基于实例和规则的清障救援车配置方法研究

为快速响应客户的需求,最大限度地减少设计人员的工作量,提高产品设计效率,根据不同的客户需求配置不同的个性化清障救援车辆,提出了一种混合产品配置方法.从清障救援车的相似实例推理、配置规则设计、配置求解方法等方面对清障救援车的配置技术进行了研究,并在此基础上提出了清障救援车配置设计流程.根据清障救援车的设计方法和基本理论,提出了多类型多层级的清障救援车配置规则,并设计了配置规则的表达模型.最后以某新型清障救援车需求目标为例对该方法的可行性和合理性进行了验证.     

基于感性工学的产品客户化配置设计

基于感性工学理论及产品平台设计思想,提出了一种产品客户化配置设计方法.通过感性评价的问卷调查方式及回归分析方法建立感性意象与设计参数间的量化关系,同时辨识出平台参数与个性参数;在保持平台参数不变的基础上,改变个性参数进行产品造型以作为第二次问卷调查的样本.通过喜好评价的问卷调查形式,采用聚类分析方法对顾客进行基于喜好相似度的客户群聚类,并采用多项式回归模型建立各自的喜好度与个性参数间的量化关系模型,从而得到各个客户群的符合其最佳满意度的个性参数配置.最后,以手机机身设计为例进行说明.     

产品外形设计中客户感性认知模型及应用

为了更好地利用客户的感性认知支持产品外形设计活动,提出一种产品外形设计中客户感性认知与产品外形特征关联模型.在分析产品外形设计中所涉及的客户感性认知特点的基础上,建立产品外形特征要素与客户感性认知要素的关联模式;以认知行为为标准,利用特征匹配实现了客户感性认知的识别与相似性分析;提出了基于模糊认知图的客户感性认知与产品外形特征关联模型,利用蚁群聚类算法确定模糊认知图的结构及邻接矩阵,从而获取客户感性认知以指导产品的外形设计.最后通过实例验证了该模型的有效性和实用性.     

基于混合移植的复杂产品多尺度设计求解

针对订单型复杂产品在大规模定制过程中存在着的重复求解和实例冗余问题,提出一种基于产品多尺度混合移植的建模方法,并对应用该建模方法的订单型复杂产品的配置设计进行研究.首先在产品族配置平台上建立了配置需求域、配置实例域、配置模型域三者之间的多尺度映射关系,形成产品族映射域;然后把客户需求转化为多尺度配置需求输入到产品族映射域,获取对应尺度的实例和无对应尺度实例的模型进行多尺度混合移植,得到动态配置模型;最后依据多尺度配置需求、配置规则和配置实例对动态配置模型进行多尺度层次求解,得到整体配置方案.该方法已应用在电梯产品全生命周期数字化设计平台中,提高了配置求解的效率和实例的重用率,证明了其在工程应用中的正确性和高效性.     

基于客户定制的产品配置

为了给客户提供一个直观和可视化的产品配置工具,研究了基于客户定制的产品配置模型,包括产品族功能模型、产品族装配模型以及产品配置知识的表达模型.利用该模型构建了一种面向客户基于Web的虚拟产品定制和展示环境,使得用户在该环境下可以提交需求目标,系统根据用户的需求进行配置,生成的产品三维实体模型可在浏览器中动态地观察和操作.     

面向大众消费者的产品感性定制模型及其应用

为了使产品定制模型更加适合缺少相关领域专业知识的大众消费者,建立了基于感性工学的产品感性定制模型.将顾客对产品的感性意象作为定制需求,对其进行分类并量化,利用层次分析法评价待选的产品工程配置实例,获得最符合顾客感性意象需求的产品工程配置.最后用自行车定制系统实例说明了该模型的应用.     

客户需求Bayes-Nash均衡多目标推理求解方法

针对需求信息不完备的情况,以及产品配置中客户满意度和企业产品成本冲突问题,提出一种基于客户需求的多目标推理求解方法.该方法引入Bayes-Nash均衡理论建立产品多域节点之间的均衡模型;以企业和客户作为决策主体,企业产品成本和客户满意度作为博弈的收益函数,在结构、性能和成本域相似度最大值搜索的基础上确定博弈双方的策略集;采用模拟退火算法求解Nash均衡解,得出符合博弈双方利益的产品配置方案.最后以某车间自动导引运输车配置推理为例,证明了文中方法的有效性.     

基于可拓知识的工业泵产品配置方法研究

针对现有产品配置设计过程中企业对历史设计数据利用率不高,客户需求分析不完全,产品配置可变化性不强等问题,提出了基于可拓知识的工业泵产品配置设计方法。通过分析企业历史数据信息,建立了工业泵产品的可拓配置模型,对工业泵产品配置进行求解;根据模块特征信息,采用了可拓距的相似度算法,实现产品配置实例的检索;最后通过可拓配置变换,消除客户需求与产品实例间矛盾不相容问题,实现了工业泵产品的智能配置。     

大规模定制下基于本体的服务产品配置研究*

为了研究服务产品大规模定制的实现,探讨了服务产品大规模定制的实现机理和关键技术,指出模块化设计对服务产品族及服务产品平台的重要性。在服务产品模块化设计的基础上,为了提高服务产品配置知识的共享性和重用性,提出了一般服务产品配置的模型和概念,结构化了服务产品配置的构件和模块,建立了服务产品配置本体。采用网络本体语言OWL形式化服务产品配置的结构知识,采用语义网规则语言SWRL编码服务产品配置的约束知识,并分别映射到JESS推理系统的知识库和规则库中,使用JESS推理机执行推理过程,产生配置结果。为说明该方法的     

基于UML的复杂配置产品数据模型研究

以UML描述的形式对复杂配置产品的数据模型进行了探讨,提出了具有实践意义的数据模型。在大规模定制产品的业务需求下,离散制造业提出对产品配置的动态高效管理需求。该模型建立了具有柔性特点的产品结构树,模型包含了一个由参数驱动的配置规则表示方法,将范树由设计视角向制造视角的转换过程与数据模型有机结合起来。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.