不同球磨粉碎工艺对固相合成β-磷酸三钙纯度和粒度的影响

采用纳米球磨-超声搅拌工艺制备了β-磷酸三钙粉体,并与传统固相合成工艺进行了对比研究。采用差示扫描量热（DSC）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外（FTIR）、纳米粒度测试、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）及X射线荧光光谱（XRF）等手段对两种工艺所制备粉体进行了纯度和粒度表征。结果表明：相比传统工艺,经过纳米球磨-超声搅拌工艺制备出的β-TCP粉体纯度可达97%以上,平均粒径为666 nm。粉体的纯度高、粒径分布更均匀。同时,纳米球磨加工后的原料平均粒度更小,分散性更好。该工艺有望用于粉体材料的固相合成。     

机械力作用对钴酸锂硫酸化焙烧产物的影响

目前,研究者仍然不清楚机械研磨处理对从废锂离子电池中获得的钴酸锂（LiCoO2）的硫酸化焙烧的影响。对钴酸锂与一水合硫酸氢钠（NaHSO4·H2O）混合物球磨前后的产物进行热重-差热-质谱（TG-DSC-MS）分析,结果表明球磨处理使焙烧环节焙烧温度降低。对钴酸锂与一水合硫酸氢钠混合物采用不同球磨时间处理后再进行焙烧,对焙烧产物进行X射线衍射分析发现,球磨0.5 h后的焙烧产物中出现了LiNaSO4、Na6Co（SO4）4和Na2SO4。对焙烧产物进行扫描电镜-能谱（SEM-EDS）分析,结果表明焙烧产物形貌不规则,呈大小不同的块状,而且颗粒有团聚现象,氧、硫、钠、钴在整个焙烧产物中呈弥散状态均匀分布。     

微胶囊化膨胀型无卤阻燃聚丙烯的研究

对聚磷酸铵（APP）进行微胶囊化，复配了新型无卤膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）。利用IFR对聚丙烯（PP）进行阻燃。对包覆APP和IFR阻燃PP体系的表面形态和性能进行研究。结果表明，包覆的APP粒度均匀致密；在PP中添加IFR阻燃剂不小于30份时，有明显成炭效果，获得良好的阻燃性能，UL-94阻燃级数为V-0。阻燃PP体系的热稳定性也得到提高。     

聚磷酸铵阻燃剂表面改性研究进展

总结了近年来针对无机阻燃剂聚磷酸铵（APP）表面改性研究的进展。综述了通过对APP进行表面处理以及微胶囊化等手段,进而提高改性APP疏水性以及抗水解能力,降低APP水溶性等工作的研究进展。重点论述了通过偶联剂处理、微胶囊化及溶胶凝胶处理等手段对APP耐水性能的改善。结果表明,通过对APP进行表面改性处理能明显提高APP的耐水性能,改善APP与聚合物基体之间的相容性及其阻燃性能,降低阻燃剂的添加对基体力学性能及加工性能等造成的不利影响,可以进一步拓展APP的应用领域。     

高能球磨法制备亚微米TATB炸药

高能球磨法是对敏感炸药进行安全细化的有效方法,本文采用高能球磨法对TATB炸药进行微纳化,研究了微纳过程中影响TATB细化效果的因素,包括表面活性剂、水料比、球磨温度、转速和球磨时间;总结了高能球磨法制备超细TATB的操作技巧,如球磨罐的安装、装料量的控制、磨腔内物料降温和磨球上物料的冲洗。上述研究和总结为安全高效利用高能球磨机制备超细炸药进行了有益尝试与探索,优化条件下得到了亚微米级超细TATB炸药。     

高能球磨法制备亚微米TATB炸药

高能球磨法是对敏感炸药进行安全细化的有效方法,本文采用高能球磨法对TATB炸药进行微纳化,研究了微纳过程中影响TATB细化效果的因素,包括表面活性剂、水料比、球磨温度、转速和球磨时间;总结了高能球磨法制备超细TATB的操作技巧,如球磨罐的安装、装料量的控制、磨腔内物料降温和磨球上物料的冲洗。上述研究和总结为安全高效利用高能球磨机制备超细炸药进行了有益尝试与探索,优化条件下得到了亚微米级超细TATB炸药。     

机械力对攀枝花钛铁矿结构及反应特性的影响

为考察攀枝花钛铁矿的还原特性,对其进行了球磨活化. 结果表明,球磨处理使钛铁矿颗粒粒径变小,晶格细化,应变增大,无序化程度和活性提高. 热重结果分析表明,球磨处理使钛铁矿还原反应开始温度降至600~700℃,并提高了反应速率,在912℃固相反应温度下,磨矿8, 4, 2, 1, 0 h失重分别为10.99%, 7.21%, 3.95%, 3.31%和0.90%.     

双层包覆聚磷酸铵及其阻燃PP的研究

采用甲醛三聚氰胺树脂（蜜胺树脂）和环氧树脂单层或双层包覆了聚磷酸铵（APP）,并用于阻燃聚丙烯（PP）,采用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、水平垂直燃烧仪、氧指数仪等设备对包覆APP及阻燃PP进行了表征与分析。结果表明,经过包覆处理的APP水溶性降低,具有更高的膨胀率和阻燃效率;且双层包覆的APP具有最低的水溶性和最好的阻燃效果;相对纯APP,包覆APP对PP的力学性能影响更小,与PP基体具有更好的界面结合。     

球磨过程对ZrO_2粉末团聚的影响

本文采用两种不同粒度的工业３ｍｏｌ％Ｙ2Ｏ3－ＺｒＯ2粉为原料,研究了球磨过程对粉末粒度和ＺｒＯ2粉末团聚系数（ｄ50／ｄBET）的影响。实验结果表明：球磨能使大团聚粒子破碎,平均粒径减少,团聚系数降低,粉末粒度更均匀,随着球磨时间的延长,粉末平均粒径细化速度减慢。ＺｒＯ2团聚粒子破碎过程中将发生ｔ－ｍ相变。     

球磨过程对ZrO2粉末团聚的影响

本文采用两种不同粒度的工业３ｍｏｌ％Ｙ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２粉为原料,研究了球磨过程对粉末粒度和ＺｒＯ２粉末团聚系数（ｄ５０／ｄＢＥＴ）的影响,实验结果表明：球磨能使大团聚粒子破碎,平均粒径减少,团聚系数降低,粉末粒度更均匀,随着球磨时间的延长,粉末平均粒径细化速度减慢,ＺｒＯ２团聚粒子破碎过程中将发生ｔ－ｍ相变。     

球磨法制备超细稻壳二氧化硅

将稻壳用10％(体积分数)的盐酸处理后在600℃焚烧得到稻壳二氧化硅,再利用球磨法进行研磨,得到平均粒径为5.01 μm、分散度为1.31的超细稻壳二氧化硅粉体.研究了研磨时间、球料比和磨球直径对粉体粒径的影响,并对研磨前后粉体的性质、红外光谱(FTIR)及X-衍射图谱(XRD)进行了比较.结果表明:合适的球料比、磨球...     

水泥粉磨工艺对混凝土性能的影响

分别检测了球磨机圈流粉磨工艺和辊压机-球磨机联合粉磨工艺生产的不同强度等级水泥的物理性能及与外加剂的适应性，并将各水泥样配制成混凝土，测试相应混凝土的性能。试验发现，强度高的水泥所配制混凝土的强度不一定高，水泥需水性对混凝土强度的影响甚至超过了水泥强度对它的影响；圈流磨的水泥所配混凝土的强度较高。试验检测了圈流磨及联合粉磨生产的水泥的颗粒组成，分析了联合粉磨的水泥需水性大的原因，找到了控制联合粉磨工艺水泥需水性的工艺指标。     

The influence of grinding technique on the liberation of clinker minerals and cement properties

This paper describes a study of the relationship between the physical, chemical and mineralogical parameters of cement products obtained by different grinding mechanisms namely high pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) and ball milling, and their effects upon the properties of cements prepared from the ground clinker. Samples were prepared as narrow size fractions and also as distribution samples. Characterization parameters were ascertained by using XRF, laser sizing, Blaine and BET surface area and image analysis methods. HPGR grinding resulted in higher degrees of liberation of clinker phases arising from the intergranular breakage along the grain boundaries compared to ball mill grinding. As for service properties, water demand of HPGR products was higher than ball mill products resulting from high micro fissured structure. Despite high liberation of particularly alite mineral in HPGR grinding, the compressive strength of ball mill products was slightly higher than HPGR products for narrow size samples. Finally, particle size distribution effect on strength was more obvious for distribution samples; generally ball milling gave higher strength values.     

Reduction of the porcelain firing temperature by preparation of the raw materials

An innovative way of reduction of firing temperature of porcelain tableware is reached by preparation of raw materials down to submicron- and nanoscaled powder for higher reactivity. In this study a common slurry was ground in an agitator ball mill from d₅₀ = 5.0 μm to 0.9 μm, green bodies were prepared, and glost firing was simulated in a dilatometer. The sintering temperature has been decreased by approximately 180 °C. A reflection between ball mill and agitator ball mill regarding the grinding cost shows no difference which means that the ball mill could be replaced. The energy consumption during the grinding process will be discussed regarding to energy savings resulting from reduced firing temperature. Furthermore a comparison between experimental and literature data will be done. The effect of grinding of raw material is finally evaluated concerning sintering behaviour and material properties.     

Hydrothermal pretreatment for the preparation of wool powders

Wool powders with low solubility could be easily prepared from wool fibers by combining hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) and grinding processes. Transforming wool fibers into powders was the first step of exploiting wool as new materials such as bio‐thermoplastics. However, wool fibers were difficult to be prepared into powders only by grinding due to their toughness. This article used a chemical‐free method to obtain wool powders by grinding HTP‐treated wool fibers. Wool fibers after HTP at 130°C for 40 min or above were obviously easier to be broken into snippets with lengths of 25–150 μm after grinding for 1 min and shapeless super‐fine powders with diameters of 3–15 μm after ball milling for 10 min. Wool fibers after HTP were brittle mainly owing to decrease of α‐helices and S? S bonds. Combination of HTP and grinding could be an eco‐friendly and feasible treatment to prepare wool powders on industrial scale. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40173.     

Empirical and scale-up modeling in stirred ball mills

Stirred ball mills are frequently used for ultrafine- and nanogrinding in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industry, but only few investigations have been published on empirical or scale-up modeling of stirred ball mills. Experiments have been carried out with a laboratory scale stirred ball mill. During the experiments the main technical parameters such as stirrer speed, grinding media, filling ratio, grinding time and the solid mass concentration have been systematically adjusted. The particle size distribution of mill products can be well estimated by empirical functions, so an empirical model has been prepared for the laboratory mill. The relation between the grinding fineness, grinding time and specific grinding work was represented for several materials such as pumice, andesite, limestone and tailings of ore mining industry. The power consumption of the stirred ball mill for scale-up was determined by a method based on the dimensional analysis. A new scale-up model has been presented as well by with industrial size stirred ball mills can be designed on the basis of the laboratory measurements.     

纳米磷酸锌的可控合成

在氧化锌、磷酸固-液反应体系中,以研磨反应代替搅拌反应,辅助表面活性剂对磷酸锌的颗粒尺寸进行可控合成,考察了研磨介质、磨球比例、球料比、固液比、表面活性剂等工艺条件对磷酸锌粒径分布、形貌及团聚状况的影响,并采用SEM、XRD、粒度分布和TEM对纳米磷酸锌做了表征。结果表明,表面活性剂CTAB浓度为9×10^-4 mol/L、研磨时间为3 h、锆球为研磨介质、球料质量比为150:1、Φ10 mm与Φ6 mm磨球质量比为1:4、转速为200 r/min、固液比[氧化锌和（磷酸+表面活性剂）的质量比]为1:1时,可以制备粒径分布为59~79 nm、平均粒径为68 nm、无团聚的粒状纳米磷酸锌。     

高效阻燃剂聚磷酸铵的合成工艺研究

以磷酸和尿素为原料合成了高聚合度的聚磷酸铵。通过单因素实验对制备工艺进行了优化,考察了原料配比、升温速率、预聚合温度、固化温度和固化时间等对产品质量的影响,采用核磁共振法（NMR）测定了聚磷酸铵的平均聚合度,并用X射线衍射(XRD )和红外(IR)相结合的方法对产品的晶体结构进行了表征,同时测定了聚磷酸铵的溶解度和总磷含量。结果表明,最佳制备工艺条件为：n（磷酸)∶n（尿素）=1∶1.9,预聚合阶段升温速率为2～3 ℃/min,预聚合温度为130 ℃,固化温度为230 ℃,固化时间为90 min。此条件下合成的聚磷酸铵平均聚合度为114,水中溶解度为0.492 g,总磷质量分数为31.75%,XRD表征结果表明,所得产品为Ⅰ型聚磷酸铵。     

不同配制方法下剪切增稠液体的性能表征

本文用原生粒径20 nm、团聚现象严重的纳米SiO2作为分散相,PEG200作为分散介质,分别用超声波法和行星式球磨法来配制用于个体防护装甲的剪切增稠液体.通过激光粒度分析仪和哈克流变仪测定不同配制方法下纳米SiO2/PEG200分散体系的分散性和流变性能,结果表明:由于行星式球磨的连续细化作用和分散剂A1120的助磨、保护颗粒新表面的作用,用行星式球磨法加入分散剂A1120配制的剪切增稠液体,纳米SiO2在体系中的平均粒径最小,分散性好;分别用行星式球磨法和超声波法加入分散剂A1120配制的剪切增稠液体均具有先剪切变稀后剪切增稠的流变性能,但在整个剪切应力范围内,行星式球磨法配制的剪切增稠液体的粘度比超声波法大.     

HDPE-IFR体系配方的二次回归正交组合设计

以三聚氯氰和甲胺溶液为原料,合成了2,4,6-三甲胺基-1,3,5-均三嗪(TMM),并与多聚磷酸铵(APP)、季戊四醇(PER)组成膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)。采用二次回归正交设计方法,研究了APP、PER、TMM三变量对阻燃高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)氧指数(OI)的影响,得到关于OI的线性回归方程,并验证了其在=0.01水平上的显著性。结果表明:APP对OI影响最大,PER次之,TMM最小。实验配方验证了回归方程具有预见性。固定TMM的取值,得到关于OI-APP/PER的三维图和等高线。