Publication and citation patterns of the Mexican contribution to a “Big Science” discipline: Elementary particle physics

The publication and citation patterns of the Mexican community in elementary particle physics (MEPP) were determined by bibliometric analysis of the scientific production and citations registered in the SPIRES-HEP system from 1971 to 2000. All papers, both citing and cited, were classified as theoretical, phenomenological or experimental according to the type of study carried out and citing papers as local (Mexican) or foreign. The growth dynamics of the citation patterns over the thirty-year period was also studied. Results show that the Mexican scientific community in EPP follow the pre-publication and pre-citation communication patterns typical of a Big Science field. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Helium sources and recovery processes - with special reference to India

Helium plays an important role in a variety of processes. Its only widely exploited source is natural gas with a helium content of 1–8%. Postulated, increased demand has stimulated interest in both novel sources and extraction techniques.Existing and new methods of helium recovery from natural gas are discussed. There is particular attention paid to pilot plants for helium extraction from monazite mineral and thermal springs in India.     

Publication and citation patterns of Latin American &; Caribbean journals in the SCI and SSCI from 1995 to 2004

Impact factors, publication-citation patterns and growth dynamics were analyzed for the Latin America and the Caribbean journals covered by the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index from 1995–2003. Two main journal groups were identified: those publishing mainly in English with substantial contributions from outside the region, and those publishing in local languages, principally by the local community and on subjects of local interest. We found little inter-citation among the local papers while the highest number of citations by extra-regional authors was to papers published in English. Quantitative indicators show that LA-C journals are better positioned in the mainstream literature than ever before.     

The interaction of chlorine and seawater,with special reference to the four liquid chlorine tank cars lost in British Columbia coastal waters

An examination is made of the various aspects of the interaction of chlorine with seawater in order to determine the form, fate and effects of chlorine     

Child pedestrian casualties with special reference to casualties on the journey to or from school in Manchester and Salford, England

There are two separate facets of the casualty rates for child pedestrians in Great Britain that require explanation. (1) The casualty rate for child pedestrians aged 11-14 years is higher than the rate for those aged 5-10 years. In Manchester and Salford the casualty rate for the older age group is higher for children on the journey to or from school but at nonschool times the casualty rate is lower for those aged 11-14 years than for those aged 5-10 years. It is suggested that the high casualty rate for older children is connected with the school journey, which is longer to secondary than to primary schools. (2) The casualty rate for the older age group has increased in recent years. Comparing the casualty rates at school and nonschool times in Manchester and Salford in 1969 and 1987 suggests that this increase is due to an increase in accidents on the school journey.     

Patterns of literature citation by undergraduate students and researchers in the veterinary field

A comparative analysis carried out on the literature citation characteristics of two sets of Mexican research documents produced in the veterinary field-the undergraduate thesis and the research journal article-revealed distinct patterns of literature usage on the part of the authors. It is suggested that the differences reflect the relative qualities of the research undertaken by two populations with distinct research competence and experience.     

Publication delays in the science field and their relationship to the ageing of scientific literature

This article presents an exploratory analysis of publication delays in the science field. Publication delay is defined as the time period between submission and publication of an article for a scientific journal. We obtained a first indication that these delays are longer with regard to journals in the fields of mathematics and technical sciences than they are in other fields of science. We suggest the use of data on publication delays in the analysis of the effects of electronic publishing on reference/citation patterns. A preliminary analysis on a small sample suggests that—under rather strict assumptions—the cited half-life of references may be reduced with a factor of about 2 if publication delays decrease radically.     

GLP在美国、日本及欧盟的实施概况

本文通过对美国、日本及欧洲地区GLP的实施概况进行了研究和对照,了解国外GLP的发展,学习和借鉴发达国家实施GLP的经验,有利于发展和完善我国GLP,从而加强我国与国际之间的交流及合作。     

Theory of bivacancy contribution to the coefficient of self-diffusion in monatomic molecular crystals

On the basis of the statistical theory of a crystal with defects, we calculate the frequency of jumps of an atom for diffusion in the bivacancy mechanism. We obtain an expression for the contributions of different types of bivacancies to the coefficient of self-diffusion. Calculations are carried out for the special case of a Lennard-Jones 6–12 potential.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 621–628, October, 1986.     

Using content-based and bibliometric features for machine learning models to predict citation counts in the biomedical literature

The most popular method for judging the impact of biomedical articles is citation count which is the number of citations received. The most significant limitation of citation count is that it cannot evaluate articles at the time of publication since citations accumulate over time. This work presents computer models that accurately predict citation counts of biomedical publications within a deep horizon of 10 years using only predictive information available at publication time. Our experiments show that it is indeed feasible to accurately predict future citation counts with a mixture of content-based and bibliometric features using machine learning methods. The models pave the way for practical prediction of the long-term impact of publication, and their statistical analysis provides greater insight into citation behavior.     

Flow of plastic and visco-plastic solids with special reference to extrusion and forming processes

When large, progressive, deformation occurs under plastic or visco-plastic conditions, elastic deformations are negligible and the material flows in a viscous manner. The flow is non-Newtonian and the viscosity is a function of the current strain rates. An effective numerical treatment of such non-Newtonian flow by the finite element method is indicated here and is illustrated by examples of an extrusion process for which approximate slip line solutions are known. The methodology is extended to the solution of transient, quasi-static situations and coupling with thermodynamic equations is discussed. A stream function formulation of the problem is used.     

Some elastic properties of reinforced solids,with special reference to isotropic ones containing spherical inclusions

Based on Mori and Tanaka's concept of “average stress” in the matrix and Eshelby's solutions of an ellipsoidal inclusion, an approximate theory is established to derive the stress and strain state of constituent phases, stress concentrations at the interface, and the elastic energy and overall moduli of the composite. Both “stress-free” strain (polarization strain) and “strain-free” stress (polarization stress) are employed in these derivations under the traction- and displacement-prescribed conditions. The theory was developed first for a general multiphase, anisotropic composite with arbitrarily oriented anisotropic inclusions; explicit results are then given for a suspension of uniformly distributed, multiphase isotropic spheres in an isotropic matrix. Numerical results for stress concentrations in the spherical inclusions and at the interface are given for a 2-phase composite. Further, it is shown that the derived moduli are related to the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds and that, when the shear moduli are equal, the overall bulk modulus of a 2-phase composite reduces to Hill's exact solution. As compared with experimental data, the theory also provides reasonably accurate estimates for the Young's modulus of some 2- and 3-phase composites.     

Microstructural development during the liquid-phase sintering of two-phase alloys,with special reference to the NbC/Co system

An investigation was made of the grain growth and other microstructural changes occurring during the liquid-phase sintering of NbC alloys with ～20 wt % cobalt. The effects of sintering time, sintering temperature, and small alloying additions were studied. It was found that the grain growth of NbC in liquid cobalt, at 1420° C, can be described by the equation: $$\bar d^3 - \bar d_0 ^3 = {\text{K}}t$$ where \(\bar d\) is the mean linear intercept of the grains after time t, and \(\bar d_0\) the initial mean intercept, K being a temperature-dependent constant with an “activation energy” of 95±15 kcal/mole. This equation suggests that grain growth occurs by a solution/ precipitation process controlled by diffusion in the liquid phase. Small alloying additions of WC, TiC or NbB₂ inhibit the growth and/or alter the growth process, as well as affecting such properties as the shape and contiguity of the carbide grains. The relative significance of grain coalescence to grain growth in a liquid phase is discussed. By examining theoretically the effect of anisotropy of interface energy on the cube ? sphere grain-shape change, it has been possible to explain the observed sensitivity of grain shape towards sintering conditions.