Understanding occupancy and user behaviour through Wi-Fi-based indoor positioning

A 30-day monitoring campaign was conducted in a university library building to investigate the usefulness of a novel Wi-Fi-based indoor location system for revealing indoor occupancy patterns and related user behaviour. The system has demonstrated its effectiveness in providing occupancy information with a relatively high degree of granularity and accuracy in this study. The occupancy results revealed that the current 24-hour opening policy for the library during term time did not correlate with usage. On the other hand, the eight-hour library-opening duration during the summer holiday period could be extended to include the early evening hours to benefit user productivity. Four occupancy patterns were identified based on cluster analysis. Most users were found to belong to the short-occupancy one-time visitor type, while a minority were long-occupancy users. The cross-correlations between various occupancy parameters were investigated. For example, the pattern of user arrival times at the library was found to be significantly correlated with their study durations. Further, data analysis showed that the majority of long-occupancy users tended not to have frequent breaks with some taking no break for four hours. This could have implications for their health and wellbeing as well as their productivity.     

Improving energy efficiency through the design of the building envelope

Buildings, their surroundings and related enterprises produce more CO₂, generate more pollution, consume more energy, and waste more natural resources than any other human enterprise or industry. Moreover, considerable parts of these environmental impacts are the results of the lodging industry [1].     

建筑节能与绿色建材

在建筑节能措施中,围护结构节能是最为关键的部分,通过对历年建筑能耗的统计结果进行分析,提出绿色建材是建筑围护结构节能的关键,同时也是建筑行业坚持走资源节约型和环境友好型的可持续发展道路的关键,并总结归纳了绿色建材分类,为建筑节能工作的开展提供了合理的参考和建议。     

散热器装饰与建筑节能

就散热器外表面涂装，暖气置的设置，散热器更换、无效热损失等对建筑节能，用户使用、系统维护的影响进行了分析，并提出了解决方法。     

居住建筑室内热环境低能耗营造的多目标设计方法

人居环境改善涉及重大民生问题,节能减排是国家重大战略。因此,有必要寻求合理的居住建筑设计方法,使设计方案既满足居民的室内热舒适需求又能降低建筑能耗。基于多目标遗传优化算法,建立能够对建筑设计方案进行优化、实现增加室内热舒适时间比例的同时降低建筑全年冷热负荷的居住建筑设计双目标优化模型。最后,以重庆典型户型为实例进行优化,优化后的设计方案建筑全年冷热负荷降低了47.74%,室内热舒适时间比例提高了3.94%,验证了模型的可行性和准确性。     

A high-resolution domestic building occupancy model for energy demand simulations

Energy use in the home is a major source of carbon emissions and is highly dependent on the activities of the residents. More specifically, the timing of energy use, particularly electricity, is highly dependent on the timing of the occupants’ activities. Thus, in order to model domestic demand profiles with high temporal resolution, for example, in the context of designing and assessing demand side management systems (including the time-shifting of demand), it is of great benefit to take account of residents’ behaviour in terms of when they are likely to be using household appliances, lighting and heating. This paper presents a thorough and detailed method for generating realistic occupancy data for UK households, based upon surveyed time-use data describing what people do and when. The approach presented generates statistical occupancy time-series data at a ten-minute resolution and takes account of differences between weekdays and weekends. The model also indicates the number of occupants that are active within a house at a given time, which is important for example in order to model the sharing of energy use (shared use of appliances, etc.) The data from the model can be used as input to any domestic energy model that uses occupancy time-series as a base variable, or any other application that requires detailed occupancy data. The model has been implemented in Excel and is available for free download.     

基于交易费用理论的建筑节能服务市场分析

分析了建筑节能服务的交易成本和建筑节能服务市场出现的必要条件,研究了建筑能效审计制度、建筑能效测评标识制度、建筑节能服务市场激励政策等建筑节能服务协同机制对交易费用的影响,探讨了影响建筑节能服务发展的因素。     

供暖居住建筑节能指标现场评价方法探讨

依据《民用建筑节能设计标准》JGJ26-95的规定,探讨了分别适用于小区和单栋建筑的三种节能指标现场评价方法。     

日本的建筑节能概念与政策

介绍了日本面对能源消耗持续增长的形势所制定的节能目标、建筑节能判定标准和节能措施，认为我国应积极引入先进的节能观念和方法，制定科学有效的建筑能效评价体系。     

建筑节能势在必行

介绍了建筑节能的内涵 ,分析探讨了我国建筑节能的现状 ,从经济发展、减少污染等方面阐述了建筑节能的必要性 ,并针对建筑节能的薄弱环节提出了相应的节能措施     

住宅建筑节能设计的可控性

设计节能型住宅和研究开发住宅节能技术，是当今建筑业极为重要的热点问题，也是建筑业实施可持续发展的一个关键环节。从住宅的规划设计、体型设计、墙体设计、外门窗设计、屋顶设计及室内装饰设计等6个方面阐述节能型住宅设计的可控性，以达到设计节能住宅的目的。     

促进建筑节能产业发展

世界金融危机再一次敲响了我们可持续发展的警钟,信用是不能透支的,资源更不能透支利用。人们常说"前人栽树,后人乘凉",我们要为子孙后代多留一块青山绿水。中国的节能减排工作尚处在起步阶段,建筑节能要真正成长为产业也还亟待时日,我们任重而道远。为了绿色的明天我和我的团队将不懈努力。——叶倩     

我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径

简要分析了我国建筑能源消耗状况,从用能特点出发,对建筑物和建筑用能途径进行了新的分类,给出各类的现状、问题和节能潜力。在此基础上列出为实现建筑节能所需要的主要技术与产品研究领域和政策研究与保障机制。文中列出的关键技术研究为：基于模拟分析的建筑节能优化设计;新型建筑围护结构材料与部品;通风装置与排风热回收装置;热泵技术;降低输配系统能源消耗的技术;集中空调的温度湿度独立控制技术;建筑自动化系统的节能优化控制;楼宇式燃气驱动的热电冷三联供技术;燃煤燃气联合供热和末端调峰技术;节能灯、节能灯具与控制。有关政策与保障机制的研究问题为：建筑能耗数据的统计系统;住宅能耗标识方法与保障机制;大型公共建筑能耗评估与用能配额制;各种建筑用能装置的能耗标识标准与方法。     

建筑节能管理的重要环节——区域建筑能源规划

提出了区域建筑能源规划的概念.根据综合资源规划的原理,提出在区域建筑能源规划中的几项关键技术,如节能目标的设定、可利用资源量的估计、负荷预测、能源系统配置、虚拟电厂的确定、实行更高的建筑节能标准,以及全程管理等.     

节能住宅设计中耗能量的计算

前　言居住建筑和人的生活质量关系密切。人们对居住建筑的热环境有一定要求 ,夏季室内温度不超过30℃ ,冬季室内温度不低于 18℃。我国南方地区夏季炎热 ,室内要求降温 ,北方地区冬季寒冷 ,室内要求升温 ,为此 ,都要消耗一定的能源。据统计 ,1993年我国用于居住建筑降温、升温     

对公共建筑节能设计标准的理解

分析了目前我国能源结构的状况,指出公共建筑提倡节能设计是建立节约型社会的关键环节,着重介绍了公共建筑节能设计标准对有关建筑部分的要求,探讨了屋面、外窗、外墙等部分的隔热要求,从而促进建筑节能的发展.     

基于文献计量的我国建筑节能研究综述

建筑节能在是建筑领域的研究热点。本文以CNKI数据库收录的文献为数据源,采用SATI、SPSS、CiteSpace等软件对相关文献进行可视化分析,探究建筑节能领域研究热点及前沿趋势。结果表明,国内建筑节能领域的研究历经理论萌芽、理论扩展、理论丰富和理论稳定4个阶段;研究内容涵盖了节能技术与建筑改造研究、节能与生态环保研究以及节能建筑设计与可持续发展研究3个领域;研究主题由推广应用、技术研究、新概念的提出到碳中和,随着社会发展的要求而变化。     

医疗建筑室内空间导向系统的应用模式

文章主要论述室内设计中导向系统设计在医院建筑中的作用。综合医疗大楼将有关医学的各项工作都集中在同一个屋檐下,使其体量变大,流线复杂,通过采取智能化识别导向系统、光导向系统、色彩导向系统、图形导向系统等措施,合理规划流线,来指引患者,创造舒适、便捷的就诊空间。     

由热舒适指标及空调设计计算参数谈节能

以PMV—PPD评价指标和ASHRAE舒适标准为理论依据，对空调设计舒适度和空调节能进行了讨论，认为应研究适于我国居民的热舒适标准，而后提出一些节能措施以及方向。