油的合成及性能

以三羟甲基丙烷、二元羧酸、单元脂肪酸为原料,在无溶剂条件下合成了三类复合酯类润滑基础油,以庚酸酯类复合酯合成为基础,考察了反应温度、真空度、反应时间和摩尔比例对酯化合成的影响,并对产品物理性能进行了测试分析,结果表明:此复合酯类润滑基础油在黏度指数、闪点、倾点及氧化安定性方面均表现出优良的性能,是一类性能优异的润滑基础油。     

植物油基润滑油基础油多酯衍生物的制备与表征

过量的石油基润滑油流入到环境中，会造成环境的污染。以植物油为原料，通过水解、酯化、环氧化和开环“四步法”制备可生物降解的多酯衍生物（OFANE）作为石油基润滑油的替代品。测定了OFANE的粘度、酸值、倾点、蒸发损失、和氧化诱导期等理化性质。结果表明，OFANE具有良好的低温流动性和热氧化安定性。同时测定了带有二聚酸添加剂的OFANE的摩擦学性能。最后的生物降解实验表明，OFANE具有良好的生物降解性且表现出巨大的替代石油基润滑油的潜力。     

国内外加氢异构化基础油性质差异研究

润滑油基础油中烃类结构极其复杂，对各项主要性能的影响往往是多重性的。文章对国内外加氢异构化基础油的主要理化性质进行了分析，考察了其粘度指数、蒸发损失、氧化安定性、倾点等性能的差异。并基于色谱模拟蒸馏和质谱化学族组成对其内在性质进行了实验研究，发现该国外加氢油在内在质量上的优势体现在：馏程窄且轻重组分分布均匀，化学族组成巾链烷烃含量高。并进一步对上述理化性质和内在质量的关联性给予分析。此外还对其在内燃机油、工业用油中的性能差异进行了评价。     

The Influence of Paraffinic Base Oil on Low-temperature Viscosity of Naphthenic Base Oil

Low-temperature viscosity of lube oils mixed with paraffinic base oil and naphthenic base oil at different mass ratios has been tested by experiments. The influence of paraffinic base oil on the performance of naphthenic base oil was investigated by studying the low-temperature viscosity of tested oils. The viscosity of lube oils increased with an increasing content of high-viscosity paraffinic base oil in the oil mixture. And the low-temperature viscosity was less influenced when the content of paraffinic base oil in the mixture was insignificant. In order to reduce the cost for formulating lubricating oil, a small fraction of paraffinic base oil can be added into naphthenic base oil as far as the property of lubricating oil can meet the specification. According to the study on low-temperature viscosity of the oil mixed with paraffinic base oil and naphthenic base oil, a basic rule was worked out for the preparation of qualified lubricating oils.     

PATTERN RECOGNITION STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON SOME PROPERTIES OF LUBRICATING BASE OILS

ABSTRACT

The influence of chemical composition of 42 Chinese lubricating base oils on their oxidation stability (ASTM-D2272), viscosity index and pour point depressant susceptibility (T801, 0.1%) with an interactive pattern recognition system was studied. Feasible feature set and satisfactory classification results were obtained.     

再生润滑油着色物质的研究

采用白土精制和溶剂精制工艺对再生润滑油J和B进行了脱色处理,并采用裂解 气相色谱 质谱联用(Py GC/MS)分析方法探究了白土吸附物和萃取物的化学结构。对脱色精制前后的油品进行了氧化安定性评价。结果表明,脱色处理降低了再生润滑油的色度号。J油脱出物中含有较多杂环氮化物或疑似抗氧剂烷基二苯胺氧化产物的含氮化合物,而B油脱出物中氮化物含量较少,但含有多种润滑油使用的添加剂。J油中的着色物质主要是天然氮化物和二烷基苯胺类抗氧剂的氧化产物;B油中的着色物质主要是烃类的氧化产物--酮、醛等衍生物。精制后油品抗氧性能相比于精制前下降比较明显。精制工艺脱出物的分析结果与精制后油品抗氧性能下降的实验现象有一定相关性。     

DENITROGENATION OF LUBRICATING BASE OILS BY SOLID ACID

Oxidation stability is one of the most important properties of lubricating base oils. Nitrogen compounds especially basic nitrogen compounds play a negative role to the oxidation stability of lubricating base oils. A new method to remove the nitrogen compounds of lubricating base oils is suggested in the paper. A type of solid acid was employed as an effective reagent to get rid of the basic and non-basic nitrogen compounds while it removes relatively less sulfur compounds. Clay treating after the solid acid denitrogenation can apparently improve the oxidation stability of denitrogenated base oils. Appropriate conditions are found for the solid acid denitrogenation.     

大庆原油基础油研制新一代高档汽油机油

根据大庆原油基础油的特性（粘度指数高,倾点高,低温性能差,抗氧化性能稍差）,采用改善常减压切割、改进精制工艺技术,提高基础油主要性能,研制出质量符合ＡＰＩＳＪ／ＩＬＳＡＣＧＦ２的汽油机油。     

生物质基润滑油基础油的合成研究进展

润滑油的开发有利于降低摩擦磨损,从而促进工业进程的推进。生物质基润滑油基础油是一种生物可降解的高分子材料,可实现CO₂零排放,主要有烃类、酯类和醚类润滑油基础油等。生物质基润滑油基础油可通过不同长度的碳链重组、化学合成路径的准确调控和基础油组分的精准解析以达到润滑油的高性能要求。综述了生物质基润滑油基础油的制备方法及润滑性能等,在此基础上分析和展望了未来生物质基润滑油基础油合成中的新策略和相关发展趋势。     

不同变速箱油对WS2001同步器性能的影响

利用自行研制的WS2001变速箱同步器油品评定台架研究了GL-5 75W/90重负荷齿轮油、重负荷多效齿轮油75W/90,80W/90,80W/140,柴油机油CF-4 15W/40和SJ/CD 15W/40等油品对WS2001惯性锁环式同步器性能的影响。试验结果表明：不同润滑油的使用寿命不同,导致同步器失效的形式不同。CF-4 15W/40和SJ/CD 15W/40汽柴油机通用机油虽能保证较好的运行稳定性,但同步器试验件磨损严重,易产生磨损失效;GL-5 75W/90、75W/90重负荷多效齿轮油、80W/90重负荷多效齿轮油、80W/140重负荷多效齿轮油等在前期具有较好的运行稳定性,氧化衰变后易发生同步器打齿,导致打齿失效。变速箱油的黏度、抗剪切性能和氧化安定性对同步器运行性能具有一定影响,选用和研发新型变速箱油应予以考虑。     

DENITROGENATION OF LUBRICATING BASE OILS BY SOLID ACID

ABSTRACT

Oxidation stability is one of the most important properties of lubricating base oils. Nitrogen compounds especially basic nitrogen compounds play a negative role to the oxidation stability of lubricating base oils. A new method to remove the nitrogen compounds of lubricating base oils is suggested in the paper. A type of solid acid was employed as an effective reagent to get rid of the basic and non-basic nitrogen compounds while it removes relatively less sulfur compounds. Clay treating after the solid acid denitrogenation can apparently improve the oxidation stability of denitrogenated base oils. Appropriate conditions are found for the solid acid denitrogenation.     

Thermal Degradation of Aviation Synthetic Lubricating Base Oil

The thermal degradation, under oxidative pyrolysis conditions, of two synthetic lubricating base oils, poly-α-olefin (PAO) and di-ester (DE), was investigated. The main objective of the study was to characterize their behavior in simulated “areo-engine” conditions, i.e. compared the thermal stability and identified the products of thermal decomposition as a function of exposure temperature. Detailed characterizations of products were performed with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS), viscosity experiments and four-ball tests. The results showed that PAO had the lower thermal stability, being degraded at 200°C different from 300°C for DE. The degradation also effected the tribological properties of lubricating oil. Several by-products were identified during the thermal degradation of two lubricants. The majority of PAO products consisted of alkanes and olefins, while more oxygen-containing organic compounds were detected in DE samples according to the observation of GC/MS analysis. The related reaction mechanisms were discussed according to the experimental results.