超细晶材料制备新工艺——等径角挤压

综述了等径角挤压制备超细晶材料领域的最新研究进展,包括等径角挤压的工艺原理,显微组织演化规律,等径角挤压材料微观组织特征和力学性能等。     

应用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)技术制备超细晶钛合金

等通道转角挤压(equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)是一种强塑性变形技术,能有效细化材料的微观组织,提高材料性能,改善难变形材料的成形性.简述了ECAP技术制备超细晶钛合金的原理和技术现状,分析了不同工艺参数对钛合金ECAP变形过程和材料性能的影响以及晶粒细化的微观机制.     

Microstructural Evolution and Thermal Stability of Ultra-fine Grained Al-4Mg Alloy by Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the grain refinement and thermal stability of ultra-fine grained Al-4Mgalloy introduced by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at 473 K. The results show that the intensities of X-ray(111/222) and (200/400) peaks for the alloy processed by ECAP decrease significantly and the peak widths of halfheight become broadening compared with the corresponding value in the annealed alloy. The microstructure of 2passes ECAPed alloy consists of both elongated and equiaxed subgrains. The residual strain in the alloy increaseswith increasing passes numbers, that appears as increasing dislocation density and lattice constant of matrix. Anequiaxed ultra-fine grained structure of～0.2μm is obtained in the present alloy after 8 passes. The ultra-fine grainsare stable below 523 K, because the alloy retains extremely fine grain size of～1μm after static annealing at 523 Kfor 1 h.     

Stability of Microstructure of Ultrafine‐Grained Copper Under Fatigue and Thermal Exposition

Abstract: Effect of cyclic loading and thermal exposition on microstructure of bulk ultrafine‐grained Cu prepared by equal channel angular pressing was experimentally investigated by means of electron backscattering diffraction and by transmission electron microscopy. Stability of the microstructure under stress‐controlled cyclic loading with a tensile mean stress of 200 MPa was shown to be high. Neither dynamic grain coarsening nor development of bimodal microstructure was observed. However, annealing at 250 °C for 30 min resulted in formation of bimodal microstructure. Consequently, fatigue strength of annealed specimens was low.     

等通道转角挤压制备超细晶材料的研究与发展

等通道转角挤压(Equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)是大塑性变形制备超细晶材料的方法之一,具有大晶粒尺寸的材料可以在室温下挤压达到超细晶尺度。从ECAP模具参数、工艺条件影响因素、模具及制备方法改进、细化机理、制备的超细晶材料组织稳定性及性能方面进行总结,并结合部分研究结果可知,ECAP模具正在不断被优化和改进,复合挤压技术不断出现,目前已实现超细晶材料的连续ECAP挤压制备技术。等通道转角挤压的晶粒细化主要是由于剪切力的作用和第二相粒子的作用,ECAP晶粒细化机理及组合工艺的研究是目前研究的热点。超细晶材料在不同领域的应用对其性能提出的更高要求,对其大塑性变形制备技术本身也是挑战。     

Microstructure and Properties of Al-6061 Alloy by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion for 16 Passes

The experimental researches on Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) process of commercial available Al-6061 alloy were conducted and the grain refinement after ECAE processing was investigated. Sixteen passes of ECAE processing at room temperature were conducted and the relationship of grain refinement with extrusion pass was established. The property enhancements after ECAE processing including ultimate tensile strength and Vickers microhardness were investigated to determine the effects of the number of ECAE passes on the mechanical properties of the extruded samples. The research presents a whole picture of ECAE processing of the alloy for up to 16 passes.     

Mechanical Properties,Fatigue Life,and Electrical Conductivity of Cu–Cr–Hf Alloy after Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Structure, mechanical, and service properties of a Cu–Cr–Hf alloy after quenching, equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP), and subsequent aging have been studied. The positive effects of ultrafine‐grained structure formation (grain/subgrain size of ≈200 nm) during ECAP and strengthening particles precipitation upon subsequent aging at 450 °C on the mechanical and fatigue properties of the alloy are shown. Ultrafine‐grained Cu–Cr–Hf alloy after aging shows increasing in the fatigue limit on the basis of 10⁷ cycles from 185 to 375 MPa relative to that of the initial coarse‐grained state. The alloy after ECAP and aging also exhibits sufficient elongation to failure (11.4%) and good electrical conductivity (78%IACS).     

ECAP法制备细晶ZK60镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

利用等通道转角挤压法(ECAP)制备出了细晶ZK60合金,通过金相组织观察,拉伸性能测试,EBSD和透射电镜(TEM)研究了不同挤压温度和挤压道次对合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明:ZK60镁合金在210～240℃温度范围内进行ECAP挤压能获得较好的晶粒细化效果;在240℃进行ECAP挤压时,随着挤压道次的增加,合金晶...     

等径角挤压过程中材料的流变行为研究

分析了等径角挤压过程中材料流变的原因和特征,认为每道次挤压材料内部发生的剪切变形量与时间的函数曲线呈近似正态分布,适当升高温度和增加背压能有效减小难变形区,降低通道与试样接触面之间的摩擦能减小材料内部的滞变区.通过实验证明,随着挤压道次的增加,材料内部的滞变区将减小,均匀化程度会逐步提高.     

镁合金双通道转角挤压有限元分析

基于有限元分析软件建立了双通道转角挤压模型,对AZ91镁合金挤压变形过程进行了模拟,并对挤压变形过程、等效应变、挤压力等模拟结果进行了分析。模拟结果表明:双通道转角挤压所需要的挤压力要大于传统的等通道转角挤压,通道夹角越大,挤压所需要的挤压力越小;双通道转角挤压获得的总的应变更大。     

退火热处理对等径角挤压回收Ti-6Al-4V合金微观结构和显微硬度的影响

采用等径角挤压法回收Ti-6Al-4V合金切屑,并研究了回收样品和退火处理样品的微观结构和显微硬度。结果表明:在回收样品中,切屑之间的边界依然存在,而由于剧烈塑性变形,超细晶结构和较强的纤维织构得以形成。退火处理后,切屑边界部分消失,超细晶组织部分再结晶;而与此同时,退火处理样品展现出更宽泛的织构,再结晶晶粒并不存在择优取向。值得注意的是,退火处理样品的显微硬度较回收样品略有升高。     

Effect of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion on the Microstructures and Properties of Two Extruded Al-Mg-Si Alloys

1.IntroductionAl-Mg-Si(6xxx)alloys make up nearly90%of alu-minium extrusion alloys[1].Chemical composition andheat treatment technique play important roles in gov-erning microstructure,extrudability and the mechani-cal properties of extrusions[2~12].A complete sequen-tial heat-treatment and thermo-mechanical processing(TMP)for6xxx series extrusion alloy is comprised ofhomogenisation,solution treatment,extrusion and age-ing.T5(see below)is a widely accepted post-extrusiontreatment in industry…     

纯铝粉末等径角挤压固结模拟及实验研究

目的研究纯铝粉末在等径角挤压(ECAP)工艺下的固结行为。方法采用Deform软件对铝粉的ECAP工艺进行热力耦合有限元模拟分析,研究粉末致密情况、静水压力情况以及温度场分布情况等,剖析铝粉的固结行为。通过铝粉的ECAP实验对粉末的固结质量进行综合评定。结果有限元模拟表明,ECAP剪切转角处静水压力最大,温度最高,相对密度接近0.97,接近完全致密材料,为粉末固结提供了必要前提。实验结果表明,在200℃条件下,可以通过ECAP工艺将铝粉固结成为块体材料。结论 ECAP变形过程能够在较低的温度条件下实现粉末的固结行为。     

Annealing‐Induced Hardening in Ultrafine‐Grained Ni–Mo Alloys

The influence of Mo alloying on annealing‐induced hardening in ultrafine‐grained (UFG) Ni is studied. The hardening observed after low temperature annealing is explained by the annihilation of mobile dislocations and a concomitant clustering of the remaining dislocations into low energy configurations. This study reveals that, with increasing Mo concentration, the hardening effect decreases as the Mo solute atoms hinder the annihilation and rearrangement of dislocations. This trend is the opposite to that observed in electrodeposited Ni–Mo alloys where the larger alloying element concentration yields a higher annealing‐induced strengthening effect. The difference is attributed to the different deformation mechanisms in UFG and nanocrystalline Ni–Mo alloys.