消防服热湿舒适性的评价方法

消防服的热防护性能要求其具有多层结构,但这种结构也影响了消防服的热湿舒适性。对消防服的热湿舒适性进行研究与评价有利于提高消防服的热湿舒适性。对比分析了不同地区和国家消防服标准对热湿舒适性的评估方法及性能要求,介绍了服装舒适性5级评价系统在消防服热湿舒适性测试与评价中的应用。总之,通过客观评价与主观评价方法的综合运用,可以较全面、精确地进行消防服热湿舒适性的评价,但两类评价方法仍需不断完善。     

消防服外层织物热防护性与舒适性综合评价

为保证消防服具有良好的热防护性能和较好的热湿舒适性能,选取7种消防服用外层织物为研究对象,测试了织物热防护性能及舒适性能相关指标,分析了织物原料及性能参数等因素对热防护性能与舒适性能的影响,并阐述其影响规律;采用模糊综合评判的方法综合评价织物热防护性能与舒适性能。结果表明：织物的热防护性能与其原料组成、织物厚度及紧度相关,舒适性能主要与织物密度、紧度以及织物厚度、面密度有关;在测试的7 种织物中芳纶防静电防护织物的综合性能最佳,而腈纶/ 棉混纺防护织物的性能较差。     

附加相变材料的消防服多层织物性能研究

选择自然调温元素相变材料,将其与消防服隔热层复合制备调温织物,并对附加相变材料的消防服多层织物系统的热防护性能及热湿舒适性能进行了研究。结果表明:附加相变材料多层织物系统的热防护性能得到较大提高,总散热量均符合NFPA 1971标准的要求。     

消防服热湿舒适性的客观评价

通过人工气候室受控环境中暖体假人试验,对现役消防服和新款3层结构消防服进行热湿舒适性客观评价,在模拟消防服实际穿着环境条件下,进行整体服装的热湿舒适性能评价指标的测量,从而获得消防服穿着状态下服装微气候的温度、相对湿度及服装湿阻。结果表明:新款3层结构消防服的透湿性能较现役款4层结构消防服有所提高,其热湿舒适性得到改善。     

消防服用织物湿态热防护性能的测试与分析

研究消防服用织物湿态下的热防护性能.选用消防服常用的5种外层织物、1种防水透气层、1种隔热层和4种舒适层织物组合成不同试样.利用热防护性能仪测试外层、舒适层和多层织物试样不同湿态条件下的热能值(kTPP值),并根据水分的不同渗透方向,分析和比较多层织物的热防护性能.结果 表明:含水率的增加能提高各试样的kTPP值,有益...     

气凝胶材料在消防服中的应用研究进展

为了促进气凝胶材料在消防服领域的应用,提升消防服的综合服用性能,从而推动新型消防服的开发,评估了近年来气凝胶材料应用于消防服的优缺点。分析了气凝胶材料的热学性能,包括隔热性能和热稳定性;从作为涂层材料和直接嵌入多层织物系统2个方面,综述了其在消防服中的应用及研究现状,分析了气凝胶型消防服热防护性能和热湿舒适性能的优劣。最后归纳了气凝胶材料在应用过程中存在的问题,并展望了其未来的应用方向,指出热防护与热舒适的平衡、气凝胶力学性能和热稳定性的提升、气凝胶复合材料的开发与应用有望成为今后的研究趋势。     

消防服热防护性能的研究现状

为探究消防服的热防护性能,文章分析了阻燃耐高温纤维、阻燃整理的热防护材料、相变微胶囊涂层整理的热防护材料、纳米多孔气凝胶涂层整理的热防护材料的热防护机理及研究现状,概述了织物组织结构及织物物理参数对热防护性的影响,综述了热防护性能测试与评价体系,旨在为消防服的功能优化及研发提供参考。     

相变材料在消防服中的应用及可行性分析

火灾作业环境下,应用于消防服系统的相变材料对高温环境温度突变具有一定的缓冲、抑制作用。本文回顾评价了国内外相变材料应用于消防服研究的现状,分别从降低热应力、提高热舒适性能及抑制温度突变、提高消防服整体热防护性能两个方面的应用进行综述分析;并对火灾环境下使用的有机石蜡类相变材料的封装方法与阻燃处理进行了总结性分析探讨。基于上述应用情况总结,论文最后出对相变材料抑制消防服内温度突变可行性的分析,并思考了将来相变材料应用于消防服装备的研究发展趋势。     

消防服外层织物参数对组合面料热防护性能的影响

选择不同消防灭火服外层织物,将其与防水透气隔热层、舒适层组成的组合面料进行热防护值测试,分析消防灭火服外层织物基本参数与热防护性能之间的关系,研究消防灭火服外层织物结构、材料导热系数、热收缩率对其热防护性能的影响。结果表明：消防灭火服外层织物热防护性能与材料导热系数、遇热产生的气腔高度、表/里层经纬密度配置显著相关。在相同重量下,对热防护值要求较高的消防灭火服进行外层面料设计时,外层织物在组织结构上应采用双层结构,其表/里层经纬密度配比接近1.5∶1;在材料选用上,表层材料热收缩率应相对较大,里层材料热收缩率应较小且导热系数低。     

热辐射暴露下消防员的生理反应及皮肤烧伤预测

为优化消防服热防护性能的评价准则,基于消防服热传递规律与人体热生理调节机制,建立了消防员生理反应与皮肤烧伤预测模型,利用服装热防护性能测试平台对比分析了平均皮肤温度、核心温度的变化趋势与预测误差。结果表明:基于模型预测的平均皮肤温度与核心温度均略大于实验测量结果,但总体变化趋势与实验结果具有较高的一致性;在热暴露条件下消防员面临着皮肤烧伤与热应激的双重威胁,皮肤烧伤更多发生在热暴露阶段,热应激更可能产生在热暴露结束之后,这是由于热传递的滞后效应导致;消防服热防护性能的评价需要综合考虑皮肤烧伤与人体热应激作为评价指标,从而更加准确地标定及优化消防服的热防护性能。     

液体冷却服研究进展及消防应用可行性研究

消防战斗服具有突出的热防护能力,但热湿舒适性差,无法及时排出人体的多余热量.为缓解消防战斗中的人体热蓄积,避免热伤害,探究了液体冷却服装服用性能的影响因素及研究进展,包括冷却管路、冷却介质、基础服装、冷却系统的智能控制和区域个性化冷却;在评估消防战斗环境、分析人体热平衡特点和总结现行消防冷却策略的基础上,结合液体冷却系...     

燃烧假人在火场热防护服装研究中的应用

热防护性是个体防护服装的重要功能。燃烧假人作为国际公认的定量评估防护装备阻燃性能的专用设备,在服装热防护研究中发挥着重要作用。通过对国内外相关研究成果的回顾,介绍了燃烧假人的热防护测评原理、发展历史及我国首个具有国际领先水平的燃烧假人-“东华火人”的创新特征,重点从不同火场状况的模拟、阻燃面料的评测与选择、服装款式结构对防护性能的影响以及阻燃防护服热传递机理研究等四个方面探讨了燃烧假人在服装热防护研究领域中的应用进展,最后对燃烧假人的应用前景进行了预测分析。     

Evaluation and improvement of thermo-physiological comfort properties of firefighters’ protective clothing containing super absorbent materials

In this research, super absorbent materials were incorporated into the internal layer of the firefighters’ protective clothing with the aim of increasing absorption of sweat to improve the thermo-physiological comfort properties. The performance properties were evaluated following the standard test methods (ISO 6942:2002 and ISO 9151: 1995(E)) and the thermo-physiological comfort-related properties were evaluated by measuring the transport properties such as air permeability, water sorption and evaporation, thermal resistance and water vapour resistance of the fabric assemblies with super absorbent materials. The results indicated that it is possible to improve the comfort properties of the protective clothing by the incorporation of super absorbent materials into the internal layer. The use of super absorbent materials is likely to help in the absorption of sweat in higher amount and keeping the skin and internal microclimate dry, which in turn improves the comfort level. The performance properties of all the combinations satisfied the requirements for firefighter’s clothing as mentioned in AS/NZS 4967-2009.     

Effects of inner and outer clothing combinations on firefighter ensembles’ thermal- and moisture-related comfort levels

The special clothing ensembles firefighters wear should provide not only thermal protective performance but also thermal- and moisture-related comfort. The comfort property of protective clothing has great influence on work efficiency. In this study, inner clothing was designed to combine with firefighters’ protective clothing in order to create different clothing ensembles. Two separate wear trials were carried out under the temperatures of 28°C (warm) and 15°C (cool), respectively; cardiopulmonary indexes, temperature and relative humidity under clothing microclimate and subjective sensations were evaluated. These objective and subjective experimental data were analysed to differentiate clothing ensembles’ thermal- and moisture-related comfort properties. The effect of different inner clothing items, combined with the firefighters’ protective clothing, on the overall comfort level of the clothing ensembles was also investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the thermal, moisture and clingy sensations of various clothing ensembles under the temperature of 28°C (warm), but the differences were not significant under the temperature of 15°C (cool), except for clingy sensation. Combined with the same firefighter clothing, there was no significant difference in the thermal- and moisture-related comfort properties, but the differences in clingy sensation were significant. The clothing ensembles with polyester inner clothing were not very good for providing thermal and moisture comfort. The clingy comfort of clothing ensembles with linen inner clothing was better than those with cotton or polyester inner clothing.     

森林防火服配套性研究

从热湿舒适性、防热辐射性、隔热等性能出发，对森林防火服进行了研究。通过内外层的搭配，使其不但能满足扑火现场的高热环境，而且达到热湿平衡，满足舒适性要求。     

Analysis of thermal comfort properties of fabrics for protective applications

Protective clothing protects the body from external influence like heat, chemicals, mechanical hazards, bad weather, etc. by shielding the human body from harsh environmental effects. The maintenance of thermal balance is one of the most important aspects of protective clothing. The study aims to investigate the thermal comfort properties of woven hybrid fabrics produced with high performance core spun yarns. For this purpose, meta-aramid, e-glass, Technora® and Dyneema® fibres were combined using core yarn spinning method in order to enhance the protective performance characteristics. The effects of the core/sheath ratio and type of core materials on the thermal comfort characteristics were investigated and evaluated statistically. The results revealed that, core/sheath ratio, types of core materials have significant effects on thermal comfort characteristics of the fabrics. As the core ratio increases from 19 to 56%, the air permeability of the fabrics increases whereas their thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity properties decrease. Meta-aramid/E-glass core fabrics can be preferable for protective clothing due to high air permeability and thermal conductivity values.     

消防服用外层织物的热防护性能研究

对消防服外层织物用间位芳纶Nomex和New Star的织物、芳砜纶Tanlon织物、阻燃棉织物及聚苯并咪唑(PBI)纤维与对位芳纶Kevlar混纺织物的热防护性能进行了比较研究。实验结果显示Nomex织物具有较高的热防护性能(TPP),Tanlon及间位芳纶New Star织物热防护性能接近Nomex织物,三者无显著差异。热防护性能较差的阻燃棉织物在TPP实验中的质量损失率大。上述各类织物的热防护性能随着其面密度及厚度的增加而提高。     

特种变形涤纶长丝仿毛织物热湿舒适性研究

从人体－服装－环境为一体的思想出发,利用人工气候仓,高精度的衣内微气候测量仪对特种变表涤纶长丝仿毛物和其它常规面料进行了人体穿着实验研究;同时运用主因子分析法分析了了各种面料的物理性能,人体生理参数的差异;以及人体主观感觉一服装物理参数,人体生理参数的关系。