基于OWAS的人工破拆作业肌肉疲劳骨骼风险分析

目的 探究不良工作姿势对人工破拆作业人员肌肉骨骼损伤(MSDs,Musculoskeletal Disorders)的影响.方法 本文采用工作姿势分析系统(OWAS,Ovako Working Posture Analysis System)对作业人员的不良姿势出现的百分比和负重情况进行分析与评估.结果 数据显示作业人...     

公路桥梁焊接工肌肉骨骼损伤风险因子分析

目的 分析公路桥梁焊接作业中的人因风险因子,降低工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤(Work-related Mus-culoskeletal Disorders,WMSDs).方法 利用工作姿势分析法(Ovako Working Posture Analysing System,OWAS),分析作业中不良工作姿势出现比例及风险评估...     

基于OWAS和RULA法对电商物流自提点手工作业的风险分析

目的分析电商物流自提点内的人工作业风险,改善工人工作条件。方法应用工作姿势分析(Ovako Working Posture Analysis System,OWAS)和快速上肢评估(Rapid Upper Limb Assessment,RLILA)法对自提点内的分拣和上架作业做动作分析,识别不自然姿势并评估其风险等级。结果分拣作业和上架作业中均存在不自然姿势动作,尤其在上架作业中向手推车抓取包裹和给货架最高层或最底层上架包裹的动作均属于非常有害动作且需立马改进。采取有针对性的改善方案,人工作业风险都能降低。结论 OWAS和RULA法都能在自提点人工作业的研究与改善中得到有效运用,自提点人工作业风险亟需关注。     

基于OWAS方法的选煤厂工人肌肉骨骼损伤分析

探讨选煤厂拣矸作业中危险姿势对工人肌肉骨骼损伤的影响。通过问卷调查和工作姿势分析系统（OWAS）对工人不良作业姿势重复出现的比例以及身体损伤状况进行评估与分析。结果显示工人背部和颈部出现不良作业姿势的比例、危害和损伤程度较高。这与疲劳自觉症状调查和OWAS系统分析所得出的结果基本一致。采取恰当的轮岗方式,增加座椅以及防护装备可有效降低工人肌肉骨骼的损伤程度,同时会更好的提高工作表现并减少工伤事故的发生。     

铸件打磨工人姿势分析及改善研究

为设计能减轻铸件打磨工人工作姿势负荷的工作平台,首先在现场录制打磨工作的视频,然后运用OWAS(Ovako working posture analysis system)分析视频中打磨作业的工作姿势,发现工人在打磨铸件时须长时间保持背部和腿部弯曲的姿势,86%的工作姿势劳累等级为迫切需要改进的AC3级和AC4级。针对姿势分析发现的问题,结合人体尺寸数据和打磨作业的现实约束条件,设计适用于打磨作业的工作平台,并采用Jack软件对改善后打磨工人的工作姿势进行验证。结果表明,在工作平台进行打磨工作时,AC1级姿势占42.6%,AC2级占57.4%,基本消除AC3级和AC4级姿势。打磨工人的工作姿势得到显著改善。     

公交司机肌肉骨骼损伤风险的工效学分析

通过问卷调查,结合Ovako工作姿势分析系统(OWAS)对城市公共汽车司机患肌肉骨骼损伤性疾病的风险进行了评估和分析。分析结果显示,公共汽车司机的颈部和背部存在较大的损伤风险,车辆进站、出站和转弯过程中不良姿势的比例较高。研究结果分别从主观和客观两个方面评估了城市公共汽车司机的职业负荷和可能的职业伤害,对城市公共汽车司机职业健康的促进和工作环境的改进具有一定的实践指导意义。     

工作研究在流水线平整中的应用

以某企业激光头基座准备(又称H-S准备)生产线为研究对象，运用模特法及秒表测时法测定了流水线各工位的作业时间，找出了影响流水线生产能力的瓶颈工位和能力过剩工位；运用“5W1H”提问技术，分析流水线在设备能力、定员、任务分配、工艺内容及流水线布局等方面存在的问题；根据ECRS(取消、合并、重排、简化)原则及流水线平整理论设计了流水线平整方案，包括对现有设备的改进、相关工位作业内容的重新分配、调整部分工位的设备和人员、减少个别工位的机器作业时间、对生产线重新布局及实行分段管理等。新方案的实施使生产线生产能力提高61．4％，定员减少111人，年人工成本降低92．24万元，生产现场的环境得到了较大改善。     

生产线平衡方法在水泵转子装配线改善中的应用研究

以工业工程的作业测定和方法研究为基础,用生产线平衡技术对排污泵转子装配生产线进行改善.通过制作工作流程动作时间观测表和山积图,确定改善方向;综合运用作业ECRS原则、动作分析和作业分析构建改善方案;对作业工位进行合并重组,采用U型布局的生产线,实现减少操作人员数量及提高生产线空间利用率的目的.     

汽车零配件手工装配工位人因分析及改善研究

目的为研究汽车零配件手工装配工位中"人-机-环"不协调的工效学问题。方法以LD公司ST25工位为研究对象,运用模特排时法(MOD)和快速上肢评估法(RULA)对作业姿势和工作台进行人因风险识别和评估。结果工人在操作中上肢存在高频率重复性远距离抓取的强迫体位,且下肢伸展受阻,为患肌肉骨骼损伤(WMSDs)的潜在风险部位;工作台无照明是导致工人颈部前倾的关键因素。基于以上分析,重新设计该工位物料供给方式,增加了照明装置和脚踏板。改善后物料抓取距离每班减少144 m,下肢不适感明显降低。结论操作台的工效学合理性是汽车零部件生产工人职业健康和工作效率的重要影响因素,该研究策略对同行业在生产工位的工效学改善具有一定的参考意义。     

汽车座椅工位器具的动力学特性研究

为了提高汽车座椅工位器具的可靠性,对汽车座椅工位器具的动力学特性进行了研究。采用ANSYS有限元分析软件模拟的方法,得到了汽车座椅工位器具的模态分析、谐响应分析以及线性曲屈分析结果,从而为工位器具的振动特性分析、振动故障诊断和预报以及结构动力特性的优化设计提供依据。     

Working in ISO

正交流时间:2014年5月19日-2014年5月23日地点:瑞士日内瓦,国际标准化组织(ISO)Time:May 19,2014–May 23,2014 Workplace:ISO Central Secretariat,Geneva,SwitzerlandGoing Out As the secretary of the newly created ISO/TC 289 on brand evaluation,I had the chance to attend the one-week secretary trainings sponsored by SAC and ISO in Geneva,Switzerland.Thirteen senior     

Working in SCC

It was fortunate for me to take part in SAC-SCC staff exchange program and have a monthlong visit in the headquarters of Standards Council of Canada （SCC） in Ottawa, Canada, in a golden fall of2013.     

Working in SA

The close trading ties between Australia and China provide broad space for the cooperation on standardization. To enhance mutual understanding and deepen practical cooperation on standardization, my colleague Zhang Yan and l visited Standards Australia （SA） and worked there for one month in 2013.     

走出去(英文)

正Working in ISO国家标准委蓝麒交流时间:2013年11月15日-12月15日地点:德国柏林,德国标准化协会(DIN)Lan Qi from SAC Time:Nov.15 2013–Dec.15 2013Workplace:German Institute for Standardization(DIN),Berlin,Germany     

Working in ASME

正交流时间:2013年6月30日-2013年9月27日地点:美国纽约,美国机械工程师学会Time:June 30,2013-Sep.27,2013 Workplace:American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),New York,U.S.A.     

Working in SA

According to the consensus made by SAC and SA on the staff exchange, I participated in the SAC-SA staff exchange program from November 16 to December 15, 2013.     

Working with multiscale asymptotics

This paper surveys, compares and updates techniques to obtain the asymptotic solution of the weakly nonlinear oscillator equation ÿ + y +ε f(y, $\dot{y}This paper surveys, compares and updates techniques to obtain the asymptotic solution of the weakly nonlinear oscillator equation ? + y +ε f(y, ) =0 as ε → 0 and for corresponding first-order vector systems. The solutions found by the regular perturbation method generally feature resonance and so break down as t → ∞. The classical methods of averaging and multiple scales eliminate such secular behavior and provide asymptotic solutions valid for time intervals of length t=O(ε⁻1). The renormalization group method proposed by Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. E 54 (1996) 376–394] gives equivalent results. Several well-known examples are solved with these methods to demonstrate the respective techniques and the equivalency of the approximations produced. Finally, an amplitude-equation method is derived that incorporates the best features of all these techniques. This method is both straightforward to automate with a computer-algebra system and flexible enough to allow the forcing f to depend on the small parameter This paper is dedicated to Jerry Kevorkian with sincere appreciation for his long career of dedicated teaching at the University of Washington and for his substantial contributions to multiscale asymptotics     

Working with the Boltzmann-temperature

The article is based on a previous suggestion by the author to introduce a new temperature scale — named after the German physicist Boltzmann. The proposition is repeated in short, then some practical consequencies are demonstrated. The ideal gas law will take on a simpler form and the molar heat capacities will turn into dimensionless quantities. The universal gas constant and the Boltzmann constant are shown to be superfluous conversion factors. It is further demonstrated how an empirical scale for the Boltzmann temperature can be established and how dimensional analysis can be performed. Some examples from statistical mechanics show that the Boltzmann temperature is well suited when deducing the basic relations in this field. It is emphasized that the proposition does not affect the theory of thermodynamics, it only draws conclusions from well known facts. In traditional thermodynamics the so-called barometric equation is taken to actually measure the Boltzmann constant. Such measurement has no meaning in the Boltzmann temperature idiom, the result of the measurement is in this notion the Loschmidt (Avogadro) number. The molar entropy becomes a pure, dimensionless number, a property which corresponds well to the real nature of entropy. The relation to the thermodynamic probability of a state is established, and a different form of the Boltzmann equation S=k In W is given.