天然气制乙炔装置炭黑循环冷却水系统的设计

天然气制乙炔装置炭黑循环冷却水系统是采用软水的直冷开式系统,具有浊度高、循环回水温度高、温差大、循环给水压力高、循环回水为重力流的特点,不同于通常的间接冷却循环冷却水系统。通过对实际工程案例的分析,介绍了方案确定、计算和设计中需注意的几个要点。     

采用膜法回收循环冷却水工艺的完善

循环冷却水含盐量高、硬度高、碱度高,因此结垢趋势强,必须采用调酸的方式控制pH,以缓解结垢趋势.某循环冷却水系统以部分膜法回收的污水作为补充水使用,由于膜处理工艺中设计的絮凝时间不够,因此造成反渗透系统被严重污染,影响到循环冷却水系统的正常使用.为此在膜工艺中增加了超滤处理,解决了污堵问题,确保了系统的安全运行.     

使用闭路空冷循环水冷却高温介质的焦炉煤气净化装置

正本实用新型涉及一种使用闭路空冷循环水冷却高温介质的焦炉煤气净化装置,其特征在于,在循环冷却水冷却器内设有冷却水连接管道,该冷却水连接管道、循环冷却水上水管道、焦炉煤气净化单元内的冷却水管道、循环冷却水回水管道构成闭路循环冷却水管道,在循环冷却水冷却器内的冷却水采用空气冷却。本实     

内陆核电厂循环冷却水处理方案的选择

针对内陆核电厂循环冷却水系统循环冷却水量大、安全运行要求高、补充水和排污水量大、部分水质指标要求高等特点,通过技术分析和经济比较后可知,采用加酸和阻垢缓蚀剂联合处理内陆核电厂循环冷却水方案的技术经济优势明显。动态模拟试验表明,换热器污垢热阻值小于0.3×10-4m2·K/W,腐蚀速率仅为0.000 486mm/a,此方案可维持循环冷却水在6倍浓缩倍率下安全稳定运行。     

全有机缓蚀阻垢剂配方的改进

一般全有机缓蚀阻垢剂不适应高钙、高碱、高氯离子的循环冷却水。添加了有机磷羧酸,磺酸共聚物等的全有机缓蚀阻垢剂可以使循环冷却水在较高的浓缩倍数下运行,提高了循环冷却水的经济效益。     

“循环冷却水处理”一书出版

随着工业的发展和生活的需要,水的用量急剧增加。因此,节水如同节能、环保一样,成了当务之急。节水的最大潜力是节约工业冷却用水,采用循环冷却水是节约水资源的一条重要途径,而且高浓缩倍数运转的循环冷却水还可减少环境污染。但循环冷却水结垢、腐蚀现象比较严重,容易滋生菌藻,以致影响设备的传热效率,威胁设备的使用寿命,因此,对循环冷却水进行水质稳定处理是必不可少的。南京化工学院龙荷云同志结合教学和科研实践     

大型循环冷却水电解处理杀菌性能的研究

工业循环冷却水处理大多采用化学药剂处理,存在水体污染、成本高、可靠性差等问题。凤台电厂首次采用电解方法处理600 MW火力发电机组循环冷却水,通过研究电解处理在大型循环冷却水系统中的杀菌性能,表明电解处理可产生余氯、臭氧、双氧水等氧化性物质。单台机组循环水采用10台600 A电解装置处理,可保持循环水系统清洁,无黏泥及藻类滋生,为一种绿色环保、低成本、可靠性高的循环水处理方法。     

合成氨循环水高倍率节水处理新工艺

河南心连心化肥有限公司合成氨装置循环冷却水系统的补充水水源属高碱高硬水质.介绍了如何通过优化工艺和过程控制,实现河南心连心化肥有限公司合成氨循环冷却水在高浓缩倍数下,节水、环保、安全运行的经验.     

冷却塔设计中的几点体会

<正> 一、前言随着我国大型石油化工、冶金、轻工等工业的发展,生产装置本身对冷却水不仅在质量上要求越来越高,而且在规模上也越来越大,致使大型冷却水装置的运行经济成本已是工业生产中不可忽视的因素。冷却水在工业生产中由于要求质高量大,而采用循环冷却水也是无可争议的。表一列举了其年产四万五千吨维尼纶厂主要装置用水情况,表中总用水量为46644吨/小时,水量的90％。可见循环冷却水在工业用水方面是举足轻重的。     

高炉循环冷却水系统改造

安阳钢铁公司炼铁厂高炉用水系统原采用直流式供水,存在水质差、水量不足等问题。采用敞开式循环冷却水系统对原供水系统进行改造,同时对循环冷却水进行处理后,冷却水系统水的循环利用率达98%,浓缩倍数达1.86。解决了水量不足、设备结垢、腐蚀的问题。     

焦油一次汽化温度计算方法的探讨

利用相平衡原理得出的焦油蒸馏时一次汽化温度的计算方法,其结果与按经验公式的计算结果进行了比较,同时讨论了一次汽化温度与焦油馏分产率及二段蒸发器过热蒸汽用量的关系。     

Techniques for screening adhesives for structural applications

—Due to its chemistry, no structural adhesive system (epoxies, acrylics, etc.) is likely to offer an ideal combination of toughness, strength, moisture resistance, and ambient-temperature curing. Therefore, for effective use of adhesives in primary structures, an engineer must be able to identify adhesives that represent an optimum compromise among the different properties. In this paper, we present techniques for screening high-strength, ambient-temperature-curing adhesives for (1) moisture resistance under sustained loading and (2) fracture resistance in a way that is directly related to joint performance.     

Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion

Whitlockite (WH) is the second most abundant inorganic component of human bone, accounting for approximately 25% of bone tissue. This study investigated the role of WH in bone remodeling and formation in a mouse spinal fusion model. Specifically, morphology and composition analysis, tests of porosity and surface area, thermogravimetric analysis, an ion-release test, and a cell viability test were conducted to analyze the properties of bone substitutes. The MagOss group received WH, Group A received 100% beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), Group B received 100% hydroxyapatite (HAp), Group C received 30% HAp/70% β-TCP, and Group D received 60% HAp/40% β-TCP (n = 10 each). All mice were sacrificed 6 weeks after implantation, and micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Masson trichome (MT) staining and immunohistochemistry were performed. The MagOss group showed more homogeneous and smaller grains, and nanopores (<500 nm) were found in only the MagOss group. On micro-CT, the MagOss group showed larger fusion mass and better graft incorporation into the decorticate mouse spine than other groups. In the in vivo experiment with HE staining, the MagOss group showed the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 9.50%; A, 15.08%; B, 15.70%; C, 14.76%; D, 14.70%; MagOss, 22.69%; p < 0.0001). In MT staining, the MagOss group demonstrated the highest new bone area (mean: decortication group, 15.62%; A, 21.41%; B, 22.86%; C, 23.07%; D, 22.47%; MagOss, 26.29%; p < 0.0001). In an immunohistochemical analysis for osteocalcin, osteopontin, and CD31, the MagOss group showed a higher positive area than other groups. WH showed comparable bone conductivity to HAp and β-TCP and increased new bone formation. WH is likely to be used as an improved bone substitute with better bone conductivity than HAp and β-TCP.     

Demand Increases for New Fungicides for Rice

<正> After June this year China's regions growingmiddle and late rice had widespread blastand sheath/culm blight.Such diseasesplagued 19.2 million hectares.Starting fromJuly the market for new fungicides that cancontrol blast and sheath/culm blight for ricewas more and more active.Makers of traditional pesticides for thecontrol of blast have to contend with fiercecompetition from new pesticides in marketthis year.Kitazine,iprobenfos,isoprothiolane and tricyclazole,oftenused by farmers in the past,are graduallybeing replaced by new varieties with high