Positron Emission Particle Tracking for Liquid-Solid Mixing in Stirred Tanks

Mixing in stirred tanks is vital to a wide range of industrial processes, typically requiring solids to be fully suspended and evenly distributed. The quality of suspension and mixing is typically measured visually. Such measurements are thus subject to human interpretation and can only feasibly be conducted in transparent systems – an uncommon condition in industrial systems. Visual measurements of homogeneity must also infer full 3D distributions of particles solely from the observation of a limited section thereof. This work details methods by which a system's homogeneity and state of suspension may be measured and quantified with no human interpretation, which can extract information from opaque systems and consider full 3D data acquired throughout the interior of a given system.     

LabVIEW在全混流反应器仿真中的应用研究

尝试把虚拟仪器与具体化工应用相结合,利用虚拟仪器开发环境LabVIEW开发了全混流反应器仿真系统,并具体针对一个一级不可逆放热反应进行了模拟计算,结果表明LabVIEW用于化学化工领域具有广阔的应用前景,是进行建模仿真的好工具。     

组态王在全混釜监控系统中的设计与应用

全混釜监控系统主要用于监控全混釜运行流程,对其反应过程进行实时监控并作出及时的干预.在程序开发设计各个模块的基础上,在组态王上实现全混釜温度及压力的采集、处理和实时监控,并完成报警、数据记录、报表生成及打印等功能.系统集控制设计、数据库技术、计算机网络连接技术于一体,使用组态王软件实现友好的人机界面,可扩展性好,可靠性...     

精解全混流反应器热衡算

依热力学理论 ,建立了科学衡算反应器的热力学方程。就国内外一些论著中的疑点、误点进行了辨析、论证 ,得出了理想流动反应器之一的全混流反应器 (continuousstirredtankreactor)新型的热量衡算方程精确解 :(△Hr) T0 FA0 XA+FtCpt(T -T0 ) =U(Tm-T)A ,说明了其应用 ,为反应器严谨的热计算提供了可靠的方法。本文论述谨以全混流反应器为代表 ,但其方法不失通用性 ,可望在反应器热量衡算中广泛应用     

3D Single Bubble Breakup Tracking in a Stirred Tank

A detailed understanding of turbulent fluid particle breakup mechanisms is essential for the accurate modeling of gas/liquid and liquid/liquid dispersions. The design of a fully automated setup for the three‐dimensional serial examination of the single bubble breakup process in a stirred tank, ensuring high repetition rates necessary for the additionally automated statistical analysis, is described. The implementation of a three‐dimensional automatic bubble breakup tracking tool is illustrated. At last, exemplary bubble breakup trajectories that show the benefits and limitations of the developed system and method are discussed.     

多相流搅拌反应器研究进展

综述了近五年冷态气液固三相搅拌反应器的研究成果,阐明近期研究热点已转为热态多相流搅拌反应器的流体力学行为。概述了热态气液两相体系中通气功率、混合时间、局部及总体气含率的研究结果。指出今后研究重点应为热态的固液悬浮、气液传质过程及其机理,同时说明用计算流体力学（CFD）对气液固三相搅拌反应器的数值模拟仍属起步阶段。     

基于离散颗粒法模拟搅拌釜气含率分布

The discrete particle method was used to simulate the distribution of gas holdup in a gas-liquid standard Rushton stirred tank. The gas phase was treated as a large number of bubbles and their trajectories were tracked with the results of motion equations. The two-way approach was performed to couple the interphase momentum exchange. The turbulent dispersion of bubbles with a size distribution was modeled using a stochastic tracking model, and the added mass force was involved to account for the effect of bubble acceleration on the surrounding fluid. The predicted gas holdup distribution showed that this method could give reasonable prediction comparable to the reported experimental data when the effect of turbulence was took into account in modification for drag coefficient.     

搅拌槽反应器中中度嗜热浸矿菌预处理含砷金矿

从多个矿坑、煤堆废水中富集中度嗜热浸矿菌,并在搅拌反应器中经过两年的长期驯化,获得能耐受高矿浆浓度和具有抗砷性的浸矿混合菌. 对浸矿混合菌进行耐高矿浆浓度的驯化,保持矿浆浓度为200 g/L,改变两种金矿的配比,提高驯化体系中砷含量,进行耐砷性驯化. 用驯化的浸矿混合菌对难处理金矿进行生物氧化预处理,矿浆浓度为200 g/L,砷含量为8 g/L,14 d时菌体浓度最大,达2′109 mL-1,22 d时砷浸出率为59.93%. 采用限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析对浸矿14和22 d时的微生物多样性进行分析,发现存在Sulfobacillus sp., Acidithiobacillus caldus, Ferroplasma thermophilum和Pseudomonas sp..     

自混式搅拌器非牛顿流体传质性能研究

对于自混式圆盘涡轮搅拌器在非牛顿流体体系中传质特性及动力学性能 ,采用空气 羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液体系进行实验研究 ,拟合出气液传质系数方程 ,为设备的放大提供了依据。结果表明 ,该类搅拌器的传质性能优于传统六平叶圆盘涡轮搅拌器 ,具有节能、低剪切的作用 ,适用于生物发酵等非牛顿体系     

搅拌槽内的Rushton桨叶周围流场的PIV测量

In this paper, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the mean and root mean square(RMS) velocity in the stirred tank with six-flat blade Rushton turbine and with no baffles. Two types of motion patterns were studied. One was that the impeller runs at constant speed, the other was that the impeller runs at time-dependent speed and in a periodic way. The emphasis of the paper was on the comparison of mean and RMS velocity vector maps and profiles between these two types of motion patterns, and especial attention was paid to the comparison of the mean velocity, time-averaged RMS velocity, phase averaged RMS velocity between the constant 3 RPS (revolution per second) and time-dependent operation. The Reynolds number was between 763 and i527. The study explained the mechanism that time-dependent RPS is more efficient for mixing than that of constant RPS.     

搅拌釜内固-液悬浮体系的CFD-DEM模拟(英文)

Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method （CFD-DEM） coupled approach was employed to simulate the solid suspension behavior in a Rushton stirred tank with consideration of transitional and rotational motions of millions of particles with complex interactions with liquid and the rotating impeller. The simulations were satisfactorily validated with experimental data in literature in terms of measured particle velocities in the tank. Influences of operating conditions and physical properties of particles （i.e., particle diameter and density） on the two-phase flow field in the stirred tank involving particle distribution, particle velocity and vortex were studied. The wide distribution of particle angular velocity ranging from 0 to 105 r·min-1 is revealed. The Magnus force is comparable to the drag force during the particle movement in the tank. The strong particle rotation will generate extra shear force on the particles so that the particle morphology may be affected, especially in the bio-/polymer-product related processes. It can be concluded that the CFD-DEM coupled approach provides a theoretical way to under-stand the physics of particle movement in micro-to macro-scales in the solid suspension of a stirred tank.     

Flow Field Around Rushton Turbine in Stirred Tank by Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement

In this paper, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the mean and root mean square(RMS) velocity in the stirred tank with six-flat blade Rushton turbine and with no baffles. Two types of motion patterns were studied. One was that the impeller runs at constant speed, the other was that the impeller runs at time-dependent speed and in a periodic way. The emphasis of the paper was on the comparison of mean and RMS velocity vector maps and profiles between these two types of motion patterns, and especial attention was paid to the comparison of the mean velocity, time-averaged RMS velocity, phase averaged RMS velocity between the constant 3 RPS (revolution per second) and time-dependent operation. The Reynolds number was between 763 and 1527. The study explained the mechanism that time-dependent RPS is more efficient for mixing than that of constant RPS.     

连续搅拌反应釜热稳定的最大允许温差

对通常用的连续搅拌反应釜热稳定的最大允许温差公式加以修正，重新导出适用于多级反应的公式：ΔΤ＜（１＋ｎＸＡ１－ＸＡ）ＲＴ２Ｅ。     

新型自吸式多相搅拌槽临界悬浮特性的实验研究

在不通气的情况下,对新型多相搅拌槽进行实验,得出了其固相含量w、颗粒密度r、搅拌槽内径D与临界悬浮转速Nc的关系,在相同条件下,与给定结构尺寸的标准搅拌槽对比了临界悬浮转速. 结果表明,Nc随固相分率j增加和粒径dp增大而增大,不利于达到良好的悬浮效果;固相颗粒密度越大,临界悬浮转速随之增大;槽径增大使达到悬浮状态的临界转速降低. 该新型搅拌槽临界悬浮转速的关联式是Nc=6.3dp0.21(gDr/rL)0.45w0.19/D0.55;同一固相分率下,新型多相搅拌槽的临界悬浮转速比标准搅拌槽降低了30%,在较低转速下就能使颗粒悬浮.     

上浮颗粒特性对三相搅拌槽内固-液悬浮及气-液分散的影响

在直径为0.476m(T)的椭圆底有机玻璃搅拌槽中,采用作者此前研究优选的多层组合桨(HEDT WHD WHU),分别选用粒径在0.5至4mm、密度范围在900至955kg(m(3的聚丙烯(PP)颗粒及粉料、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)颗粒、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)颗粒作为上浮固体,操作液位为1.5～1.8T,研究了颗粒特性及操作液位对空气-水-上浮固体三相体系的固-液悬浮及气-液分散性能的影响.结果表明:对于同种颗粒,其表面状态对悬浮特性有较大的影响,颗粒表面因含有少量残余溶剂而呈现部分憎水特性时,达到液面处颗粒停留时间不大于1～2秒的临界悬浮状态所需搅拌转速及输入功率显著增加;此时减少上层桨与液面的距离对降低临界悬浮转速及功率有较大贡献.当颗粒种类不同,表面状态及粒径相近时,液固密度差越大,所需悬浮转速越高;但相同输入功率及表观气速时的气含率相差不大.液固密度差相近时,颗粒越小越易被悬浮,但颗粒越小浓度增加使三相体系的气含率降低的幅度越大.对于不同颗粒所得气含率关联式及悬浮特性研究结果可为工业气液固搅拌槽/反应器的优化设计提供参考.     

The solids flow in the riser of a Circulating Fluidised Bed (CFB) viewed by Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT)

Circulating Fluidised Beds (CFB) are attracting increasing interest for both gas-solid and gas-catalytic reactions, although the operating modes in these two cases are completely different. In modelling CFBs as reactors, the solids residence time is an important parameter. Previous studies mostly assess operations at moderate values of the solids circulation rates (≤ 100 kg/m² s), whereas gas-catalytic reactions and e.g. biomass pyrolysis require completely different operating conditions. In the current work, Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) is used to study the movement and population density of particles in the CFB-riser.The PEPT results can be used to obtain: (i) the vertical particle movement and population density in a cross sectional area of the riser; (ii) the transport gas velocity (U_tr) required in order to operate in a fully established circulation mode; (iii) the overall particle movement mode (core flow versus core/annulus flow); and (iv) the particle slip velocity (U_s).Only in a core flow mode can the particle slip velocity be estimated from the difference between the superficial gas velocity (U) and the particle terminal velocity (U_t). The slip velocity is lower than U − U_t outside the core flow mode. To operate in core flow, the superficial gas velocity should exceed U_tr by approximately 1 m/s and the solids circulation rate should exceed 200 kg/m² s.     

The Operating Performance of Stirred Column Reactor

A theoretical analysis of the effects of flow and mixing on the operating features of astirred column reactor(SCR)with multistage mixers and cooling partition plates was conducted.Amethod for calculating the concentration reduction for a second order chemical reaction in a SCRwas proposed.The reactants concerned were pre-mixed before feeding into the SCR.The SCR wascomposed of a number of stages with interstage backmixing.Experimental investigation with variousreaction media were carried out in order to study the effect of mixing on the operational performanceof the SCR.The experimental data were compared with the theoretical results.     

搅拌槽内三相流场混合时间的测定及模拟研究

混合时时间是评定搅拌设设备混合效率的重重要指标,为了了检测带有挡板和和导流筒的搅拌槽槽内液-固-固三相相流场的混合时时间,以甘油溶液液为液相,砂子和和赤泥为固相建立立了流场体系,采采用电导法测量体体系的混合时间。并对流场进行行了计算流体动力力学(CFD)模拟研研究,CFD模型采用基于欧拉多多相流模型和RNNGκ-ε湍流模型。流场混合时间间模拟结果与实验验结果的偏差较小小,说明该CFDD数学模型能很很好地预测流场的的混合时间。体系系的混合时间随随搅拌转速的增大大而减小,当流场场的轴向混合占主主导地位时,增设设导流筒可减小小流场的混合时间间。导流筒对于粒粒径和密度较小的的固体影响较大。。