Influence of Temperature on Electrochemical Performances of Rare Earth Based Hydrogen Storage Material

1 IntroductionRare earth-based hydrogenstorage alloys ofAB5typehave beenthe most major electrode material for small-sizeNi/MHbatteries because of their high discharge capacity,superior highrate capability andfavorable ratio of pricetoperformance. But their electrochemical performances be-come worse when the alloys are applied to large-size Ni/MHbatteries of electric vehicles .Thisfact may be due tothe rising of temperature inside the large batteries causedbythe high electric current of char…     

钛合金微弧氧化抗高温氧化研究现状

钛合金因具备高强度、耐蚀性及比强度高等特点被广泛应用于军用及民用等各个领域。但是,其在高温环境使用时会发生高温氧化反应,导致其性能降低,限制了它的使用。微弧氧化（MAO）技术可使钛合金表面原位生长一层致密的氧化膜,膜层与金属基体结合能力强,拥有一定的耐磨、耐蚀及抗高温等特性,且其工艺流程简单高效、成本低而环保,可明显提高钛合金的抗氧化性,延长其在高温条件下的服役时间。综述了MAO技术在钛合金抗高温氧化领域的研究现状,总结了反应参数、电解液、微弧氧化反应时间及电源模式等条件对微弧氧化陶瓷膜层结构和抗高温氧化性能的影响。     

锅炉受热面钢材离子硼钼共渗后耐磨性能试验研究

研究了电厂锅炉受热面常用合金钢12Cr1MoV表面离子硼钼共渗处理后,在300～450℃的耐热态飞灰冲蚀磨损性能.试验结果表明:经离子硼钼共渗处理后的12Cr1MoV耐磨性能有所提高,并且其磨损规律仍呈现热态规律.用电镜扫描(SEM)和辉光放电光谱分析仪对试件进行渗层分析表明,试件表面渗层的元素组成及其含量对材料耐磨性能有较大的影响.     

Cu对高淬速AB5型贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

用Cu替代Mn(NiMnAl)4.9C00.4合金中50％的Co元素，对两种合金分别进行快淬处理，测试了它们的活化性能，放电容量，放电电压性能和高倍率放电能力，试验结果表明，Cu替代Co元素不影响合金的活化次数，且使放电容量，低倍率放电电压平台得到明显改善，但高倍率放电电压特性格略有降低，合金的高倍率放电能力下降。     

真空自耗熔炼钛锆合金锭的研制及性能研究

采用真空自耗电极电弧熔炼法熔炼钛锆合金铸锭．实验分析了真空自耗熔炼钛锆合金锭的影响因素,并对钛锆合金力学性能分析．结果表明：钛锆合金与纯钛相比具有较高的硬度及良好的抗拉强度．     

钙对Mg-8%Al镁合金组织及性能的影响

为了提高镁铝合金的力学性能,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射仪等分析手段及室温与高温力学性能测试,研究了0.5%Ca对Mg-8%Al合金组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,Mg 8%Al合金中加入0.5%Ca后,晶粒得到明显细化,沿α固溶体晶界分布的β-Mg-17-Al-12相变得细小、光滑,β-Mg-17-Al-12相周围的次生相消失;加入的钙除形成钙的化合物外,还有少量溶入β-Mg-17-Al-12中,基体中不含钙;0.5%Ca可使Mg-8%Al合金的室温及高温力学性能得到明显提高.     

添加氧化钙的硅酸锆陶瓷的性能

以硅酸锆和硝酸钙为原料,采用湿磨的方法实现原料的均匀混合,制备了系列的添加氧化钙的硅酸锆陶瓷,利用阿基米德法和X-射线衍射技术对硅酸锆陶瓷的密度、物相变化进行了表征,测试了其显微结构和抗折强度,重点讨论氧化钙添加量和烧成温度对硅酸锆陶瓷的影响.结果表明,1 450℃和1 500℃烧结试样的体积密度随氧化钙添加量改变有较小变化,1 550℃烧结试样密度则随着氧化钙添加量增大而减小,密度最大值可达4.19克/立方厘米;样品的物相由硅酸锆和单斜氧化锆及少量稳定氧化锆组成,主晶相为硅酸锆;硅酸锆陶瓷有较多的气孔,是其致密度小的主要原因,硅酸锆陶瓷的主要断裂方式是沿晶断裂;硅酸锆陶瓷的抗折强度随着烧成温度的升高明显降低,随氧化钙添加量增大而先减小再增大,抗折强度最高可达186.0兆帕.     

模拟钛合金TC4表面复合铝基碳化硅材料的研究

在钛合金表面复合一层铝基碳化硅材料,可以获得一种兼顾钛合金及铝基碳化硅材料性能优势的新型复合材料,为提高复合件的质量,通过模拟仿真,获得复合的数据。为确保数据的准确性,将测试的钛合金及铝基碳化硅材料热膨胀系数作为参数导入仿真,观察影响钛合金及铝基碳化硅材料复合的主要因素在于两者的热膨胀系数的差异,这一差异可以通过调整钛合金或铝基碳化硅材料的成分获得改善,这为分析钛合金及铝基碳化硅材料复合件的质量提供了指导。     

Effect of lead foam grid on performance of lead-acid battery

In order to increase the specific energy and specific power of a lead-acid battery, lead foam grid was prepared by electrodepositing Pb-Sn alloy on a copper foam substrate and used as negative current collector for a lead acid battery whose capacity was limited by the negative plate. Comparing the effect of the cast grid, under the same conditions, the mass of lead foam grid decreases by 35% , and the area of lead foam contacted with active material increases by about 20 times. Under 2 h rate discharge condition, with a high current (3.0 I2 ) e and low-temperature ( -10℃,I2) discharge system, the lead foam grid markedly boosts the discharge performance of lead acid battery. It increases not only the negative electrode mass specific capacity by 27% ,37% and 29% ,but also the utilization efficiency of the negative active material by 5%. Compared with the negative electrode of cast grid, XRD and SEM results show that after 20 cycles at the state of charge, the sponge lead in the negative lead foam electrode has smaller crystals and less PbSO4 on its surface. Meanwhile, at the state of full discharge, the PbSO4 crystals are smaller and occur less on the surface of lead foam electrode. This indicates its active material reacts more uniformly.     

表面预制微槽对铸铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜结构和性能的影响

为了探索表面预制微槽对铸铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜微观结构及性能的影响,在ZL108铝合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、数字显微硬度计、多功能表面性能测试仪、电化学工作站等对膜层形貌及性能进行测试。结果表明:相比光滑试样形成的氧化膜层,微槽试样表面形成的膜层较厚、结合力较大,但由于微槽位置放电集中,能量过高,导致膜层多孔疏松,使硬度和耐蚀性降低;虽然表面微槽使得膜层质量略有下降,但其能提高微弧氧化放电能量,增加成膜速率。     

镁、锆离子掺杂磷酸铁锂的制备及其电化学性能

采用燃烧法,在不通入惰性气体保护的环境下,合成了Mg²⁺ 、Zr⁴⁺掺杂的磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）正极材料. 通过X射线衍射、傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、恒电流充放电循环技术,对材料的结构和电化学性能（放电性能、循环性能）进行表征. 结果表明,Mg²⁺ 、Zr⁴⁺的掺入没有改变材料的橄榄石型结构,但显著改善了材料的电化学性能,其中Zr⁴⁺掺杂的LiFePO₄具有更高的放电比容量,在0.2 C放电倍率下最高达到143.4 mAh/g,且循环性能良好（经50次循环后放电比容量为126.3 mAh/g）.     

Influence of Density on Compressive Properties and Energy Absorption of Foamed Aluminum Alloy

The foamed aluminum alloys with different densities were fabricated by melt foaming technique. The compressive properties and energy absorption of the foamed aluminum alloy with different densities were analyzed. The results reveal that the compressive stress-strain curves follow the typical behavior of cellu- lar foams with three deformation stages. Under the same strain, the energy absorption capability decreases with the decrease of density. However, with increasing the strain, the energy absorption efficiency of foamed metal increases initially and then decreases. The lower the density, the longer the plateau region, within the range of high strain, the energy absorption efficiency is always high.     

正交试验优化金红石型钛白粉锆铝包膜工艺研究

以金红石型钛白粉为原料,以分散剂用量、锆铝包膜剂的比例、搅拌速度和陈化时间为影响因素,采用L9（34）正交试验,研究了金红石型钛白粉表面锆铝二元包膜的最佳工艺条件。通过Zeta电位分析确定了较佳的工艺条件,同时利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪等对所得基料A和最佳包覆条件下包膜的样品B的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明：在分散剂添加质量分数为1.0%,锆铝包膜剂的质量之比为2：1,搅拌速度为270 r/min,陈化时间为2 h的条件下,Zr O2和Al2O3能通过Ti—O—Zr和Zr—O—Al键键合在金红石型钛白粉的表面,形成较为稳定的包覆层。     

Thermo-plasticity of high-strength and high-ductility 7050 aluminum ingot

Thermo-plasticity of homogenized 7050 aluminum ingot was investigated by instantaneous tensile tests conducted at different temperatures. The results show that, with the increase of testing temperatures, the strength decreases, and the plasticity increases firstly and then decreases in homogenized 7050 ingot. When the studied alloy is deformed between 380 °C and 420 °C, the deformation resistance is lower and plasticity is better. And the actual heating temperature for ingot before hot extrusion should be controlled between 360 °C and 400 °C. At low tensile temperatures, the deformation structure is mainly composed of dislocation substructure. With the increase of testing temperatures, transgranular fracture transforms into intergranular fracture progressively during deformation. At high tensile temperatures, the grain boundaries are weakened, deformation is concentrated at the grain boundaries and the re-orientation of equilibrium phases at grain boundaries appears.     

Influence of quench transfer time on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy

The influence of quench transfer time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy with and without zirconium was investigated by tensile properties test, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. For the Zr-free alloy, the strength increases to the highest value at 20 s with transfer time, and then decreases slightly. The elongation decreases slowly with transfer time within 20 s, and more rapidly after 20 s. For the Zr-containing alloy, prolonging transfer time within 20 s results in slight decrease in the strength and elongation, and rapid drop of which is observed after 20 s. For the Zr-free alloy, prolonging transfer time can increase the percentage ofintergranular fracture, which is mainly caused by wide grain boundary precipitate free zone. The failure mode of the Zr-containing alloy is modified from the predominant transgranular void growth and intergranular fracture to transgranular shear and intergranular fracture with increase in the transfer time, which is attributed to the wider grain boundary precipitate free zone and coarse equilibrium η phases in the matrix.     

Structures and Electrochemical Performances of As-spun RE-Mg-Ni-Mn-based Alloys Applied to Ni-MH Battery

The La-Mg-Ni-Mn-based AB₂-type La_1-xCe_xMgNi_3.5Mn_0.5 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) alloys were fabricated by melt spinning technology. The effects of Ce content on the structures and electrochemical hydrogen storage performances of the alloys were studied systematically. The XRD and SEM analyses proved that the experimental alloys consist of a major phase LaMgNi₄ and a secondary phase LaNi₅. The variation of Ce content causes an obvious change in the phase abundance of the alloys without changing the phase composition. Namely, with the increase of Ce content, the LaMgNi₄ phase augments and the LaNi₅ phase declines. The lattice constants and cell volumes of the alloys clearly shrink with increasing Ce content. Moreover, the Ce substitution for La results in the grains of the alloys clearly refined. The electrochemical tests showed that the substitution of Ce for La obviously improves the cycle stability of the as-spun alloys. The analyses on the capacity degradation mechanism demonstrate that the improvement can be attributed to the ameliorated anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation ability originating from substituting partial La with Ce. The as-spun alloys exhibit excellent activation capability, reaching the maximum discharge capacities just at the first cycling without any activation treatment. The substitution of Ce for La evidently improves the discharge potential characteristics of the as-spun alloys. The discharge capacity of the alloys first increases and then decreases with growing Ce content. Furthermore, a similar trend also exists in the electrochemical kinetics of the alloys, including the high rate discharge ability (HRD), hydrogen diffusion coefficient (D), limiting current density (I_L) and charge transfer rate.     

二氧化钛溶胶制备的掺钛磷酸亚铁锂正极材料

采用二氧化钛溶胶作为掺杂剂,经过450℃和750℃两段烧结制备得到橄榄石型结构的掺钛磷酸亚铁锂微米样品.研究表明,在30℃下,采用0.1C、2C和10C倍率电流充放电时,掺钛磷酸亚铁锂第一循环的放电容量分别为136、114和98 mAh·g^(-1).掺钛改善磷酸亚铁锂大电流放电性能是由于掺钛引起橄榄石结构的晶胞的收缩而更稳定,导致在电化学体系中掺钛磷酸亚铁锂的电荷传递阻抗减小,锂离子扩散系数明显增大.     

Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Performance of the Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Pr-Mg-Ni-based Alloys Synthesized by Mechanical Milling

The PrMg12-type composite alloy of PrMg₁₁Ni + x wt% Ni (x=100,200) with an amorphous and nanocrystalline microstructure were synthesized through the mechanical milling.Effects of milling duration and Ni content on the microstructures and electrochemical hydrogen storage performances of the ball-milled alloys were methodically studied.The ball-milled alloys obtain the optimum discharge capacities at the first cycle.Increasing Ni content dramatically enhances the electrochemical property of alloys.Milling time varying may obviously impact the electrochemical performance of these alloys.The discharge capacities show a significant upward trend with milling duration prolonging,but milling for a longer time more than 40 h induces a slight decrease in the discharge capacity of the x=200 alloy.As milling duration increases,the cycle stability clearly lowers,while it first declines and then augments under the same condition for the x=200 alloy.The high-rate discharge abilities of the ball-milled alloys show the optimum values with milling time varying.     

TC4钛合金在不同温度下的剪压缩失效

利用Fallwerk试验装置,在高应变率(102s-1)下,采用动态剪压缩试验研究TC4钛合金不同温度下的剪压缩失效现象。通过试验发现:相同温度下,流变应力随应变的增大不断增加,到达峰值后发生应力塌陷,即剪切失效;相同应变下,温度越高,材料的屈服强度和流变应力均明显下降,且峰值应力向应变增大的方向移动,即塑性变形能力逐渐加强;温度升高,材料的剪切失效能力减弱,在673 K至873 K温度区间内存在一个温度极限值。在该极限值以下,材料易发生剪切失效。同时,根据试验数据拟合了峰值应力和最大塑性应变与温度的曲线方程,为钛合金的研究提供了理论依据。     

7475铝合金与TC18钛合金接触腐蚀研究

为了研究7475铝合金接触腐蚀性能,测定了7475铝合金和TC18钛合金组成的电偶对的电偶电流,利用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对腐蚀表面形貌和深度进行分析,研究了7475铝合金和TC18钛合金在使用中接触时产生电偶腐蚀的敏感性.结果表明:7475铝合金不同表面处理状态与TC18接触时,7475铝合金与TC18接触腐蚀严重,电偶腐蚀的敏感性为C级.7475阳极化与TC18阳极化处理后接触腐蚀敏感性降低,电偶腐蚀的敏感性为A级,对7475阳极化后进行涂漆可进一步降低电偶腐蚀电流.