EFFECTS OF SIGNAL AND STIMULUS RATES ON VIGILANCE PERFORMANCE.

INVESTIGATED THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF CRITICAL SIGNAL RATE, NORMAL NONCRITICAL SIGNAL RATE, AND CRITICAL SIGNAL PROBABILITY ON DETECTION IN A VISUAL VIGILANCE TASK. 72 COLLEGE SS MONITORED A CLOCK DISPLAY FOR 54 MIN. RESULTS SUGGEST THAT NORMAL SIGNAL RATE MAY BE OF GREATER IMPORTANCE IN A VIGILANCE SITUATION THAN EITHER CRITICAL SIGNAL RATE OR CRITICAL SIGNAL PROBABILITY. IN GENERAL, BOTH PERCENTAGE OF DETECTIONS AND PERCENTAGE OF STIMULI FALSELY RESPONDED TO WERE INVERSELY RELATED TO NORMAL SIGNAL PRESENTATION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY AS A FUNCTION OF TYPE OF STIMULUS OBJECTS JUDGED AND AFFECTIVE STIMULUS VALUE.

INVESTIGATED THE DEGREE TO WHICH STUDENT CLINICIANS DIFFERENTIATE AMONG CLIENTS AND SIGNIFICANT OTHERS AS ROLE TYPES, AND TO WHICH THE DEGREE OF DIFFERENTIATION VARIES AS A FUNCTION OF THE AFFECTIVE VALUE OF THE STIMULUS PERSON. COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY, DERIVED FROM A MODIFICATION OF KELLY'S ROLE CONSTRUCT REPERTORY TEST, WAS USED AS AN INDEX OF DIFFERENTIATION. RESULTS INDICATE THAT MORE DIFFERENTIATIONS WERE MADE AMONG CLIENTS THAN SIGNIFICANT OTHERS. THE DEGREE OF DIFFERENTIATION MADE AMONG CLIENTS WAS NOT AFFECTED BY THE AFFECTIVE VALUE OF THE STIMULUS PERSON, WHEREAS, WITH SIGNIFICANT OTHERS, SS MADE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH NEGATIVE AFFECT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

提高企业专题信息调研水平的探讨

指出了企业专题信息调研产品必须具备的信息功能,对如何强化调研程序的主要环节进行了探讨。     

THE NATURE OF THE STIMULUS IN PRIMARY STIMULUS GENERALIZATION.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT S MAY MAKE A DISCRIMINATIVE RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS BUT THE DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS MIGHT DIFFER DEPENDING UPON THE S . CHILDREN WERE REINFORCED FOR RESPONDING TO AN SD (A 10-IN BLACK SQUAR) AND NONREINFORCED FOR RESPONDING TO ARE S . IN THE 1ST 2 CONDITIONS THE S LACKED FORM OR CONTOUR. IN THE REMAINING 2 CONDITIONS THE S CONTAINED CONTOUR. HERE, THE S WAS A 9-IN BLACK EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE OR A 4-IN LIGHT GREY SQUARE. FOLLOWING DISCRIMINATION TRAINING, SS WERE PRESENTED WITH GENERALIZATION STIMULI THAT VARIED ALONG A SIZE DIMENSION FROM THE S . STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DECREASING GRADIENTS WERE OBTAINED ONLY UNDER THOSE CONDITIONS IN WHICH THE S CONTAINED CONTOUR. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CHANGES IN THE EFFECTS OF A WAKING SUBLIMINAL STIMULUS AS A FUNCTION OF DREAMING AND NONDREAMING SLEEP.

ATTEMPTED TO DETERMINE IF THE PRESLEEP WAKING STATE, STAGE I, AND STAGE II SLEEP COULD BE DISTINGUISHED ON THE BASIS OF THOUGHT PROCESSES PARALLELING THE PSYCHOANALYTIC CONCEPT OF PRIMARY- AND SECONDARY-PROCESS THINKING. A SPECIAL SUBLIMINAL TECHNIQUE WAS USED WHICH ELICITED PRIMARY- AND SECONDARY-PROCESS LEVELS OF RESPONSES TO THE SAME STIMULUS. IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT STAGE I WOULD SHOW MORE EVIDENCE OF PRIMARY-PROCESS THINKING AND STAGE II MORE EVIDENCE OF SECONDARY-PROCESS THINKING. THESE HYPOTHESES WERE SUPPORTED BY RESULTS FROM FREE ASSOCIATIONS OBTAINED DURING THE PRESLEEP WAKING STATE AND AFTER AWAKENINGS FROM STAGE I AND STAGE II SLEEP, BUT WERE NOT SUPPORTED BY SLEEP REPORTS OR FREELY EVOKED IMAGES. THE BEARING OF THESE FINDINGS ON UNDERSTANDING THE SLEEP-DREAM CYCLE IS DISCUSSED. (27 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECT OF STIMULUS, BACKGROUND, PERSONALITY, AND SCORING SYSTEM ON THE MANIFESTATION OF HOSTILITY ON THE TAT.

A FIELD-APPROACH INVESTIGATION ON THE DETERMINATION OF TAT HOSTILITY IN STUDENTS INVOLVED THE USE OF SUCH INDEPENDENT VARIABLES AS THE STIMULUS (3 LEVELS OF SCALED PICTORIAL HOSTILITY), BACKGROUND ("IMPERSONAL" OR "LOOK YOUR BEST" INSTRUCTIONS), AND PERSONALITY (PEER AND SELF-CONCEPT EVALUATION AS HOSTILE OR FRIENDLY). 9 SCORING SYSTEMS OF HOSTILITY WERE EXAMINED VIA A TYPE III ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE. THE STIMULUS WAS THE PRIME DETERMINANT. THE SELF-CONCEPT WAS CONSIDERABLY MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE OBJECTIVE POSSESSION OF HOSTILITY. LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN IMPORTANCE WAS FOUND FOR 7 OF THE 9 SCORING SYSTEMS. ALL STIMULUS LEVELS INFLUENCED THE RESPONSE, BUT VARIED WIDELY IN EXTENT OF INFLUENCE ACCORDING TO THE SCORING SYSTEM AND INTERACTION WITH OTHER VARIABLES. (18 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF AGE AND INTELLIGENCE ON THE OPERATION OF SUPPRESSION.

GRADE SCHOOL SS AT 3 AGE LEVELS (M = 8, 91/2, AND 111/2) WERE GIVEN A TAT-LIKE PICTURE WITH A LIMITED NUMBER OF PROMINENT STIMULUS OBJECTS AND ASKED TO TELL STORIES WHICH EXCLUDED 1 OF THE STIMULI. RESPONSES WERE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PROCESS USED IN SUPPRESSING THE FORBIDDEN STIMULUS. INTELLIGENCE, MEASURED BY SCORES ON FIGURE DRAWINGS, WAS UNCORRELATED WITH ABILITY TO SUPPRESS. DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES, HOWEVER, WERE APPARENT. SEVERAL OF THE YOUNGER SS WERE UNABLE TO COMPLY WITH THE TASK AT ALL, AND GENERALLY USED MORE PRIMITIVE SUPPRESSIVE METHODS THAN OLDER SS. IN ADDITION, THE NUMBER AND REFINEMENT OF SUPPRESSIVE TECHNIQUES USED BY ALL GRADE SCHOOL SS WERE MORE LIMITED THAN THOSE USED BY OLDER SS PREVIOUSLY STUDIED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

BRAND AWARENESS: EFFECTS OF FITTINGNESS, MEANINGFULNESS, AND PRODUCT UTILITY.

STUDIED COMPARATIVE INFLUENCES OF FITTINGNESS AND MEANINGFULNESS OF THE BRAND NAME AND THE UTILITY OF THE PRODUCT REPRESENTED BY THE BRAND NAME ON BRAND AWARENESS. PROPOSED AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF FITTINGNESS AND A METHOD OF SELECTING FITTING BRAND NAMES. 24 MALE AND 24 FEMALE SS 1ST RATED BRAND NAMES FROM ADVERTISEMENTS AND THEN RECALLED THE BRAND NAMES. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS INCLUDED 3 LEVELS OF PRODUCT UTILITY, 2 LEVELS OF MEANINGFULNESS, AND 2 LEVELS OF FITTINGNESS FOLLOWING A FACTORIAL DESIGN. BRAND AWARENESS WAS BETTER FOR: (1) HIGHLY MEANINGFUL, AND (2) FITTING BRAND NAMES. MEANINGFULNESS INFLUENCED BRAND AWARENESS ONLY WHEN BRAND NAMES WERE NONFITTING. EFFECTS OF CULTURAL FACTORS ON BRAND AWARENESS WERE NOTICED WHEN BRAND RECALL FOR 3 PRODUCT-UTILITY CATEGORIES WAS ANALYZED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MODERATING EFFECTS OF INTELLIGENCE ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF EXTRAVERSION AND NEUROTICISM.

ATTEMPTED TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMATICALLY MODERATED THE RELATIONSHIP OF EXTRAVERSION (E) AND NEUROTICISM (N). FROM 215 MALE SS, 5 GROUPS OF 43 SS EACH WERE RANKED FROM HIGH TO LOW ON THE BASIS OF INTELLIGENCE TEST SCORES, AND WITHIN EACH GROUP E AND N MEASURES WERE CORRELATED. NO PATTERN OF CORRELATIONS EMERGED THAT INDICATED ANY MODERATING EFFECT OF INTELLIGENCE. AS EXPECTED, MOST OF THE CORRELATIONS WERE IN THE NEGATIVE DIRECTION AND INSIGNIFICANT. DATA WERE DISCUSSED IN REGARD TO THE SEARCH FOR RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COGNITIVE VARIABLES AND PERSONALITY/MOTIVATIONAL VARIABLES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

THE EFFECTS OF VERBAL REINFORCEMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS ON THE ATTAINMENT OF SIZE CONSTANCY.

THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF VERBAL REINFORCEMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS IN CHANGING BEHAVIOR WAS INVESTIGATED IN THE CONTEXT OF A SIZE JUDGMENT TASK IN WHICH REDUCED CUES NORMALLY LED TO RETINAL RATHER THAN OBJECTIVE SIZE JUDGMENTS. SS RATED THE DEGREE OF MATCH IN PHYSICAL SIZE BETWEEN A STANDARD AND SET OF COMPARISON STIMULI IN 60 TRAINING TRIALS. EACH GROUP RECEIVED EITHER (1) POSITIVE VERBAL REINFORCEMENT FOR CORRECT RATINGS, (2) INSTRUCTIONS EMPHASIZING THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE ACTUAL AND APPARENT PHYSICAL SIZES OF OBJECTS, (3) BOTH REINFORCEMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS, OR (4) NEITHER REINFORCEMENT NOR INSTRUCTIONS. SS WERE THEN TESTED FOR ATTAINMENT OF SIZE CONSTANCY IN THE SAME VIEWING SITUATION FOR BOTH SIZE AND DISTANCE JUDGMENTS USING A METHOD OF ADJUSTMENT. IN BOTH TRAINING AND THE TESTS FOR SIZE CONSTANCY, THE GROUP RECEIVING BOTH INSTRUCTION AND REINFORCEMENT WAS SUPERIOR; REINFORCEMENT ALONE APPEARED TO HAVE NO EFFECT UPON JUDGMENTS WHILE INSTRUCTION ALONE DID. THE RESULTS SUPPORT A COGNITIVE VIEW OF THE FUNCTION OF REINFORCEMENT IN COMPLEX HUMAN LEARNING AND DEMONSTRATE THE NEED FOR FURTHER CONCEPTUALIZATION AND INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF INSTRUCTION IN THE MODIFICATION OF BEHAVIOR. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF STIMULUS INTENSITY ON REHEARSED AND UNREHEARSED MATERIAL IN SHORT-TERM AUDITORY MEMORY.

THE EFFECT OF VARYING THE STIMULUS INTENSITY (LOUDNESS) ON THE RECALL OF 9-DIGIT SEQUENCES WAS STUDIED USING 2 PRESENTATION RATES. AT 1 DIGIT/SEC AND WITH INSTRUCTIONS FOR 3, 3, AND 3 REHEARSAL GROUPING, STIMULUS INTENSITY WAS FOUND TO BE A VARIABLE ONLY IN THE CASE OF THE LAST 3 DIGITS, WHICH ACCORDING TO REHEARSAL INSTRUCTIONS WERE UNREHEARSED. NO EFFECT WAS FOUND ON THE 1ST 6 REHEARSED DIGITS. AT 4 DIGITS/SEC, A RATE TOO FAST FOR SYSTEMATIC REHEARSAL, THE STIMULUS INTENSITY AFFECTED THE RECALL OF THE 1ST 6 AND THE LAST 3 DIGITS. THE RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO THE QUESTION OF WHETHER OR NOT THE STIMULUS AND REHEARSAL MEMORY TRACES SHOULD BE REGARDED SEPARATELY. THE QUESTION OF PRESENTATION RATE AND PERFORMANCE IS ALSO DISCUSSED. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

钢中氢对中厚板材探伤合格率的影响

在分析钢中Ｈ含量对钢中气体析出的基础上,提出氢致裂（ＨＩＣ）对中厚板探伤性能影响,可分为凝固过程的氢致裂（ＨＩＣＬ→ｓ）和受应力作用下的氢致裂（ＨＩＣｓ）,其中控制ＨＩＣｌ→ｓ是产生探伤性能合格板材的必要充分条件。     

STIMULUS DETERMINANTS OF THE PRACTICE DECREMENT OF THE MULLER-LYER ILLUSION.

5 EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MULLER-LYER FIGURE ON THE PRACTICE DECREMENT OF THE ILLUSION. THE DECREMENT IN THE MAGNITUDE OF THE ILLUSION AFTER 100 TRIALS WAS FOUND TO BE INVERSELY RELATED TO THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE OBLIQUE LINES AND THE PROMINENCE OF THE HORIZONTAL LINE RELATIVE TO THAT OF THE OBLIQUES, BUT UNRELATED TO THE LENGTH OF THE OBLIQUE LINES. THE PRACTICE DECREMENT WAS ATTRIBUTED TO AN INCREASE IN ATTENTION TO THE HORIZONAL LINE OF THE FIGURE. THE LAST 2 EXPERIMENTS PROVIDE EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF THIS INTERPRETATION. THE RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF GIBSON'S THEORY OF PERCEPTUAL LEARNING. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (35 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

新型混铁炉烟气除尘系统的研制和应用

介绍了安阳永兴钢铁公司600t混铁炉气幕式烟气除尘系统的工作原理、设备构造和工艺技术参数,以及应用的效果.该系统除尘效率＞99%,烟尘排放浓度＜100mg/m3,取得了满意的效果.     

GOALS AND INTENTIONS AS MEDIATORS OF THE EFFECTS OF MONETARY INCENTIVES ON BEHAVIOR.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT MONETARY INCENTIVES WOULD AFFECT TASK PERFORMANCE ONLY THROUGH OR BY MEANS OF THEIR EFFECTS ON THE INDIVIDUAL'S GOALS OR INTENTIONS. 2 OF THE 5 EXPERIMENTS DEALT WITH THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERFORMANCE GOALS TO LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE ON A TASK AS A FUNCTION OF INCENTIVE CONDITION. 3 EXPERIMENTS EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP OF BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS TO TASK CHOICE AS A FUNCTION OF INCENTIVE. IN ALL 5 STUDIES, SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIPS WERE OBTAINED BETWEEN PERFORMANCE GOALS OR BEHAVORIAL INTENTIONS AND BEHAVIOR. WHEN GOAL OR INTENTION LEVEL WAS CONTROLLED, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF MONETARY INCENTIVE ON BEHAVIOR. IN THE 3 CHOICE STUDIES WHERE INCENTIVE DID HAVE AN INITIAL EFFECT ON CHOICE, THESE DIFFERENCES WERE ACCOMPANIED BY EQUIVALENT DIFFERENCES IN INTENTIONS. WHEN THE LATTER WERE PARTIALED OUT, THE ORIGINAL INCENTIVE EFFECT WAS VITIATED. THE DATA WERE INTERPRETED AS SUPPORTING THE HYPOTHESIS. (32 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

锰硅锰铁合金中夹杂碳化硅对检测分析影响的探讨

锰硅、锰铁合金中有部分样品夹杂有碳化硅,在化学分析锰硅合金中硅时,采用氟硅酸钾滴定法和钼蓝光度法时因碳化硅未被分解,从而导致结果偏低,锰铁合金一般采用高氯酸重量法,碳化硅被分解,分析结果较为准确。在荧光粉末压片法分析时,由于碳化硅的激发增强效应,致使硅检测结果偏高。本文通过实验确定了修正方法,消除了夹杂碳化硅对硅元素的影响,确保了检测分析结果准确。     

EFFECTS OF VERBALIZATION AND INCENTIVE ON THE PUPIL RESPONSE TO MENTAL ACTIVITY.

STUDIED MEASUREMENTS OF PUPIL SIZE DURING PERFORMANCE OF A SHORT-TERM MEMORY TASK (ADD 0) AND A DIGIT TRANSFORMATION TASK (ADD 1). IN EXP. I, SS EITHER REPEATED THEIR ANSWER TWICE (SPEAKING) OR THOUGHT THE ANSWER 1ST THEN SAID IT ALOUD ONCE (THINKING). SMALL DILATATIONS OCCURRED ON THE 1ST UTTERANCE OF A DIGIT STRING. IN EXP. II, THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE TASK WAS VARIED BY MONETARY INCENTIVE AND PENALTY. HIGH INCENTIVE ONLY INCREASED THE PUPIL RESPONSE TO THE EASIER TASK. IN BOTH EXPERIMENTS, THE LARGEST EFFECTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH TASK DIFFICULTY. RESULTS CONFIRMED THE VALIDITY OF PUPIL MEASURES AS INDICATORS OF THE LOAD IMPOSED BY MENTAL ACTIVITY. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (29 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

变压变量供水技术实现的探讨

恒压变量供水技术在供水行业中已得到广泛应用。本文应用变频调速基本原理，提出了变压变量供水技术，并对此技术在工程上的实践进行了探讨。