杂环酰亚胺类新化合物的合成与生物活性研究

环酰亚胺类除草剂是近年来国际上研究发展较快的一类除草剂,本文介绍了此类化合物的合成方法,新化合物的生物活性筛选及对该类化合物中除草性能良好的JS412进行进一步生物活性测定的结果.     

创新双酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂JS118的合成和生物活性

合成了具有双酰肼结构的新化合物JS118，进行了室内生物活性测定和大田药效试验，发现它具有较高的昆虫生长调节作用，有希望开发成农药品种。     

2-氰基丙烯酸酯类新化合物杀菌活性筛选研究

继2-氰基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂氰烯菌酯(JS399-19)研发后,又发现该类化合物对小麦白粉病、小麦纹枯病具有高活性。新化合物JS399E12对小麦白粉病EC50值为1.3397mg/L,新化合物JS399F05在50mg/L的剂量下对小麦纹枯病的防效达90%以上。实验室条件下,JS399-19对小麦赤霉病高效,但对小麦白粉病和小麦纹枯病无效。本研究为该类化合物的研发提供了参考。     

新化合物除草活性微量筛选方法的研究

本文采用微量筛选技术对19个新化合物和3个不同作用机制的标准药剂进行了除草活性生物筛选试验,同时与温室盆栽法进行了比较,结果表明,微量筛选法与温室盆栽法筛选除草剂活性试验结果相关性较好,而且具有用药量少、敏感、占地面积小、快速等优点,是新化合物除草活性筛选的有效方法之一.     

毒力测定中致死中量的简便计算方法

在新化合物的筛选过程中,不可避免的要遇到计算LC50的问题,并以此对该新化合物作出科学合理的评价.传统的毒力测定的统计分析,计算过程比较繁冗,工作量较大.本文介绍一种运行在Windows98操作系统的Excel 97软件下的LC50的计算方法.该方法操作简便,准确.     

新化合物SYP-11277杀螨活性及作用特性

[目的]新化合物SYP-11277是新型甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀螨剂。为对其进一步的开发、应用提供理论依据,对其杀螨活性及作用特性进行研究。[方法]用盆栽幼苗喷雾法和改进保湿叶碟喷雾法系统的研究了新化合物SYP-11277的室内杀螨活性,并研究了新化合物SYP-11277的内吸性、渗透性、传导性、持效性以及温度对其杀螨效果的影响。[结果]试验表明:新化合物SYP-11277对成螨的活性(LC50值)为2.15 mg/L,对若螨的活性(LC50值)为0.37 mg/L,对螨卵的活性(EC50值)为3.63 mg/L。[结论]生物活性测定结果表明新化合物SYP-11277对螨具有较高的活性,但在植物体内的内吸性和渗透性较差,属正温度系数类型杀螨剂,并且持效期较长。     

在杀螨剂评价中几种生测方法的比较研究

在室内用琼脂法、浸玻片法和浸渍法分别测定了氟氯氰菊酯、乐果和齐墩螨素对棉红蜘蛛的毒力.结果表明每种药剂以三种方法测得的对红蜘蛛的毒力均无显著的差异.对三种方法进行分析比较,琼脂法具明显优势,建议在新化合物杀螨活性筛选中采用此法.     

2种抗TMV活性筛选方法在农药创制领域的应用

[目的]找到适合新化合物创制领域的抗TMV活性筛选方法。[方法]采用全株法和半叶法,对利巴韦林、宁南霉素、娃儿藤碱和NK007的抗TMV活性进行测定并比较数据。[结果]各药剂活体保护与活体治疗试验数据中全株法抑制率数值普遍高于半叶法,而活体钝化试验数据无规律。[结论]全株法适合应用于创制新化合物抗TMV活性初筛阶段,而半叶法可以作为验证和补充研究手段,应用于复筛和深入研究阶段。     

Friedl(a)nder反应合成3-甲基-6,7-二甲氧基-2-喹啉甲酸

采用从天然产物中的提取物藜芦醛为起始原料,经过硝化、还原得到邻氨基藜芦醛,再在乙醇钠的催化下,与2-丁酮酸发生Friedl(a)nder缩合反应,合成了新化合物3-甲基-6,7-二甲氧基-2-喹啉甲酸.通过1HNMR、IR、UV、MS表征了新化合物的结构.     

小麦白粉病离体叶段筛选方法初探

本研究用小麦离体叶段法测定8种药剂各4个浓度对小麦白粉病的防效,结果表明,离体叶段法可用于新化合物对小麦白粉病菌的活性筛选.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。