Consensus processes in land use planning in British Columbia: the nature of success

The general goal of this research was to address the broad question, does consensus work in resource management decision-making? Its purpose was to identify success factors for employing the consensus decision-making model specifically in land use planning; to examine the models incepted by the government of British Columbia during the period 1992–1995; and to investigate the application and effectiveness of the models as actually employed in integrated resource planning in British Columbia. The specific objective was to develop a general diagnostic framework for evaluation, based on indicators and success factors derived from a review of pertinent literature; from interviews with stakeholder participants in these processes; through review of government documentation, and through interviews with government officials who design and manage those processes.Success factors to be tested and explored were compiled from the literature, through a pilot study, government reports, and previous evaluations, such as the CORE Vancouver Island survey. In-depth interviews were conducted with 50 managers and participants of consensus processes at all three levels, in eight planning regions of the province. As interviews of participants proceeded, any new factors which emerged were also added to the list below.

• Integrity of process
• Commitment of participants
• Openness
• Explicit objectives
• Early stakeholder identification
• Strategic communication
• Facilitator
• Solid information
• Clear policy guidelines
• Prescreening participants
• Training
• Neutral chair/process mgr.
• Interpersonal dynamic
• Clear operating principles
• Relationships
• Representative of constituency
• Funding
• Continuity of participants
• Local participants
• Meeting facility
• Plain language
• Size of group
• Budget, support of ministry

Respondents rated, defined and discussed these factors, and answered general questions regarding success of consensus processes. From qualitative and quantitative analysis, using the spreadsheet program Excel, the following indicators (the top quartile) were determined to be ‘critical’ to the success of a consensus planning process: Integrity; Solid Information; Facilitator; Commitment of Participants; Explicit Objectives; Training; Strategic Communication; and Government Support. Based on an analysis of the definitions and comments of participants, an evaluation framework was developed for consensus processes in land use planning. This includes diagnostic questions, followed by further considerations and recommendations for some critical indicators.     

郑州市土地利用与用地布局优化研究

针对郑州市的土地利用现状,分析了土地利用中存在的问题,提出优化用地布局的建议和对策,从而积极有效的缓解郑州市土地资源供需紧张的状况,促进社会经济的快速发展。     

浅析土地利用规划中的生态规划与设计

分析了土地生态规划在国内外的发展现状,阐述了生态规划的发展与含义,提出了土地生态规划设计应着重遵循的原则,以使人类活动与自然资源保护相协调,从而促进生态系统的良性循环和社会经济的持续发展。     

Landslide assessment for land use planning and infrastructure management in the Paphos District of Cyprus

The Paphos District has been described as one of the most landslide-prone areas of Cyprus, with landslides impacting villages, roads and other infrastructure. With increasing levels of development and investment in infrastructure, Cypriot authorities are investigating ways to assess landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk for planning purposes. A 2-year project has catalogued over 1,840 landslides, investigated the spatial distribution of key landslide attributes, and used the results to develop maps of landslide susceptibility across large areas of the Paphos District. To gain a better understanding of the materials and failure mechanisms involved, 20 of these landslides were selected for further study, including engineering geological mapping, ground investigation, laboratory testing, development of ground models and slope stability analysis at specific locations. The results enabled soil parameters to be reviewed, thus strengthening the interpretations derived from field observations. The use of the mapping outputs is discussed in terms of planning and engineering applications and recommendations are made for strengthening and expanding the landslide database.     

This land can sustain us: cooperative land use planning on the Oneida Reservation

Land use planning in indigenous communities often takes place within state-based planning initiatives, leaving indigenous governments to serve as token participants. Through these initiatives, state-based governments have the ability to wield their power and control the planning process to the detriment of indigenous governments. This study sets forth an alternative option involving cooperative land use planning practices where neither government controls the planning process. Drawing upon a case study of the Oneida Reservation in Wisconsin, USA, this study explores ways to increase cooperative land use planning relationships between indigenous and state-based governments. As one of the few empirical studies to apply critical planning theory to advocate for increased cooperative land use planning, this paper proposes a series of recommendations that can help indigenous and state-based governments avoid conflicts and work toward cooperative relationships.     

Stress,shock and the sustainability of resource use in semi-arid environments

This paper considers the overgrazing problem in low income countries, paying special attention to the joint influence of the economic and natural environments within which livestock farmers operate. The context is the argument that liberalisation of agricultural product markets will encourage the sustainable use of environmental resources. The paper explores the link between economic conditions and ecologically sustainable use of resources in semi-arid lands, using an infinite-horizon stochastic control range management model. The approach makes it possible to establish, for any given initial conditions, whether there exists an optimal policy that is ecologically sustainable under those conditions, and what economic environment and initial endowments would be sustainable.     

The difficulty of integrating land trusts in land use planning

We examine land-owning organizations’ choice of strategy for steering spatial development. There are two highly visible strategies to influence land use. The first one, acquisition, is direct; it consists of either gaining outright ownership of the land, or various forms of partial title, including conservation easements. The second one, regulation, is indirect; it relies on the legal instruments of public policy, in particular land use planning, to influence the behavior of landowners. Often linking these two strategies in a coherent way is a challenge. On the one hand, local authorities are empowered by the law to plan for conservation, but they are not well equipped to do so (lack of capacity, expertise, political will). On the other hand, many small conservation NGOs are active at the micro level with little concern for supra-local considerations.Focusing on an important private conservation effort in Southern Quebec, this article seeks to better understand land-owning organizations’ position toward land use planning. It shows how conservation NGOs, which rely on property rights to influence land use, position themselves within the broader regulatory context and attempt to coordinate their action at a regional scale in order to complement their acquisition strategy.     

土地利用规划环境影响评价研究

论述了土地利用规划环境评价的意义,分析了进行土地利用规划环境评价的内涵,从环境问题、土地规划类型、空间体系等方面,提出了选择评价内容的基本原则,有利于提高土地的利用率,实现经济、社会、环境效益的最大化。     

完善我国土地利用规划体系的探讨

对土地利用规划体系进行了总结,分析了现行体系中存在的规划种类太多、分工不明确、缺乏时间性规划、缺乏对城乡一体化的统筹考虑等缺陷与不足,并通过探讨研究,提出了改进的建议和方法,从而完善我国土地规划与利用。     

从土地利用角度谈生态旅游规划

针对我国目前普遍以旅游策划和旅游管理为主体特征的生态旅游规划,并不能有效解决旅游地现存的土地利用失调、基础设施不完善、产业结构不合理、社区活力衰退、生态退化及环境污染等问题,提出了从土地利用的角度进行生态旅游规划的新思路,并对一相关案例进行了介绍。     

Revisiting a programmatic planning approach: managing linkages between transport and land use planning

The body of knowledge on transport and land use planning shows considerable overlap with management theories and practices. Notable examples can be found in project management and strategic management. Recently, in the field of management theory, the idea of programme management has gained prominence in response to the need to coordinate on a tactical level. Programme management links to both strategic management and project management, as it focuses on the coordinated management of related projects in order to realize strategic objectives. In line with the tradition to integrate management theories into spatial planning, the aim of this paper is to explore the power of a programme management approach in a transport and land use planning context. We investigate whether and how a programme management approach when applied in transport and land use planning can deal with three important interrelated challenges that emerge between the strategic and operational level in transport and land use planning: (1) linking strategic goals to operational projects, (2) developing the accompanying joint organizational structures, and (3) moulding fixed and separate procedures into more adaptive joint decision-making processes. To do so, we conducted an in-depth case study of two recent programme management approaches in Dutch transport and land use planning. We show that both programmes function as platforms where different parties come together and where a wide range of management and monitoring tools are used to guide the programme in a specific direction.     

Landscape diversity and land use planning: a case study in Bavaria

A maximum of landscape diversity is to be regarded as a helpful target as well as an analytical tool to detect actual planning deficits. First of all, specific indicators and targets for ecosystem and landscape levels will be defined. Ecosystem types are derived from landscape ecological site conditions, and are combined with the demands of minimal areas related to present and potential ecosystem types.The suitability of management practices for the site conditions, and the requirements mentioned above, will together form the basis on which a target landscape in its pattern, and the management practices suggested can be mapped. In comparison with the present use of the landscape, measures are derived which indicate that the target of a high landscape diversity has real practical meaning: conversion of about 15% of the arable land into forests and grasslands as one result of this study fits into the political and administrative programmes already established. In addition, four modification categories of the actual usage are mapped and described in size and number in this case study. The basic assumptions of this approach will be explained, to provide further working hypotheses for an interdisciplinary and integrative research into landscape ecology in rural landscapes.     

Implementing land use planning in the third world: The case of Bangladesh

Land use planning in the Third World has not measured up to expectations. More recent works that address the issue emphasize the underlying implementation problems. An inventory of literature reveals that the academic debate on planning and implementation issues tends to be entrenched into two opposing camps. On one side of the camp are those who would like to approach the problem by looking at implementation as part and parcel of the political process. On the other side are those who would rather see it in instrumental terms. In this article it is argued that the two perspectives are not mutually exclusive. The analysis is based on the assumption that the respective perspective looks at different aspects of the same problem, asking different questions and receiving answers accordingly. The relevancy of applying both the perspectives is illustrated by a discussion of land use planning and implementation in Bangladesh. From this case it can be seen that the problems of planning in the Third World is not only to have the right kind of policy and strategies, but also to be able to carry out intended policies and programmes.     

“两规”耦合背景下村庄发展一体化规划方法思考

中国西部城乡统筹发展下开展的＂三集中＂建设,既与农村土地整理密切相关,更需要农村产业发展和生产方式革新作为支撑,因此村镇规划和土地利用规划之间的关联度显而易见,＂两规＂耦合十分必要。村庄发展一体化规划主要通过改进技术路线,创新规划模式,完善规划编制方法,协调规划内容,创新规划成果表达等措施实现两规的耦合。本文以示范点四川省彭州市葛仙山镇熙玉村村庄发展一体化规划为例,检验其有效性。     

城乡规划建设与土地管理研究

近年来,随着我国经济稳定发展,人民对生活品质的要求越来越高,在人口数量不断增长的趋势下,与城乡建设匹配的土地资源成为了关乎民生的重要问题。针对我国现有城乡规划建设和土地管理工作中存在的问题进行探究,结合实际提出有利于提高城乡规划建设水平,优化土地资源利用率的相关对策,以供参考。     

大类招生背景下的土地资源管理专业发展策略研究

对海南大学土地资源管理专业在大类招生模式下的专业发展面临的形势进行了分析,论述了专业发展所遇到的问题,从发展思路、模块建设、过程管理和需求导向等方面介绍了专业发展策略,以期培养出适应社会发展需求的合格人才。     

农村土地规划管理中的问题及解决办法

从土地利用规划体系、管理结构设置、城乡土地规划管理等方面着手,分析了目前农村土地规划管理中存在的问题,并提出了健全土地规划管理体系、建立土地长期规划目标等对策,为我国农村土地资源的合理利用提供了保障。     

高铁站点周边地区的土地利用规划研究

从用地结构与布局、用地开发强度以及开发模式三个方面，总结了国外高速铁路站点周边地区土地利用与开发的经验，并结合济南西客站片区的土地利用规划专项研究，就高铁站点周边的用地布局与结构、开发强度、土地开发推进模式等方面进行了探讨，以期为我国高铁站点周边地区的建设积累经验。