Heat flux distribution on circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall

The future of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology is in raising the steam parameters to supercritical levels. Understanding the heat flux distribution on the water wall is one of the most important issues in the design and operation of supercritical pressure CFB boilers. In the present paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to predict the heat transfer coefficient as well as the heat flux of the membrane wall and the results are validated by direct measurement of the temperature around the tube. Studies on the horizontal heat flux distribution were conducted in three CFB boilers with different furnace size, tube dimension and water temperature. The results are useful in supercritical pressure CFB boiler design.     

超临界锅炉蓄热系数计算

锅炉蓄热系数是机炉协调控制系统设计和调试的重要参数。根据超临界锅炉的特点,采用能量平衡原理给出了超临界直流锅炉蓄热系数的计算方法。计算了1 000 MW机组超临界直流锅炉不同负荷下蓄热系数的大小并给出了蓄热系数变化趋势。     

Heat flux distribution on circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall

The future of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology is in raising the steam parameters to supercritical levels. Understanding the heat flux distribution on the water wall is one of the most important issues in the design and operation of supercritical pressure CFB boilers. In the present paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to predict the heat transfer coefficient as well as the heat flux of the membrane wall and the results are validated by direct measurement of the temperature around the tube. Studies on the horizontal heat flux distribution were conducted in three CFB boilers with different furnace size, tube dimension and water temperature. The results are useful in supercritical pressure CFB boiler design. __________ Translated from Journal of Power Engineering, 2007, 27(3): 336–340 [译自: 动力工程]     

Method of calculation of heat transfer coefficient of the heater in a circulating fluidized bed furnace

Knowledge of heat transfer coefficients is important in the design and operation of CFB boilers. It is the key to determining the area and the layout of the heat transfer surfaces in a CFB furnace. Local bulk density has a close relationship to the local heat transfer coefficient. Using a heat flux probe and bulk density sampling probe, the local bed to wall heat transfer coefficient in the furnace of a 75 t/h CFB boiler was measured. According to the experimental results and theoretical analysis of the facts that influence the heat transfer, the heat transfer coefficient calculation method for the CFB furnace was developed. The heat transfer surface configuration, heating condition, and the material density are considered in this method. The calculation method has been used in the design of CFB boilers with a capacity from 130 t/h to 420 t/h. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(7): 540–550, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10056     

300MW循环流化床锅炉屏式受热面传热系数计算及其变化规律

根据300MW循环流化床（CFB）锅炉现场测试数据并结合以往CFB锅炉传热系数的研究成果,建立了屏式受热面烟气侧的传热模型,包括辐射传热模型和对流传热半经验公式．利用该模型对某300MWCFB锅炉在94％锅炉最大连续蒸发量（BMCR）工况下炉膛内屏式受热面的传热系数进行了计算,分析了屏式受热面管间节距、炉膛温度、工质温度、壁面黑度及烟气速度等因素对传热系数的影响．结果表明：烟气速度、炉膛温度和壁面黑度对传热系数的影响较大,所建立的传热模型能够合理地反映主要因素对CFB锅炉屏式受热面传热的影响．     

600MWe超临界循环流化床锅炉的设计研究

超临界循环流化床锅炉将循环流化床（CFB）燃烧技术与超临界蒸汽压力循环的优点相结合，是一项发展前景十分广阔的洁净煤燃烧技术。该文讨论了超临界大型循环流化床锅炉设计中的诸如炉膛结构。换热面布置等一些重要问题。在此基础上给出了1台600MWe循环流化床锅炉的初步设计方案，最后，通过热力计算，预测了锅炉运行的主要参数并讨论了负荷变化对锅炉各项参数的影响。     

The impact of bed temperature on heat transfer characteristic between fluidized bed and vertical rifled tubes

In the present work, the heat transfer study focuses on assessment of the impact of bed temperature on the local heat transfer characteristic between a fluidized bed and vertical rifled tubes (38mm-O.D.) in a commercial circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. Heat transfer behavior in a 1296t/h supercritical CFB furnace has been analyzed for Geldart B particle with Sauter mean diameter of 0.219 and 0.246mm. The heat transfer experiments were conducted for the active heat transfer surface in the form of membrane tube with a longitudinal fin at the tube crest under the normal operating conditions of CFB boiler. A heat transfer analysis of CFB boiler with detailed consideration of the bed-to-wall heat transfer coefficient and the contribution of heat transfer mechanisms inside furnace chamber were investigated using mechanistic heat transfer model based on cluster renewal approach. The predicted values of heat transfer coefficient are compared with empirical correlation for CFB units in large-scale.     

循环流化床锅炉水冷壁的传热系数

对循环流化床锅炉内水冷壁的传热机理进行了分析,验证了循环流化床炉内受热面的传热计算经验公式,可供设计、调试和运行时参考。     

内置稳燃热岛燃气锅炉内流动与传热数值模拟

1前言近年来,随着钢铁工业的迅猛发展,生产中的副产煤气大量增加。焦炉煤气和转炉煤气由于发热值高,可以在生产和生活中有效利用。而高炉煤气属低热值燃料,受到其燃烧特性的限制,很难作为远距离输送的生活用气,只能在企业内部转换利用[1]。为了充分利用自产的高炉煤气,国内钢铁     

炉膛中间截面边界条件对双切圆锅炉空气动力场计算的影响

大容量超超临界锅炉广泛采用单炉膛双切圆的空气动力组织方式,在计算流体力学软件FLUENT平台上,针对1GW超超临界单炉膛双切圆锅炉,计算了全炉膛和炉膛中间截面边界条件设为对称面和边壁条件的炉内空气动力场。计算表明,与标准κ-ε双方程模型相比雷诺应力模型(RSM)具有更高的计算精度;中间截面采用对称边界条件时,其流场分布规律与全炉膛模拟结果相似;中间截面为边壁条件时炉膛中间截面附近流速降低,但对整个炉膛流场影响较小;中间截面采用这两种边界条件均会导致1#、6#角射流衰减缓慢而冲刷炉膛前墙中间水冷壁。     

燃煤锅炉三维CFD数值模型水冷壁热边界条件设定方法

目前,燃煤锅炉三维CFD数值模拟中对炉膛水冷壁传热分布的预测大都基于给定的壁面温度边界条件。然而,此方法无法体现锅炉运行状态对壁面传热与壁温分布的影响。提出了一种基于锅炉烟气侧放热与汽水侧吸热间热平衡关系的壁面传热计算方法,并重点讨论了壁面传热系数的物理意义及取值方法。研究发现,壁面传热系数基本由壁面结渣状态决定,因此可根据壁面渣层的传热系数确定。本文方法将影响壁面传热的关键因素合理地体现在计算过程中,同时在模型复杂性与工程适用性之间保持了合理的平衡。采用此方法对一台320 MW锅炉的燃烧与传热分布进行了数值模拟,水冷壁吸热量的预测结果与锅炉运行数据吻合良好。     

循环流化床锅炉低氮燃烧的CPFD数值模拟

针对某75 t/h循环流化床锅炉炉膛出口NOx排放超标问题进行分析探讨,以合理的低氮燃烧控制技术为主,辅以SNCR烟气脱硝技术,争取达到NO x超净排放要求。采用CPFD计算方法对循环流化床锅炉炉膛内的气固流动和燃烧特性进行数值模拟,运用低过量空气燃烧法和空气分级技术对锅炉进行低氮燃烧控制,研究一、二次风配比、二次风射流、过量空气系数、循环倍率和颗粒粒径等因素对炉内燃烧及NO x排放的影响。结果表明:通过低氮燃烧控制后,炉内速度场和温度场分布均匀,炉膛出口处烟气流速增加,炉膛平均烟温和出口氧浓度降低,还原性气体CO浓度和优化前基本相同,炉膛出口NOx浓度降低,减排效果显著,为以后的锅炉运行提供实际指导经验。     

某200 MW四角切圆锅炉燃烧器改造降低NOx数值模拟

针对国内某电厂200MW四角切圆锅炉NOx排放量较高,结渣严重的问题,利用CFD软件平台,采用数值模拟方法对其改造前后炉内燃烧过程进行研究。计算结果表明:由于附壁射流的作用,使得高温区集中在炉膛中部,有效地防止了锅炉结渣;改造后炉内有比常规燃烧方式锅炉更大的还原气氛区域,抑制了NOx的产生,使其排放降低34.6%。改造后的计算结果与试验相符的较好,所以此次数值模拟为锅炉设计、改造和运行提供理论依据。     

基于燃烧与水动力耦合模型的锅炉蒸汽管超温特性研究

提出一种基于燃烧与水动力耦合模型的锅炉蒸汽管壁温度数值模拟方法,对某660 MW超临界切圆燃烧锅炉壁温进行了计算分析。以均匀外壁温为边界条件,利用Fluent软件模拟了煤粉气固流动、燃烧和辐射等过程,获得了炉内不同位置受热管的传热热流。再以热流分布为边界,采用MATLAB软件建立了工质流动及气-壁-汽换热方程组,Fluent软件重新计算的壁温边界。通过编写模型间的网格映射函数,实现壁温的耦合计算。研究表明:壁温计算值与实测值的最大相对误差在2%以内;炉膛出口残余旋转使水平烟道左侧和右上方热流较大,高温再热器和末级过热器的外壁温沿炉宽方向呈双峰分布;高温再热器整级受热管出口壁温的峰谷差值远高于末级过热器,实际运行中应特别注意高温再热器靠烟道左侧管屏外圈管子向火侧弯头处的超温。     

300MW循环流化床锅炉热力特性的研究

为准确把握300 Mw循环流化床(CFB)锅炉的热力特性,针对目前国内3种典型300Mw CFB锅炉炉型,从炉膛、外置床的传热机理和传热计算角度出发,对不同炉型的热力特性进行了分析比较.结果表明:3种炉型CFB锅炉的热力特性均可满足蒸汽参数的要求,且热负荷分配合理.     

Flexibly using results of CFD and simplified heat transfer model for pulverized coal‐fired boilers

The efficient use of pulverized coal is crucial to the utility industries. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based numerical models has an important role in the design of new boiler furnaces or in retrofitting situations. The results of CFD simulations can be used to better understand the complex processes occurring within the boiler furnace. The use of these results to support boiler operation and training of operators requires that the CFD models can be easily accessed and the results are easily analysed. This paper discusses two ways to simulate the heat transfer process in boiler furnaces. The method directly applying CFD results is employed, in which the grid for solving the energy equation is the same as the flow grid in the CFD simulation while radiation heat transfer is solved in another relatively coarse grid. Comparison of the prediction results between CFD and Heat Transfer code (Simple model) is performed under boiler full load (100%) with one side wall fouling, as well as for different boiler loads (100, 98 and 95 per cent boiler full load, respectively). Finally, the flexible use of the results of CFD and the simple model for pulverized coal‐fired boilers is presented. To facilitate the use of the system, a user‐friendly interface was developed which enables the user to manipulate new calculations and to view results, namely performing ‘what–if’ analysis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

600 MW超临界循环流化床锅炉的设计

介绍了超临界循环流化床锅炉的发展概况、设计的主要问题及国外主要炉型,详细阐述了东方型600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉的主要技术特点、结构和系统布置.表明国内的锅炉制造厂商完全有能力向用户提供先进的大型超临界循环流化床锅炉产品.     

超临界锅炉炉膛传热计算方法的研究

通过比较各种不同的燃煤锅炉炉膛传热计算方法,在前苏联1973年热力计算标准中的分区段计算方法的基础上,提出一种改进算法,用于超临界锅炉炉膛传热计算。并对某600MW超临界锅炉采用改进的分区段法进行炉膛传热计算,结果与实际基本吻合。改进的分区段算法充分考虑了超临界锅炉炉膛结构和燃烧方式,可以作为超临界锅炉炉膛传热计算的有效工具。     

700℃超超临界塔式切圆燃烧锅炉水冷壁设计

对700℃超超临界塔式切圆燃烧锅炉的水冷壁进行设计,总体方案为下部炉膛采用螺旋管水冷壁,上部炉膛采用垂直管汽冷壁.以660 MW等级700℃塔式切圆燃烧锅炉为设计对象,确定了其水冷壁的结构参数、热力边界条件和热负荷分布曲线,并对其水动力进行了计算.根据管壁温度和鳍片温度计算结果,确定水冷壁材料为水冷壁管下部采用12Cr...     

超临界W形火焰锅炉炉内过程数值模拟

对东方锅炉集团股份有限公司开发的1 900t/h低质量流速垂直管圈超临界W形火焰锅炉进行了全炉膛炉内过程的数值模拟,得到炉内流场、温度场、烟气组分浓度及壁面热流密度的分布,并与同类型锅炉的实测数据进行了对比.结果表明:数值计算得到的炉内流动、炉膛和再热器热偏差以及炉膛出口氧量的分布与同类型锅炉实测趋势相吻合,数值模拟作为试验研究的补充在一定程度上是可以信赖的;得到的炉膛水冷壁壁面热流经修正后可以直接用于锅炉的水动力计算.