Optimization of SO<Subscript>3</Subscript> content in blended cementitious materials

Experimental investigation was conducted on the effects of gypsum types and SO₃ content on the fluidity and strengths of different cementitious systems. The experimental results show that influences of gypsum in various cementitious materials are different. For cementitious materials blended with various proportions of slag-fly ash and 5% gypsum content, influences of gypsum and calcined gypsum on the fluidity and flexural/compressive strength are similar. It is revealed that “combination effect” and “synergistic effect” of slag and fly ash play an important role during hydration. For cementitious materials with 45% clinkers, 30% slag, 20% fly ash and 5% limestone, the optimized SO₃ contents in gypsum and calcined gypsum are 3.13% and 3.51% respectively and the optimized gypsum content is 6.5%. While both of them are blended, the optimum ratio of gypsum to calcined gypsum is 40%:60% (total gypsum content 6.5%), correspondingly the optimum ratio of SO₃ is 19.3%:32. 4%. CHEN Mei-zhu : Born in 1974 Funded by Hubei Bureau of Science and Technology of China (981P0202)     

磷石膏保温砂浆的制备

为实现工业废渣磷石膏的再利用,将其预处理、煅烧(蒸压)制得建筑（高强）石膏,然后与水泥、硅灰一起作为胶凝材料,配合玻化微珠轻质骨料制备半水石膏基无机保温砂浆;以生石灰作为碱性激发剂,通过单因素实验,比较分析磷石膏含量、硅灰含量、骨胶比以及磷石膏处理工艺对砂浆抗压强度、导热系数、吸声等性能的影响.结果表明:经处理过的磷石膏（半水石膏）可直接作为胶凝材料使用,配制的保温砂浆最佳配合比（质量比）为磷石膏/水泥=0.80,骨胶质量比为1∶1,硅灰占胶凝材料总量的20%;砂浆的导热系数≤0.054 W/(m·k),干表面密度≤0.35 g/cm3,抗压强度＞0.3 MPa,达到了国家标准保温砂浆性能要求.     

矿渣-粉煤灰-氟石膏胶结材激发及毒性

研究了激发剂对氟石膏的激发效果和机理,复合氟石膏胶结材的强度、软化系数和浸出毒性。通过NaOH、Na2SO4和NaF对氟石膏激发试验,确定最优掺量均为1％。在此基础上,采用矿渣、粉煤灰、熟料对用量80％以上氟石膏进一步改性,发现Na2SO41％、矿渣2．5％、粉煤灰5％和氟石膏89％复合胶结材性能最好,28d抗压强度可达12．25MPa,软化系数可达0．70,浸出氟离子浓度降低到0．7485mg／L。SEM和XRD分析发现水化形成的二水石膏晶体与少量水化硅酸钙、钙矾石及氟化钙互相填充包裹,阻碍了水分进入,改善了复合胶结材耐水性能和降低了浸出毒性。     

Mechanical properties of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials

High performance aluminosilicate based cementitious materials were produced using calcined gangue as one of the major raw materials. The gangue was calcined at 500℃. The main constituent was calcined gangue, fly ash and slag, while alkali-silicate solutions were used as the diagenetic agent. The structure of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials was studied by the methods of IR, NMR and SEM. The results show that the mechanical properties are affected by the mass ratio between the gangue, slag and fly ash, the kind of activator and additional salt. For 28-day curing time, the compressive strength of the sample with a mass proportion of 2：1：1 （gangue： slag： fly ash） is 58.9 MPa, while the compressive strength of the sample containing 80wt% gangue can still be up to 52.3 MPa. The larger K^＋ favors the formation of large silicate oligomers with which AI（OH）4- prefers to bind. Therefore, in Na-K compounding activator solutions more oligomers exist which result in a stronger compressive strength of aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials than in the case of Na-containing activator. The reasons for this were found through IR and NMR analysis. Glauber＇s salt reduces the 3-day compressive strength of the paste, but increases its 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths.     

高强石膏的制备工艺研究

以天然石膏为原料采用加压水热法制备高强石膏,考察了水热温度、水热时间、膏水质量比和干燥温度对高强石膏力学性能的影响. 利用X射线衍射对不同条件下制备得到的高强石膏进行物相和结晶度分析,得出了天然石膏制备高强石膏最佳工艺. 结果表明:在水热温度为120℃~150℃时,高强石膏抗压强度随着水热温度的升高而减小;在水热温度120℃条件下,膏水质量比的增加使高强石膏抗压强度呈先增加后减小的变化趋势;水热时间、干燥温度对高强石膏的抗压强度影响较小;水热温度120℃、水热时间1h、膏水质量比50%、干燥温度110℃的条件下制备出的高强石膏抗压强度达到42.41MPa,符合高强石膏JC/T 2038-2010 强度标准.     

纳米SiO2超高强高流态混凝土及改性机理

通过正交试验提出纳米超高强高流态混凝土的胶凝材料配合比设计参数,并研究了纳米SiO₂的掺入对传统掺硅灰、粉煤灰超高强水泥基胶凝材料强度及工作性能的影响。在保证水胶比不变的条件下,开展了混凝土配合比试验,并研究了纳米SiO₂对混凝土抗压强度的影响及其微观机理。结果表明：超高强高流态混凝土中胶凝材料最优比例为：纳米SiO₂：硅灰：粉煤灰：水泥=1：8：20：71;在胶凝材料用量为600~1 000 kg/m³范围内,随着其掺量的增加,混凝土流动度不断增加,抗压强度先增大后减小,当其掺量为800 kg/m³时,抗压强度最大。分析认为,纳米SiO₂、硅灰与粉煤灰形成的三元多尺度堆积体系能优化粉体材料在混凝土中的微集料密实填充效应,纳米SiO₂的二次水化反应也有效改善了硬化水泥石的微观结构,并优化其形态分布,进一步增大其强度。     

新型固化剂GSC固化软土的力学性能试验研究

利用脱硫石膏及钢渣-矿渣复合胶凝材料(简称GSC)固化软土,既可以充分利用工业废渣,减少二次污染,又可以节约矿产资源,保护自然生态。通过研究在不同掺入比、不同水灰比和不同龄期时GSC固化土的无侧限抗压强度试验结果,分析了掺入比、水灰比、龄期对固化土强度的影响;同时引入似水灰比对GSC固化土后期强度进行预测。研究结果表明,GSC掺入比越大,对软土的固化效果越好,GSC固化土无侧限抗压强度随龄期的增长规律与水泥土一致但早期强度比水泥土低,当GSC掺入比高于水泥掺入比3%,在龄期达到28d后,如果GSC的水灰比小于水泥的水灰比时,GSC固化土的强度高于水泥土的强度,因此用GSC替代水泥作为软土固化剂可以满足固化土强度要求。     

钢渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料的水化性能和微观形貌

通过测定矿渣和钢渣部分取代水泥构成的钢渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料(SBC-CCM)的物相组成和80h内的水化热,研究了SBC-CCM试样的微观形貌和水化性能,并用正交试验结果分析了SBC-CCM中钢渣-矿渣的最佳掺量和比例。结果表明:SBC-CCM的水化过程和水化产物的物相组成与硅酸盐水泥的相似,矿渣在水化早期参与反应,钢渣在水化早期呈惰性;SBC-CCM的80h水化放热量和放热速率均低于水泥相应的数值;正交试验结果表明水胶比对SBC-CCM强度的影响最显著,矿渣-钢渣的最佳质量比为2∶1。     

电石渣—脱硫石膏复合激发充填材料性能及微观结构

针对传统充填材料高碳排放、高成本问题,以“绿色矿山”为理念,选用工业固废电石渣、脱硫石膏和矿渣为胶凝组分,以尾矿砂为骨料制备充填材料。利用X射线（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱分析(EDS)等手段研究充填料水化产物及微观形貌,并开展工作性能、力学性能和重金属固化性能试验。结果表明：所开发的充填材料凝结时间和流动度均满足矿山充填工程要求,充填体7、28 d抗压强度可达4.6、7.9 MPa,充填体浸出液中Pb、Zn浓度低于规定限值。电石渣内的氢氧化钙提供碱性环境,脱硫石膏提供硫酸根离子,两者对矿渣内的硅铝质原料复合激发,生成以钙矾石和C-A-S-H凝胶为主的水化产物。大量针棒状结构的钙矾石晶体及网状结构的C-A-S-H凝胶相互穿插,并且与尾砂颗粒紧密结合,随着龄期延长,结构更加致密,使充填体具有良好的力学性能。     

Optimization of Blended Mortars Using Steel Slag Sand

A new kind of mortar made of ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBFS）, gypsum, clinker and steel slag sand （〈4.75 mm） was developed. The ratio of steel slag sand to GGBFS was 1 ： 1 and the amount of gypsum was 4% by weight while the dosage of clinker ranged from 0% to 24%. The optimization formulation of such mortar was studied. The content of steel slag sand should be less than 50% according to the volume stability of blended mortar, and the dosage of clinker is about 10% based on the strength development. Besides strength, the hydration heat, pore structure and micro pattern of blended mortar were also determined. The experimental results show the application of steel slag sand may reduce the dosage of cement clinker and increase the content of industrial waste product such as GGBFS, and the clinker is also a better admixture for blended mortar using steel slag sand.     

米曲霉固态发酵苹果渣与棉粕生产中性蛋白酶的工艺优化研究

为降低中性蛋白酶的生产成本,以苹果渣与棉粕为原料,采用响应面法对其生产工艺进行了优化.实验结果表明,培养基中棉粕与苹果渣的最佳质量比为6∶4,培养基初始含水量、（NH4）2SO4与KH2PO4对产酶影响显著,其最佳质量分数分别为62.19%、2.56%与0.10%.ZnSO4与MgCl2是非显著性因素,其最适质量分数分别为0.10%与0.05%.采用上述培养基于30℃恒温培养24 h,干曲蛋白酶活力可达到4096.9 U/g,比优化前提高了54.7%,与采用豆粕与麸皮为原料时的产酶水平相当.     

石膏制备硫酸钙晶须工艺研究

以石膏为原料,采用水热法制备硫酸钙晶须。研究了料浆浓度、反应温度、反应时间、pH值等工艺条件对产品长径比的影响。通过显微镜观察测定了硫酸钙晶须的长径比,得出制备硫酸钙晶须的最优工艺条件为：反应温度130℃、料浆初始pH值10、料浆质量分数3％、反应时间为9h。在此条件下,硫酸钙晶须产品长径比为75。     

铁矿尾矿的活化及蒸养砖的制备

采用煅烧、磁选工艺对铁矿尾矿的惰性进行改性. 以改性后的铁矿尾矿为原料制备了蒸养砖,实现了对铁矿尾矿的废物利用. 将选矿尾矿与一定量煤粉混合煅烧,使其具有火山灰活性并使尾矿中的矿石矿物转变成磁铁矿. 对煅烧尾矿进行磁选,并检测三氧化二铝和二氧化硅的总溶出率. 以活化磁选后的铁矿尾矿为主要原料,采取干压成型制备了蒸养砖. 结果表明,煅烧后磁选能够将重选尾矿、浮选尾矿中的铁含量分别降低39.41 %和45.10 %,分选出来的铁精矿的品位均在57 %以上. 同时,重选尾矿的火山灰活性提高了近3倍,磁选尾矿的火山灰活性提高近2倍. 制备蒸养砖的最佳配合比为:水泥、建筑砂与尾矿的质量比为1∶1∶8,水料比0.15,石膏掺量为总干物料的2%. 所制得蒸养砖的抗折强度、抗压强度、吸水率、软化系数、干质量损失、干燥收缩率等性能指标都达到了非烧结砖的国标要求.     

矿物掺合料对机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆性能的影响

试验选用普通硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥与半水石膏的三元胶凝体系,选用机制砂作为细集料,制备全机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆.选用粉煤灰、石粉与硅灰作为矿物掺合料,并研究矿物掺合料对全机制砂制水泥基自流平砂浆流动度、抗压抗折强度与尺寸变化率的影响.研究结果表明:矿物掺合料的火山灰效应对自流平砂浆力学性能的发展产生积极影响,自流平砂...     

Variables Affecting the pH Measurement of Cement Mortars

A quantitative pH measuring method has been used to measure the pH of pure and blended cement mortars.The blended cement mortars incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash (FA),ground granulated ballast furnace slag (GGBFS) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) were used.Moreover,different variables affecting the pH values of CBMs such as temperature of sample solution,quantity of sample powder,dilution ratio and temporary storage of sample during pH measuring process have been studied for all cement mortars.     

复合助剂改性泡沫石膏的凝结性能研究

以石膏为基材,以差皂粉、水泥、引气剂和铝粉膏为复合助剂组分,以初凝时间和终凝时间为指标,采用L9（34）正交试验方法,测定和分析了复合助剂对泡沫石膏凝结性能的影响.结果表明：复合助剂不仅能产生适量泡沫,而且能有效调节石膏的凝结性能,在所选的因素水平范围内,复合助剂改性的泡沫石膏初凝时间分布在23~35 min,终凝时间分布在32~48 min,凝结性能良好,能满足工程施工的工作性要求;当复合助剂的组成为水泥掺量30%、差皂粉掺量0.35%、引气剂掺量50%、铝粉膏掺比1/2 600时,泡沫石膏的综合凝结性能较优,其初凝时间为33 min,终凝时间为48 min.     

大掺量粉煤灰路面基层专用水泥的制备与性能

研究了一种大掺量的具有缓凝微膨胀性的路面基层稳定专用水泥,分析了石膏掺量、粉煤灰掺量对该种水泥的强度和凝结时间的影响。研究表明:这种水泥具有凝结时间长的特点,随着石膏掺量的增加,水泥的凝结时间和强度都有一个最大值,石膏的用量控制在SO3含量4.0%左右为宜,粉煤灰掺量增加,水泥的凝结间延长,强度逐渐降低,当掺量大于50%后,水泥的水化过程明显延缓。这种水泥的胶砂强度比32.5级水泥略低,但采用这种水泥稳定粒料的强度比采用通用水泥稳定粒料的强度有明显提高,达到相同的设计强度可以节省水泥用量15%左右。     

Cemented backfill technology based on phosphorous gypsum

Physical-chemical properties of phosphorous gypsum, proportion and cemented mechanism of slurry with gypsum as aggregate were studied to remove the harms of gypsum pile, combining with difficult problems of excessive mined-out gobs, enormous ore body under roadway and low recovery ratio of Yongshaba Mine, Kaiyang Phosphor Mine Group, Guizhou Province, China. An appropriate backfill system and craftwork were designed, using shattering milling method to crush gypsum, double-axles mixing and strong activation mixing way to mix slurry, cemented slurry and mullock backfill alternately process. The results show that gypsum is fit for backfilling afterwards by adding fly ash, though it is not an ideal aggregate for fine granule and coagulate retardation. The suggested dosage (the mass ratio of cement to fly ash to gypsum) is 1:1:6–1:1:8 with mass fraction of solid materials 60%–63%. Slurry is transported in suspend state with non-plastic strength, and then in concretion state after backfilling. The application to mine shows the technology is feasible, and gypsum utilization ratio is up to 100%. Transportation and backfill effect is very good for paste-like slurry and drenching cemented slurry into mullock, and the compressive strength and recovery ratio are 2.0 MPa and 82.6%, respectively, with the maximum subsidence of surface only 1.307 mm. Furthermore, the investment of system is about 7×10⁶ yuan (RMB), only 1/10 of that of traditional paste backfill system. Foundation item: Project (2006BAB02A03) supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program; Project (08MX16) supported by Mittal Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Central South University during 2008     

脱硫石膏与天然石膏的应用研究

通过掺入脱硫石膏、天然石膏的水泥净浆、水泥砂浆的相关试验,得出掺入石膏后,试件的膨胀率增大幅度很大,且脱硫石膏在水中的膨胀率大于天然石膏;随着掺量的增加,脱硫石膏的抗折、抗压强度值明显高于天然石膏,脱硫石膏完全可以代替天然石膏,节约能源,节约资源,该试验成果为以后大量使用脱硫石膏提供了可靠的理论技术依据.     

用碱式硫酸盐激发废弃粗粉煤灰的研究

通过研究碱式硫酸盐对废弃粗粉煤灰一水泥系统的强度发展、水化程度及样品孔隙率等的影响，发现掺入Na2SO4和K2SO4可以大幅提高废弃粗粉煤灰一水泥系统在早期和晚期的抗压强度，在试验条件下，掺Na2SO4的最佳掺量为总重量的6％,K2S04的最佳掺量为总重量的4％，这些最优掺量都与激发剂的溶解度有关。抗压强度的结果显示，在养护后期Na2SO4对强度发展的促进作用要优于K2SO4。水化程度测试的结果则表明，在早期碱式硫酸盐作用下大量溶解的废弃粗粉煤灰中的活性成分，要在后期才能够完全参与火山灰反应。