Removal of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ by adsorption on clay-solidified grouting curtain for waste landfills

Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ in leachate were adsorbed on clay-solidified grouting curtain for waste landfills with equilibrium experiment. The cation exchange capacity was determined with ammonium acetate. And the concentration of heavy metal cations in leachate was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Their equilibrium isotherms were measured, and the experimental isotherm data were analyzed by using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The results show that the adsorption capacities of the heavy metal cations are closely related to the compositions of clay-solidified grouting curtain, and the maximum adsorption appears at the ratio of cement to clay of 2 ： 4 in the experimental conditions. At their maximum adsorption and pH 5.0, the adsorption capacities of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ are 16.19 mg/g and 1.21 mg/g. The competitive adsorption coefficients indicate that the adsorption of clay-solidified grouting curtain for Pb^2＋ is stronger than that for Cd^2＋. The adsorption process conforms to Freundlich＇s model with related coefficient higher than 0. 996.     

Retention of clay-solidified grouting curtain to Cd~(2 ), Pb~(2 ) and Hg~(2 ) in landfill of municipal solid waste

1　INTRODUCTIONIntheseyears ,innocuitytreatmentofmunicipalsolidwaste (MSW )hasincreasedgreatlyand 95 %isattributedtosanitaryandsemi sanitarylandfillswiththelandfillsbeingconstructedinarapidprogressinChina.Itisveryimportantforlandfillsto preventseepageofleachateincludingheavymetalsfromlandfillsintotheenvironment.Manyresearchershavestudiedtheanti seepagetechnology .Forexample ,Philip[1 ] investigatedcontaminationtransportprocessthroughsingle phasecement bentoniteslurrywallbytriaxialcelle…     

用于Pb2+、Hg2+离子选择性固相萃取的微流控芯片

为实现微流控芯片对重金属Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的选择性固相萃取,首先采用3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和5-甲基苯并三氮唑对纳米二氧化硅进行硅烷偶联改性,随后以改性纳米二氧化硅为基础,设计并制备了可更换吸附剂的一体化填充式固相萃取芯片.测试结果表明:改性后不仅吸附剂的团聚现象得到明显改善,且当pH=5时,对Pb~(2+)的吸附率可达99.1%,对Hg~(2+)的吸附率可达98.9%,而对Cr~(3+)的吸附率为20.4%,对Mn~(2+)的吸附率仅为13.2%.即使样品中混有干扰离子(K~+、Na~+或Mn~(2+))时,对Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的吸附率仍均可达97%以上.当进样流速≤1.5 mL/min时,微流控芯片对Pb~(2+)或Hg~(2+)的吸附率可达98%以上;以0.5 mol/L的盐酸和2%的硫代尿素为洗脱液,控制流速在0.20.3 mL/min范围内时,芯片对Pb~(2+)或Hg~(2+)的洗脱率均达到92%以上.用于Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的选择性固相萃取芯片的成功制备,有助于微流控技术在重金属污染监测领域的应用和推广.     

剩余污泥吸附Cu2+、Cd2+试验

为研究剩余污泥的有效利用,通过实验室静态吸附试验,研究剩余污泥对Cu2+、Cd2+溶液的吸附特性及影响因素.结果表明,吸附过程中pH值、污泥量、吸附时间和初始溶液质量浓度对吸附效率均有影响,pH值是吸附过程的最重要因素,增加投泥量和提高pH值可以明显提高吸附量,而温度对污泥吸附的影响并不显著.吸附热力学数据表明,污泥对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,最大吸附容量分别为32.4mg/g和30.2mg/g.剩余污泥能够作为重金属离子的吸附剂.     

Adsorption behavior of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings

The adsorption behavior of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings was investigated to demonstrate the adsorptivity of the bauxite flotation tailings. The adsorption percentage of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions as a function of adsorbent dosage, solution pH value and shaking time were determined by batch experiments. The maximum adsorption percentage of 99.93% for Pb^2＋ ions and 99.75% for Cd^2＋ ions were obtained by using bauxite flotation tailings as adsorbent. The methods, such as zeta potentials, specific surface area measurements and the analysis of adsorption kinetics, were introduced to analyze the adsorption mechanisms of the Pb^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings. The isoelectric point of bauxite flotation tailings shifts from 3.6 to 5.6 in the presence of Pb^2＋ ions. The specific surface area of bauxite flotation tailings changes from 12.57 to 20.63 m^2/g after the adsorption of Pb^2＋ ions. These results indicate that a specific adsorption of the cation species happens on the surface of bauxite flotation tailings. Adsorption data of Pb^2＋ ions on the surface of bauxite flotation tailings can be well described by Langmuir model, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best correlation for the adsorption data of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings.     

膨润土对废水中Cu2+的吸附性能研究

研究了钙基膨润土和钠基膨润土对废水中铜离子的吸附特性.结果表明,钠基膨润土和钙基膨润土的吸附行为都依赖于溶液的pH值,初始离子浓度和吸附剂用量.在低pH值时主要是H+与Cu2+竞争吸附位.pH值在3到7时基本的吸附机制是离子交换的过程.在高pH值(＞8.3)时,在膨润土颗粒表面形成氢氧化铜的吸附或沉淀.随初始金属离子浓...     

Cu2+和Ni2+对水解-MBR工艺处理效能的影响特性

为降低电镀废水中重金属对生物处理系统的冲击,采用水解-膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对电镀综合废水进行处理,以重金属离子Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)为代表,重点研究不同质量浓度的重金属冲击下对水解-MBR工艺处理电镀废水效能的影响,以及水中DOMs与微生物活性的变化情况.结果表明:在Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)质量浓度5~20 mg/L冲击下,水解-MBR组合工艺对COD和NH_4~+-N去除效率分别在75%和45%以上.硝化细菌抗重金属冲击能力较差,水解-MBR组合工艺对重金属Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的耐受质量浓度可达20 mg/L,而单纯MBR工艺仅为10 mg/L.水解反应器可将污水中HPI大部分转化为HPO-A,改善难降解有机物可生化性,芳香族化合物的含量明显降低.随着重金属Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)质量浓度的升高,MBR反应器内活性污泥的SOUR值逐步下降,但水解-MBR工艺SOUR受重金属的抑制率均比单独MBR工艺低5%左右.由于水解使重金属毒性减弱,水解-MBR系统中微生物的活性较高,系统中EPS含量和出水质量浓度均显著低于单独MBR工艺,且可以有效减少膜表面胶体物质和溶解性有机物形成,降低污泥滤饼层的形成速度,有效减缓膜污染的速率.     

胞嘧啶与金属离子Cu+／2+,Zn2复合物的稳定性研究

用M06/6-31+G*方法和PCM(polarized continuum model)溶剂模型研究了CnCu+/2+和CnZn2+配合物在气液两相中的稳定性顺序,重点从溶剂效应和电荷分布等方面讨论分析了与生物环境相关的液相中各配合物的稳定性。结果表明,CnCu+受溶剂效应和电子转移的影响不大,气液两相中最稳定的配合物均为C1Cu+,后面的配合物稳定性顺序基本一致;CnCu2+在气相中最稳定的也是C1Cu2+,受溶剂效应和电子转移的影响(溶液中C4CuII+→C4CuII2+过程比C1Cu+→C1Cu2+进程有更多的电荷转移(0.14 vs 0.07)),液相中最稳定的配合物变为C4CuII2+。CnZn2+在气液两相中最稳定的配合物均为C1Zn2+,这与CnCu+最稳定的配合物规律一致,但后面的配合物稳定性顺序变化较大,其中稳定性顺序中排第二位和第三位的配合物由气相中的C7ZnI2+和C6ZnI2+变为液相中的C4ZnII2+和C5ZnI2+。C4MII+/2+和C5MI+/2+因结构对称且电荷分布相似,稳定性基本一致。     

处理电镀废水的耐铜功能菌的筛选及吸附性能

针对表面加工工业园区来水量不定、水质复杂及物化预处理单元对重金属处理不完全,导致其污水处理厂的生物处理单元受到重金属影响的问题,以电镀废水中常见的Cu~(2+)为研究对象,从电镀废水活性污泥中分离得到两株对铜离子耐受能力较强的菌株,分别命名为L2和L3.考察吸附时间、p H、温度和初始Cu~(2+)质量浓度对耐铜功能菌吸附去除Cu~(2+)的影响.结果表明,在LB培养基和电镀废水培养基中,L2和L3均有较高的Cu~(2+)最小抑制浓度,且可在短时间内实现吸附平衡,最佳p H和温度均为6和28℃.在此环境条件下,Cu~(2+)最大吸附量分别为34.15和45.68 mg/g,可实现快速高效地去除废水中的重金属.