低模量硅橡胶

中国航天集团第四研究院的余惠琴等人研究了硅橡胶生胶种类、补强剂和结构控制剂用量、增塑剂加入时间、硫化剂种类及用量等对硅橡胶硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明，当生胶采用聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷、补强剂4#气相法白炭黑用量为30～40份、结构控制剂用量为气相法白炭黑用量的20％～25％、混炼胶中加入结构控制剂并热处理后加入增塑剂1，2-丙二醇、     

硅橡胶厚功能制品的制备工艺研究

研究了不同结构化控制剂搭配、硫化剂和减振填料用量对硅橡胶性能的影响,硫化时间、升温间隔对硅橡胶硫化效果的影响,脱模温度、放气量、工装设备对硅橡胶制品质量的影响。结果表明,采用高摩尔质量硅橡胶、气相法白炭黑,配合适量的结构化控制剂,可制备拉伸强度8 MPa以上、无结构化的硅橡胶;随着减振填料的大量填充,硅橡胶的力学性能呈下降趋势;随着硫化胶放气量的增加,大尺寸制品芯部有开裂的倾向。硅橡胶混炼胶用过氧化二异丙苯作硫化剂,采用分段升温、长时间硫化、保压降温工艺,可获得密实无缺陷的厚型制品。较佳工艺为:100份摩尔质量大于69×104g/mol的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶、45份气相法白炭黑、6份羟基硅油、1份二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、1～2份DCP、2～5份氧化铁、10～40份减振填料,硫化时间选择厚制品157℃±1℃的传热时间,分段升温值15℃、升温间隔时间10～20 min、平均升温速率0.75℃～1℃/min,脱模温度根据制品厚度选择室温～80℃,放气量0.20%～0.27%,模具采用大间隙和小溢料槽。     

耐热型热硫化混炼胶的研制

以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶为生胶,添加气相法白炭黑、耐热添加剂等制得耐热型热硫化硅橡胶,研究了生胶中羟基含量、白炭黑种类、白炭黑处理剂种类以及耐热剂种类对硅橡胶耐热性能的影响。结果表明,当采用羟基质量分数≤15×10^-6、乙烯基摩尔分数为0.19%的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶时,其抗降解表现更好;不同类型白炭黑在不同的老化温度下对硅橡胶的影响不同,225℃及以下温度条件下,亲水型白炭黑的耐热效果优于疏水型白炭黑,225~300℃及以上温度条件下,疏水型白炭黑更优;在白炭黑处理剂对硅橡胶耐老化影响方面,采用聚二甲基二苯基硅氧烷RP140PH比常规低黏度羟基硅油和六甲基二硅氮烷更好;耐热剂对硅橡胶体系耐老化效果提升极为明显,其提升效果由高到低依次为AD105、AD111、AD104、AD110。     

影响HTV硅橡胶撕裂强度的因素

考察了白炭黑种类、羟基硅油用量、含氢硅油用量以及不同乙烯基含量生胶并用对热硫化(HTV)硅橡胶撕裂强度的影响。结果显示,气相法白炭黑的补强效果强于沉淀法白炭黑,且比表面积越大,硅橡胶的撕裂强度越高;随着羟基硅油加入量的增加,硅橡胶的撕裂强度先增后趋于稳定;含氢硅油的用量对HTV硅橡胶的撕裂强度基本没有影响;高乙烯基含量生胶和低乙烯基含量生胶并用能显著提高HTV硅橡胶的撕裂强度。较佳配方是:166 g 110-0生胶,4 g 112生胶、80 g QS-102气相法白炭黑、8.5 g羟基硅油、1.0 g含氢硅油、0.5 g乙烯基硅油,此时,HTV硅橡胶的撕裂强度达到21 KN/m。     

气相法白炭黑补强加成型RTV硅橡胶的研究

采用气相法白炭黑作补强剂填充加成型RTV硅橡胶,研究了白炭黑含量对硅橡胶黏度、力学性能、介电性能以及硫化时间的影响,并通过SEM考察了白炭黑在硅橡胶中的分散效果.结果表明,白炭黑能显著地增强硅橡胶的力学性能,当白炭黑用量为5%时,硅橡胶的拉伸强度提高了近4倍,其综合力学性能达到最佳,同时能使硅橡胶具有更低的介电常数,且介电损耗变化不大.     

高压电力电气用液体注射成形硅橡胶的制备

以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)或甲基环硅氧烷混合物(DMC)、乙烯基双封头、乙烯基环体为原料,制成乙烯基硅油;并与经六甲基二硅氮烷处理的气相法白炭黑混合,制成基胶;基胶中分别加入铂催化剂和端含氢硅油,制成了双组分液体硅橡胶.研究了乙烯基硅油的黏度和配比、气相法白炭黑的比表面积、结构化控制剂的用量、耐漏电起痕添加剂的用量等对液体硅橡胶力学性能、电性能和加工性能的影响.结果表明:以黏度5 000 mPa·s的乙烯基硅油和黏度80 000 mPa·s的乙烯基硅油拼混而成的乙烯基硅油(混合后的黏度为20 000 mPa·s)为基础硅油,补强剂选择比表面积大于300m2/g的气相法白炭黑、且用量不超过30份,结构化控制剂选择六甲基二硅氮烷且用量为15份(相对于气相法白炭黑的用量),耐漏电起痕添加剂用量为2份,铂催化剂的用量(Pt的质量分数)为60×10-6,抑制剂的质量分数为1.2%时,液体硅橡胶胶料的力学性能、电性能和加工性能达到最佳,完全满足高压电力电气用液体注射硅橡胶的特殊要求,已被广泛用作高等电压电缆附件、电缆终端、冷缩套管、电缆屏蔽等.     

滑石-硅灰石复合矿物填料作为硅橡胶补强剂的研究*

将滑石、硅灰石等天然矿物通过超细粉碎、表面改性制成填料,作为硅橡胶补强剂,探讨粉体的粒度、偶联剂种类及不同改性填料相互间的协同作用对硅橡胶硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,滑石、硅灰石经超细粉碎后,其拉伸强度和１００％定伸应力提高;硅烷类偶联剂对硅灰石的补强效果较好,硼酸酯类偶联剂对滑石的补强效果较好;滑石硅灰石复合矿物填料的补强性能优于沉淀法白炭黑,接近气相法白炭黑,可部分替代气相法白炭黑作为硅橡胶补强剂     

液体硅橡胶防污闪涂料的研制

以端乙烯基硅油为基料,添加气相法白炭黑、白炭黑表面处理剂、表面处理助剂等制得液体硅橡胶(LSR)防污闪涂料,探讨了白炭黑表面处理剂种类和用量、表面处理助剂用量、气相法白炭黑、二甲基硅油用量对LSR防污闪涂料性能的影响.结果 表明,制备LSR防污闪涂料的较佳条件为:比表面积为300 m2/g的气相法白炭黑占端乙烯基硅油质...     

发泡硅橡胶的制备及应用性能研究

以D_4(八甲基环四硅氧烷)、D_4~(Vi)(四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷)和D_2~(Vi)(四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷)为原料,THMA(四甲基氢氧化铵)为催化剂,制备得到生胶,通过添加其他组分得到发泡硅橡胶。研究结果表明:合成甲基乙烯基生胶的反应温度应为110℃,反应时间应为5 h;以100 g甲基乙烯基生胶为基胶,当补强剂、发泡剂、硫化剂、结构化控制剂以及发泡助剂的用量分别为40份、8份、2.5份、5份、0.2～0.3份时制得的发泡硅橡胶孔致密均匀,发泡倍率大,力学性能最佳。     

气相白炭黑对氟橡胶／硅橡胶共混胶性能的影响

采用气相白炭黑补强氟橡胶／硅橡胶共混胶。研究了气相白炭黑的用量和比表面积对氟橡胶／硅橡胶共混胶的力学性能、耐热老化性能和耐油性能的影响,并采用SEM观察了共混硫化胶的拉伸断面形貌。研究表明,随着气相白炭黑的用量从0份增加到50份,气相白炭黑的比表面积从120m^2·g^-1增大到380m^2·g^-1,共混胶的力学性能和耐油性能提高,而耐热老化性能下降;当气相白炭黑用量为40份,且比表面积为220m^2·g^-1时,共混硫化胶具有较好的综合性能。SEM照片表明,随着气相白炭黑用量增大,其在氟橡胶／硅橡胶共混胶中的分散均匀性下降;当气相白炭黑比表面积为220m^2·g^-1时,气相白炭黑的分散性较好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。