Ti-Al-Nb三元合金组织对力学性能的影响

通过合金设计的方法分别制备了具有单相(γ-TiAl)组织的合金A、二相(γ-TiAl+α2-Ti3Al)层片组织的合金B和三相(γ-TiAl+α2-Ti3Al+Nb2Al)混合组织的合金C3种Ti-Al-Nb三元合金,通过XRD、EPMA以及SEM等手段确定了这3种合金的组织结构和分布形态,并对这3种合金进行了室温和1173K的拉伸试验。结果表明,合金的显微组织与其性能密切相关,室温下合金B的塑性变形能力好于另外两种合金,这主要是因为α2相的存在降低了合金平均晶粒尺寸,由γ和α2两相构成的层片组织结构以及大量的γ/α2相界面。温度升高可以显著改善合金B的塑性变形能力,合金B在1173K时的拉伸延性达到40.4%,并且断裂方式从室温时的穿晶脆性断裂向1173K时的韧性断裂方式转变,而合金A、C不管在室温还是1173K,都显示出穿晶脆性断裂方式。合金C在室温和高温都很脆,是由于Nb2Al相的出现,降低了(γ+α2)两相层片组织的连续程度。     

Effect of cooling rate on the microstructure of electron beam welded joints of two-phase TiAl-based alloy

The analysis of the microstructural characterization and phase composition of electron beam welded joint zones of Ti- 43Al-9V-O. 3Y alloy has been done in this study. The welded seam is mainly composed of B2 phase, the partial γ ＋ α2 twophase lamellar structure and granular γm phase. And the lanthanon Y existed as YAl2 phase and served as grain refined. The impact of different cooling rates on joint microstructure, fracture characteristic and tensile strength were investigated. The high cooling rate restrained the structural transformation and resulted in the ordering structure. The fracture of the joint was brittle cleavage fracture because the ordering structure went against restraining the crack propagation. With the decrease of cooling rate, the transformation amounts of lamellar structure increased, and the fracture presented the layered and crosslayered characteristic.     

等温变形对γ-TiAl合金微观组织的影响

通过等温压缩特性及微观组织演变研究，提出了有效的γ-TiAl基合金晶粒细化方法。研究发现，如果γ-TiAl合金锭具有一定的细晶组织便可以在(α2 γ)2相区完成等温变形而不产生裂纹。动态再结晶和静态球化数量的增加是提高γ-TiAl合金变形能力的主要原因。将等温变形的模拟锻件在不同相区进行热处理获得了具有细小尺寸的3种(全片层、近片层和双态)组织。     

铸态Ti-46Al-6(Cr, Nb, Si, B)合金的高温流变行为及其组织演变

以3次真空自耗熔炼的Ti-46Al-6(Cr,Nb,Si,B)(at%)(以下简称G4合金)合金为对象,采用恒温等应变速率热模拟压缩试验研究G4合金在1050～1250℃及0.001～1s-1应变速率下的高温流变行为和组织演变。结果表明,在高温变形过程中,G4合金呈现先硬化后软化的流变行为特征,组织由粗大的铸态γ+γ/α2近片层组织演变为细小的近等轴γ+α2组织;造成G4合金流变软化和组织演变的主要原因是动态再结晶(DRX)。变形温度和应变速率是影响G4合金高温流变和组织演变的2个主要因素。铸态G4合金在高温下的变形机制以γ/α2层片晶团的扭折、弯曲、球化和DRX以及γ晶粒的拉长、破碎和DRX为主,孪生变形也起到了一定的辅助作用。其最佳高温塑性变形温度为1150℃,应变速率应不大于0.1s-1。     

热处理过程中DD6单晶高温合金的组织演化规律与力学性能

研究了DD6单晶高温合金在热处理过程中的显微组织演化规律以及初熔组织的生成机理。通过研究不同固溶时效处理对γ′相形貌、尺寸分布和体积分数的影响且分析了完全热处理后合金的显微硬度和拉伸性能,从而确定了合金最佳的热处理工艺。结果表明,通过差热分析法和金相观察法确定合金的初熔温度在1300~1310 ℃。在1315 ℃固溶处理4 h,枝晶间/枝晶干γ′相尺寸趋于一致,呈立方状均匀排列。在固溶处理过程中,γ/γ′共晶组织熔化生成了不规则初熔组织。在不同的一次时效工艺下,1120 ℃时效4 h空冷后,γ′相立方度更好,尺寸分布更均匀。合金最佳的热处理工艺为1290 ℃×1 h+1300 ℃×2 h+1315 ℃×4 h, AC+1120 ℃×4 h, AC+870 ℃×32 h, AC。合金在完全热处理后,随拉伸温度从室温升高至850 ℃时,强度达到峰值,温度继续升高,强度下降;在760 ℃拉伸时塑性最差,随着拉伸温度从760 ℃升高到950 ℃,塑性提高。     

铸造冷却速度对Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y挤压态合金组织性能的影响

本文通过两种不同冷却速度制备成分相同、铸造组织特征不同的Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y铸态合金,研究不同铸造组织特征对挤压变形态合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：与空冷铸造合金相比较,通过水冷冷却增大了熔体冷却速度,使铸态组织得到细化,抑制了W-相（Mg3Y2Zn3相）的形核,并促进了I-相（Mg3YZn6相）的生成,获得了更大体积分数的准晶相(I-相)。经过挤压变形后,水冷铸造合金中的再结晶晶粒细小均匀,经过挤压变形破碎的细小I-相颗粒弥散分布在基体上,{0002}基面织构得到弱化,而{101 ?2}织构强度增强,从而使挤压态Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y合金的强度和塑性都得到了大幅的提高。水冷铸造Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y合金经过挤压变形后,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到297.0MPa和327.3MPa,与空冷铸造挤压态合金相比分别提高了46.4MPa和21.4MPa。水冷铸造Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y挤压态合金的延伸率达到14.8%,与空冷铸造挤压态合金相比增大了4.7%。     

铸态和热处理态Ti-6.55Al-3.41Mo-1.77Zr合金微观组织和力学性能

采用真空感应熔炼炉将成分为Ti-6.55Al-3.41Mo-1.77Zr（质量分数）的α＋β钛合金在石墨模具中浇铸成棒材。铸态棒材在700°C下热锻后,通过两种不同的热处理后,分别得到细小和粗大的层片状结构。结果表明：铸态组织的晶粒尺寸约为660μm,而锻造后样品具有细小的晶粒尺寸,约为50μm。在1050°C热处理后的α＋β钛合金具有细小的层片状结构,得到最佳的硬度、拉伸性能和耐磨性。在800°C热处理后的α＋β钛合金具有粗大的层片状结构,具有最大的抗压强度。具有细小层片状结构的热处理态α＋β钛合金的磨损率较小,而铸态α＋β钛合金由于具有粗大和不均匀的微观组织,因此磨损率较大。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of large size Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y alloy pancake produced by pack-forging

A pancake of Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y (at.%) alloy with dimensions of ϕ480 mm × 46 mm was fabricated by pack-forging with a thick reduction of 80%. The as-forged Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y alloy pancake has a duplex (DP) microstructure, which is composed of B2/α₂/γ lamellar colonies and massive B2 and γ phase regions distributed along the boundaries between the lamellar colonies. Different microstructures were obtained by heat treatment of samples cut from the as-forged Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y alloy pancake. A fully lamellar (FL) structure consisting of B2/α₂/γ lamellar colonies was obtained after the heat treatment of 1350 °C/8 h. Tensile test results exhibited that the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the alloy with DP microstructure were decreased from 680.7 MPa to 834.3 MPa at room temperature to 589.5 MPa and 693.1 MPa at 700 °C, respectively, and the elongation (δ) of the alloy with DP microstructure was increased from 1.99% at room temperature to 12.12% at 700 °C; the elongation (δ) of the alloy with FL microstructure was increased from 1.52% at room temperature to 85.84% at 800 °C.     

C含量对铸造TiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响

在Ti-47.5Al-3.7(Cr,V,Zr)合金中添加0.05%~0.2%C(原子分数,下同),采用冷坩埚悬浮熔炼方法制备出了层片组织TiAl合金铸棒,通过组织观察、室温拉伸和蠕变性能测试研究了C含量对TiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加0.05%~0.2%C后,合金仍可获得择优取向层片组织。随C含量增加α2层片体积分数略有增加,层片间距呈细化趋势。当C含量超过0.1%时,在α2和γ层片内和层片界面上有细小的Ti2AlC型碳化物析出,碳化物析出相的尺寸和数量随C含量增加有所增加。添加0.05%~0.2%C后提高了合金室温的抗拉强度和屈服强度,且随C含量增加提升幅度逐渐增大,当C含量为0.2%时,分别将抗拉强度和屈服强度提升了101和123 MPa。添加C元素后显著改善了合金的蠕变性能,当C含量为0.1%时蠕变性能最佳,与不含C的合金相比,其塑性蠕变应变降低了一半、相同应变时的蠕变速率降低了1个数量级以上。添加0.1%C提升合金蠕变抗力的机制主要是通过抑制合金在蠕变初期的位错萌生和增殖过程;在γ层片中形成割阶和位错碎片阻碍位错继续运动,使得合金在蠕变第一阶段的应变硬化程度迅速增加;此外,析出的Ti2AlC型碳化物进一步强化层片界面和基体,与层片间距细化共同提高了穿层片滑移位错的运动阻力。     

Microstructure evolution in rapidly solidified Y added TiAl ribbons

In the present study, Ti–46Al–2Cr–2Nb (atomic ratio) based alloys with various yttrium additions (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 at.%) have been produced by melt spinning method and the microstructure evolution with Y additions was studied intensively. For comparison, cast alloys with the same compositions were also prepared by argon arc melting. Investigations revealed that Y additions have an evident influence on the microstructure of the both alloys. With the addition of up to 1.5 at.% Y, the microstructure of the as-cast alloys changed from lamellar, typical of the Y free alloy, to dendritic, while the addition of 2 at.% Y led to a finer dendritic structure than for the 1.5 at.% Y alloy. For the rapidly solidified TiAl based alloys, a considerably refined microstructure was produced. Increasing Y concentration progressively modified the phase constituents from γ-TiAl + α₂-Ti₃Al phase, to γ-TiAl + α₂-Ti₃Al + a small fraction of Al₂Y phase, and then to γ-TiAl + α₂-Ti₃Al + a small fraction of Al₂Y + B2 phase. Although the phase constitutions on the roll contact and free surfaces of the rapidly solidified ribbons were essentially the same, the microstructure of the former was finer than that of the latter.     

Interface microstructure evolution and bonding strength of TC11/γ-TiAl bi-materials fabricated by laser powder deposition

Laser powder deposition was applied to fabricate the Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si (wt%)/Ti–47Al–2Cr–2Nb–0.2W–0.15B (at%) bi-material system. The as-deposited TC11 alloy shows a basket-wave-like morphology while the as-deposited γ-TiAl alloy consists of fully α₂/γ lamellar microstructures. Regarding the thermal mismatch between TC11 and γ-TiAl during processing, the interface microstructure evolution was concerned. The transformation pathway was illustrated. It is found that the content changes of Al elements and β-stabilizers Mo, Cr, and Nb are responsible for the evolution of microstructures at the interface. The fracture surfaces are located at the γ-TiAl side. The bi-material shows a brittle-fracture manner, with the ultimate tensile strength of 560 MPa.     

生长速度与试样直径对定向凝固Ti-46Al-8Nb合金显微组织和硬度的影响

对Ti-46Al-8Nb（摩尔分数,%）合金进行布里奇曼型定向凝固实验,考察生长速度和试样直径对合金显微组织、相变路径和硬度的影响。结果表明,随着生长速度的增加和试样直径的减小,凝固过程由完全β相凝固转变为具有包晶反应的凝固过程,其最终显微组织为α2/γ层片及有α2/γ层片和B2相组成的多相组织。以上结果是由扩散和对流的减弱造成的溶质富集而引起的。包晶反应的发生往往导致严重的溶质偏析,其中溶质Al和Nb的偏析使得层片组织较为粗大。因此,在较高生长速度下发生包晶反应时,合金硬度值急剧下降,硬度曲线随着生长速度的增加呈不连续变化。严重溶质偏析导致的粗大层片组织也使得该成分合金的硬度低于其他Ti Al基合金的硬度。     

Microstructure and properties of a beta-solidifying TiAl-based alloy with different refiners

This study systematically compared the influences of yttrium(Y),boron(B),and carbon(C) on the microstructural refinement and properties of a Ti-43Al-5Nb alloy.The microstructural refinement effect in the TiAl alloy closely depends on the refiner used.The refinement effects of the three elements on colony size and lamellar thickness can be arranged as B Y C and Y C B,respectively.Moreover,a microstructure with a small grain size and ultra-fine lamellar spacing can be obtained by adding B and Y or B and C.The mechanical properties of TiAl alloy are also influenced by the refiners.TiAl alloys with proper B and Y contents exhibit favorable hot workability,tensile properties,and fracture toughness,whereas the C-containing alloy displays poor tensile properties and low fracture toughness.These results indicate that Y and B are more suitable microstructure refiners than C.This study may serve as a reference for practical alloying design.     

双级时效热处理ZM5合金的显微组织和力学性能

以ZM5合金为研究对象,通过显微组织分析和力学性能测试等手段,研究了其不同状态的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,铸态ZM5合金中存在呈网状分布的粗大不规则块状β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相;固溶处理后,β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相溶入α-Mg基体中,仅有少量残余的AlMn相;经T6处理后,沿晶界析出片层状β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相;经双级时效处理后,沿晶界析出片层状β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相及在晶内析出细小的针片状β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相。与铸态相比,热处理后ZM5合金的抗拉强度大幅提升;经双级时效处理后,其抗拉强度可达285MPa,比T6处理后的抗拉强度高20MPa。     

TC4/Ti60合金钎焊接头界面组织及力学性能

采用TiZrNiCu非晶钎料实现了TC4和Ti60异种钛合金的真空钎焊连接,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等分析手段研究了钎焊工艺参数对接头界面组织结构及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,TC4/TiZrNiCu/Ti60钎焊接头的典型界面结构为:TC4/α-Ti+β-Ti+(Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)/Ti60. 随着钎焊温度升高或保温时间延长,片层状α+β相逐渐填充整条钎缝,(Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)相含量减少且分布更加均匀. 接头室温抗拉强度随钎焊温度或保温时间的增加均先增大后减小,在990 ℃/10 min钎焊条件下所获接头抗拉强度达到最大为535.3 MPa. 断口分析结果表明,断裂位于钎缝中,断裂方式为脆性断裂.     

锶及固溶处理对AM50镁合金组织和高温力学性能的影响

研究了添加不同含量的锶(Sr)及固溶处理(T4)对AM50镁合金显微组织和高温(150℃)拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:当Sr加入量为0.7wt%和1.4wt%时,AM50合金中形成了层片状的Al4Sr新相,而Mg17Al12相被抑制形成,固溶处理使Al4Sr相由层片状转变为颗粒状。当Sr加入量为2.8wt%和3.5wt%时,AM50合金中形成了骨骼状的Sr5Al9新相,固溶处理使热稳定性较高的Sr5Al9相由骨骼状向层片状和颗粒状转变。加入Sr能细化晶粒并显著提高合金在150℃下的拉伸性能,固溶处理明显提高了AM50-2.8Sr和AM50-3.5Sr合金高温下的抗拉强度,但对AM50-0.7Sr和AM50-1.4Sr合金高温拉伸性能影响较小。     

Improvement of mechanical properties of the Ti–45Al–5Nb–1Mo–0.2B (аt %) intermetallic alloy by means of microstructure controlling

The effect of heat and thermomechanical treatments conditions on the microstructure and main mechanical characteristics (obtained by tensile, high-temperature long-term strength, fracture toughness, and high-cycle fatigue tests) of the Ti–45Al–5Nb–1Mo–0.2B (аt %) alloy was studied. Before the treatments, the sequence of phase transformations in the alloy after its solidification was determined by testquenching method. The obtained data were used to develop conditions for the heat and thermomechanical treatments. It was found that a small but stable increase in the plasticity and strength of the cast alloy is observed after three-stage annealing at temperatures that correspond to the (α + γ)- and (α₂ + β(В₂) + γ)-phase region. The thermomechanical treatment at temperatures corresponding to the (α(α₂) + β(В₂) + γ)-phase region and subsequent two-stage annealing at temperatures that correspond to the (α + β(В₂) + γ)- and (α₂ + β(В₂) + γ)-phase region lead to the formation of fine-grained duplex structure. This determined the substantial improvement of the low-temperature plasticity and strength (δ = 3.1% and σ_u = 860 MPa at 20°C, respectively) and retained high creep resistance to 700°C.     

CREEP OF POLYCRYSTALLINE NEAR γ-TiAl WITH A LAMELLAR MICROSTRUCTURE

Creep of a polycrystalline near γ-TiAl alloy in two fully lamellar conditions is presented. A lamellar structure with fine interface spacing and planar grain boundaries provides improved creep resistance. The lamellar structure with wide interface spacing and interlocked grain boundaries has <1/2 the creep life, five times the minimum strain rate and greater tertiary strain.Creep strain is accommodated by dislocation motion in soft grains, but the strain rate is controlled by hard grains. The resistance to fracture is controlled by the grain boundary morphology, with planar boundaries causing intergranular fracture.To maximize the creep resistance of near γ-TiAl with a lamellar microstructure requires narrow lamellar interface spacing and interlocked lamellae along grain boundaries.     

Influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.4Zr alloy

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.4Zr(mass fraction,%) alloy during annealing at 798 K for different time were investigated.In the as-cast state,the microstructure consists ofα-Mg,Mg_5(Gd,Y,Zn) eutectic compounds and stacking faults(SF) of basal plane distributed from grain boundary to inner grain.During heat treatment at 798 K,the SF and parts of eutectic compounds dissolve into the matrix gradually,simultaneously,a new straight lamellar phase with 14H typ...     

钛硅系铸造合金的微观组织演变

研究了钛硅系铸造合金的相组成、微观组织。X射线衍射试验表明,随着硅含量的增加,Ti5Si3相（ζ）的衍射峰越来越明显。同时,合金由固溶体的片状或网蓝片组织逐渐演变为典型的棒状共晶组织。结果表明,钛硅系铸造合金与传统的铸造钛合金有着截然不同的微观组织特征。