高效铣削天然理石时TiCN/Al_2O_3涂层硬质合金刀具的磨损机制研究

采用TiCN/Al_2O_3涂层球头铣刀对天然理石进行高效铣削试验,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察涂层刀具的表面磨损形貌并基于能谱检测(EDS)分析刀具表面元素组成,并探讨刀具的磨损机制。研究结果表明,刀具磨损包括黏结磨损、磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和疲劳磨损;涂层刀具开始切削时,刀具后刀面出现粘结物和擦伤,在断续切削冲击的作用下造成后刀具材料的剥落;切削线速度较低时,切削系统振动增强,疲劳裂纹在基体内部的扩展降低了刀具基体强度,极易导致较大面积凿削式磨粒磨损,当切削线速度增大时,稳定阶段的磨损形式由凿削式磨粒磨损转变为擦伤式磨粒磨损,刀具磨损减轻;微振磨损的综合作用加剧了涂层刀具磨损,破坏涂层刀具的切削性能。     

TiN涂层陶瓷刀具膜-基界面应力的试验研究

利用X射线衍射(XRD)应力分析仪测试了TiN薄膜涂层与Si3N4陶瓷刀具基体的界面残余应力状况,分析了成膜过程中应力形成的原因及对膜—基结合强度的影响。结果表明,TiN薄膜的残余应力为压应力,本征应力为张应力,应力的大小及分布对涂层刀具的硬度和膜—基结合强度有明显影响。     

TiAlN涂层刀具高速铣削颗粒增强铝基复合材料时的磨损行为

使用YS8硬质合金TiAlN涂层立铣刀分别对SiC颗粒和Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料进行高速铣削试验,结合切削过程对刀具磨损形式、微观磨损形貌以及磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明:磨粒磨损、涂层脱落和微崩刃是涂层刀具的主要磨损形式;增强颗粒尺度越大,刀具微观磨损划痕和微崩刃凹坑越明显;涂层刀具铣削颗粒增强铝基复合材料不具备优势。     

高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al涂层在高温磨损中的摩擦氧化行为

采用滑动磨损试验方法,研究从室温(23℃)至650 ℃高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al金属间化合物涂层的摩擦氧化行为。结果表明,高温下Fe-Al涂层滑动摩擦因数降低的主要原因是磨损面发生摩擦氧化反应,形成了具有固体润滑作用的氧化物保护层,该保护层由Al2O3、Fe3O4及Fe2O3组成。氧化物保护层形成的机制是磨屑的动态氧化和微区热压烧结。涂层的扁平颗粒在摩擦磨损过程脱落成为磨屑;随着滑动摩擦磨损的进行,在Si3N4球的反复碾压及摩擦热的共同作用下,磨屑将不断地发生断裂、碎化及动态氧化而成为氧化物粉状屑,并通过微区热压烧结方式形成氧化物层,覆盖于磨损涂层表面。在高温下Fe3Al和FeAl金属间化合物相具有较高的强度和硬度,能有效地抵抗较高硬度的Si3N4球的压入及微犁削,使磨损面上的氧化物保护层不易开裂和脱落。     

优化TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/TiN多层涂层摩擦磨损性能的研究

通过研究微喷砂处理和使用TiOCN、ZrCN替代TiN顶层对TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/TiN多层涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响,进一步提高TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/TiN涂层刀具的性能.采用化学气相沉积(CVD)在硬质合金基体上沉积TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/TiN、TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/TiOCN和TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2 O3/ZrCN多层涂层,并进行微喷砂处理.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征涂层的组织结构,采用显微硬度计、划痕测试仪和往复式多功能摩擦磨损实验机(UMT-3)分别对涂层的硬度、结合强度和摩擦磨损性能进行测试.结果 表明:微喷砂处理后,TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/TiN多层涂层的顶层TiN被完全去除,摩擦系数增大,且涂层发生剥落、疲劳磨损严重,耐磨性下降.经微喷砂处理的TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2 O3/TiOCN涂层硬度最高,磨粒磨损程度最轻,且无明显剥落,耐磨性最好.经微喷砂处理的TiN/MT-TiCN/ Al2O3/ZrCN涂层摩擦系数最小,但硬度低,磨粒磨损严重,且涂层存在明显剥落,耐磨性较差.     

钛合金铣削加工的PVD涂层适应性研究

利用电弧法沉积制备Al Cr N、Al Cr Si N、Al Cr N/Ti Al N、Al Cr N/Ti Si N四种用于钛合金切削加工涂层,研究了涂层的基本特性及切削使用效果。结果表明,Al Cr N涂层呈柱状生长,通过添加Si等元素或采用多层交替沉积有利于形成细化晶粒组织,提升涂层纳米硬度。切削试验表明,在低速铣削钛合金TC4时,Al Cr N/Ti Al N复合涂层表现最好。在较高速铣削时,四种涂层的刀具表现性能接近。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料小孔钻削的试验研究

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiC_p/Al)复合材料由于其优异的物理机械性能,在航空航天、汽车和电子封装等行业具有巨大的应用潜力。但SiC_p/Al复合材料可切削加工性差,切削时刀具磨损剧烈,加工表面质量难以满足生产要求,其推广应用受到了极大的限制。随着SiC_p/Al复合材料在高速车削、高速铣削、窄槽铣削等方面不断获得技术突破,小直径孔的钻削和螺纹加工技术成为产品研制和生产中的瓶颈。针对高体积分数SiC_p/Al复合材料2mm直径小孔钻削开展试验研究,采用金刚石涂层硬质合金钻头和啄钻工艺方法,研究钻削力、刀具磨损和钻孔质量,对比了干湿两种啄钻方法对钻削工艺的影响。     

TiSiN/AlCrN纳米多层涂层高温热稳定性及摩擦学特性研究

采用电弧离子镀技术于硬质合金基体上沉积TiSiN/AlCrN纳米多层涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM)、X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、能谱仪(Energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS)、纳米硬度计、划痕仪以及摩擦磨损试验机对TiSiN/AlCrN涂层的结构、高温热稳定性能和高温摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明,TiSiN/AlCrN涂层呈现出纳米多层结构,由c-Cr(Al)N与c-Ti(Si)N相构成,涂层硬度为49.7 GPa±0.83 GPa,结合力达到83 N。经800℃和950℃真空退火后涂层微观结构变得更加致密,缺陷密度下降,而涂层硬度和结合力没有明显变化,TiSiN/AlCrN纳米多层涂层经950℃真空退火处理后未发生相变。摩擦磨损测试结果表明,随着温度由室温增加至400℃,涂层摩擦因数急剧升高,继续增加温度至600~800℃,涂层摩擦因数降低,然而涂层磨损率随着测试温度的升高先降低后增加。在室温摩擦磨损测试中TiSiN/AlCrN涂层磨损机制主要以磨粒磨损、塑性磨损为主,400℃时涂层处于二体摩擦转三体摩擦的过渡阶段,主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,600~800℃下涂层磨损机制主要为粘着磨损以及氧化磨损。     

ZrN涂层刀具的滑动磨损特性研究

山东大学摘要:采用电弧离子镀法在硬质合金刀具表面制备了厚度为2.19~5.23μm的ZrN系列涂层,测定了涂层的显微硬度,并通过划痕试验和摩擦磨损试验考察了涂层与基体的结合强度及其摩擦磨损性能。在扫描电镜下观察磨损表面形貌,结果表明:ZrN系列涂层能够显著提高硬质合金刀具的表面硬度;涂层与基体的结合强度较高,划痕临界载荷高于60N;与此同时,电弧离子镀法ZrN系列涂层可以显著改善硬质合金刀具的耐磨性能。磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损和涂层的微剥落。     

考虑电流和振动的涂层铣刀磨损规律实验研究

随着切削技术向着高速、高效和干式加工等方向发展,刀具涂层和切削状态监测技术成为影响切削技术发展的主要因素,研究刀具涂层以及刀具磨损引起的切削状态改变对促进制造业发展具有重要意义。利用铣削实验得到了相同切削条件下,不同涂层的3把硬质合金刀具的加工磨损情况。通过分析各个刀具磨损过程中铣削力信号、主轴电流信号以及切削振动信号的变化,得到了无涂层、Ti Al N涂层以及Al Ti N涂层刀具在切削过程中表现出的磨损规律。结果表明:Al Ti N涂层的耐磨性能更好,3把刀具的主轴电流有效值和切削振动信号质心频率的变化均有效反映了刀具磨损情况。在立铣加工过程中,可以将上述两种特征值用于刀具磨损实时在线监测。     

离子镀TiCN和TiN工具涂层的微结构与切削性能

采用电弧离子镀技术在硬质合金铣刀和钻头上镀覆了TiCN和TiN涂层,研究并比较了两种涂层的微结构与力学性能,以及涂层铣刀的高速切削性能和涂层钻头的切削性能。结果表明,TiCN和TiN涂层同为单相的Na-Cl型结构,并都呈现(111)择优取向的柱状晶,TiCN涂层的硬度为34.6GPa,远高于TiN涂层25.1GPa的硬度。在高速铣削条件下,TiCN涂层铣刀的后刀面磨损速率仅为TiN涂层铣刀的约三分之一。TiCN涂层钻头在钻孔数为TiN涂层钻头两倍时的磨损量仍低于TiN涂层钻头。TiCN涂层的高硬度及在较高切削线速度下的减摩作用是这种涂层刀具寿命提高的重要原因。     

陶瓷涂层刀具切削灰铸铁的试验研究

为了探究陶瓷涂层刀具涂层材质、基体材质对切削性能的影响,试验采用四种陶瓷涂层刀具连续干切削灰铸铁,测试了切削力和切削温度的变化情况以及后刀面的磨损量和已加工表面的粗糙度。结果表明,在刀具基体同为Si_3N_4的条件下,涂层材质为Ti N/Al_2O_3/Ti C的刀具比Ti N/Al_2O_3的切削性能好;在涂层材质同为Ti N的条件下,刀具基体Al_2O_3/Ti CN比Al_2O_3/Ti C的切削性能好。研究发现:四种陶瓷涂层刀具前刀面磨损形式均为微崩刃和月牙洼,后刀面磨损形式均为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,涂层的磨损形式均为剥落和扩散磨损。     

Friction and wear behaviors of MoS2/Zr coated HSS in sliding wear and in drilling processes

MoS2 metal composite coatings have been successful used in dry turning, but its suitability for dry drilling has not been yet established. Therefore, it is necessary to study the friction and wear behaviors of MoS2/Zr coated HSS in sliding wear and in drilling processes. In the present study, MoS2/Zr composite coatings are deposited on the surface of W6Mo5Cr4V2 high speed steel(HSS). Microstructural and fundamental properties of these coatings are examined. Ball-on-disc sliding wear tests on the coated discs are carried out, and the drilling performance of the coated drills is tested. Test results show that the MoS2/Zr composite coatings exhibit decreases friction coefficient to that of the uncoated HSS in sliding wear tests. Energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysis on the wear surface indicates that there is a transfer layer formed on the counterpart ball during sliding wear processes, which contributes to the decreasing of the friction coefficient between the sliding couple. Drilling tests indicate that the MoS2/Zr coated drills show better cutting performance compared to the uncoated HSS drills, coating delamination and abrasive are found to be the main flank and rake wear mode of the coated drills. The proposed research founds the base of the application of MoS2 metal composite coatings on dry drilling.     

球头铣刀高速切削Inconel 718的刀具磨损研究

为了实现航空高温合金的高速高效加工,通过对Inconel718的铣削试验,分析了涂层球头铣刀切削高温合金时的加工性能。试验结果表明,乳化液在90m/min的切削速度下仍然具有较好的冷却润滑作用。通过对TiAlN涂层和TiAlN+Al2O3涂层刀具的对比试验,证明TiAlN涂层具有优异的耐磨性,可显著提高加工高温合金时的刀具寿命。     

高能离子源清洗对AlCrN刀具涂层结构及性能的影响

采用自主研发的离子源增强多弧离子镀设备,研究涂层沉积前不同清洗工艺对基材表面粗糙度以及所制备的AlCrN涂层的表面形貌、硬度、膜基结合力、摩擦磨损和切削性能的影响。研究结果表明,高能Ar⁺清洗可以更有效清洁基材表面。与传统弧源清洗技术相比,经高能离子源清洗后的基体表面粗糙度降低,沉积态涂层的表面粗糙度更低。相比于传统弧源清洗工艺,高能Ar⁺清洗可以显著提高膜基结合强度,达到48.7 N,摩擦因数和磨损率均降低,涂层刀具寿命提高了3倍。     

高硅铝合金的金刚石涂层刀具铣削损伤机理研究

高硅铝合金由于硅含量很高,故切削加工性较差,切削刀具极易磨损且已加工表面存在大量缺陷.为进一步研究材料加工损伤,采用化学气相沉积法制备了金刚石涂层铣刀,开展70％Si/Al(70％指质量分数)合金材料铣削试验.试验研究了铣削力、刀具磨损及加工损伤机理,并与常用TiN涂层铣刀进行了对比.结果 表明:铣削过程中由于初晶硅硬...     

Achieving High Tribological Performance of Graphite-like Carbon Coatings on Ti6Al4V in Aqueous Environments by Gradient Interface Design

A duplex treatment involving nitrogen ion pre-implantation and gradient interfacial transition was performed to obtain a high-performance graphite-like carbon (GLC) coating on a Ti6Al4V alloy. Characteristics of the as-deposited coating systems were systemically investigated by Raman spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, nano-indentation, and scratch tests. The friction and wear behaviors in distilled water and sea water environments were evaluated by a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results showed that the GLC multilayer coating on nitrogen ion-implanted Ti6Al4V possessed a greater hardness and adhesion strength than to that on un-implanted Ti6Al4V. The tribological performances of these duplex process systems showed a great improvement in both the distilled water and sea water environments. In particular, the Cr/CrN/GLC coatings on nitrogen ion-implanted substrates demonstrated the best friction and wear behaviors. These striking improvements were attributed to the greatly enhanced interface strength between substrate and coating by the nitrogen ion implantation process and improved adhesion strength between gradient layers by the appropriate gradient interlayers with a similar thermal expansion coefficient.     

Effects of Cutting Parameters on Tool Insert Wear in End Milling of Titanium Alloy Ti6A14V

Titanium alloy is a kind of typical hard-to-cut material due to its low thermal conductivity and high strength at elevated temperatures, this contributes to the fast tool wear in the milling of titanium alloys. The influence of cutting conditions on tool wear has been focused on the turning process, and their influence on tool wear in milling process as well as the influence of tool wear on cutting force coefficients has not been investigated comprehensively. To fully understand the tool wear behavior in milling process with inserts, the influence of cutting parameters on tool wear in the milling of titanium alloys Ti6Al4 V by using indexable cutters is investigated. The tool wear rate and trends under different feed per tooth, cutting speed, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut are analyzed. The results show that the feed rate per tooth and the radial depth of cut have a large influence on tool wear in milling Ti6Al4 V with coated insert. To reduce tool wear, cutting parameters for coated inserts under experimental cutting conditions are set as: feed rate per tooth less than 0.07 mm, radial depth of cut less than 1.0 mm, and cutting speed sets between 60 and 150 m/min. Investigation on the relationship between tool wear and cutting force coefficients shows that tangential edge constant increases with tool wear and cutter edge chipping can lead to a great variety of tangential cutting force coefficient. The proposed research provides the basic data for evaluating the machinability of milling Ti6Al4 V alloy with coated inserts, and the recommend cutting parameters can be immediately applied in practical production.     

Effects of cutting parameters on tool insert wear in end milling of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V

Titanium alloy is a kind of typical hard-to-cut material due to its low thermal conductivity and high strength at elevated temperatures, this contributes to the fast tool wear in the milling of titanium alloys. The influence of cutting conditions on tool wear has been focused on the turning process, and their influence on tool wear in milling process as well as the influence of tool wear on cutting force coefficients has not been investigated comprehensively. To fully understand the tool wear behavior in milling process with inserts, the influence of cutting parameters on tool wear in the milling of titanium alloys Ti6Al4V by using indexable cutters is investigated. The tool wear rate and trends under different feed per tooth, cutting speed, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut are analyzed. The results show that the feed rate per tooth and the radial depth of cut have a large influence on tool wear in milling Ti6Al4V with coated insert. To reduce tool wear, cutting parameters for coated inserts under experimental cutting conditions are set as: feed rate per tooth less than 0.07 mm, radial depth of cut less than 1.0 mm, and cutting speed sets between 60 and 150 m/min. Investigation on the relationship between tool wear and cutting force coefficients shows that tangential edge constant increases with tool wear and cutter edge chipping can lead to a great variety of tangential cutting force coefficient. The proposed research provides the basic data for evaluating the machinability of milling Ti6Al4V alloy with coated inserts, and the recommend cutting parameters can be immediately applied in practical production.     

Performance of PVD (Zr,Ti)N-coated cemented carbide inserts in cutting processes

(Zr,Ti)N coatings with two different gradient structures were deposited on YT15-cemented carbide inserts by multi arc ion plating. Microstructure and properties of these coatings were examined. Dry cutting tests of these coated inserts against 40Cr hardened steel are carried out. This paper presented a detailed analysis of the cutting performance and wear mechanism of these coated inserts. The critical load of EGC shows a little increase compared with TGC because of the thermal expansion coefficient gradient. Compared with YT15 tool, (Zr,Ti)N-coated tools lead to a high quality and good consistency of machined surface during the whole machining process; the cutting temperature will also decrease, but the cutting force change a little. The abrasive wear and boundary wear are the main mode of flank wear, and crater wear and adhesive wear are the main rake wear modes during the machining of 40Cr hardened steel. The (Zr,Ti)N coatings effectively improve the wear resistance of the tools especially the crater wear. The thermal expansion coefficient gradient structure of EGC will reduce the thermal damage of the coating, and its multi-layer structure will mitigate and block the initiation and propagation of microcracks.