焙烤类谷物食品糖基化产物的定性、定量评价方法

糖基化产物与心血管疾病、糖尿病等多种慢性病的发生有关,因此对食品中糖基化产物含量的评价尤为重要。研究了不同酶解条件对结合态糖基化产物的释放,并且建立了以色度、吸光度、荧光强度等为考察指标综合评价不同反应途径的糖基化产物含量的体系。结果表明:分别采用E320μg/mL和640μg/mL酶解焙烤类谷类食物,40℃酶解36 h,结合态糖基化产物释放较为充分。谷物早餐中美拉德反应产物含量低于饼干和面包;荧光性晚期糖基化终产物含量大小依次为:饼干(1 890 AU/mg)面包(1 886 AU/mg)谷物早餐(1 678 AU/mg)。另外,早餐谷物中初期(A_(208))、中期糖基化产物(A_(360))显著高于饼干和面包(P0.05),而早餐谷物中期和末期糖基化反应产物(戊糖素、5-HMF和HMF)含量显著低于面包和饼干(P0.05)。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法检测植物性食品中14种欧盟优控多环芳烃

目的 建立准确测定蔬菜、水果及粮食中多环芳烃含量,了解河北省内上述食品中14种欧盟优控多环芳烃(苯并(c)芴、苯并(a)蒽、?、5-甲基?、苯并(j)荧蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,l)芘、二苯并(a, h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝、茚并(1,2,3-cd)(a)芘、二苯并(a,e)芘、二苯并(a,i)芘、二苯并(a,h)芘)的实际污染状况。方法 样品经环己烷：乙酸乙酯(1:1, V:V)溶液超声提取后,浓缩至近干,经正己烷复溶后通过多环芳烃专用固相萃取柱进行净化处理,洗脱液经浓缩后用乙腈定容,采用液相色谱-荧光检测法进行检测。结果 14种化合物的线性范围为1.00~18.0μg/kg;方法回收率为60.9%~125.4%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~7.6%;苯并(c)芴、苯并(a)蒽、?、5-甲基-1,2-苯并菲、苯并(j)荧蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,e)芘、二苯并(a,i)芘、二苯并(a,h)芘检出限为0.15μg/kg;二苯并(a,l)芘、二苯并(a, h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘检出限为0.3μg/kg。市售的96份样品中, 检出不同种类不同含量的多环芳烃类化合物, 检出率为51.0%。结论 本方法重现性好,检测灵敏度高,可用于水果、蔬菜及粮食中14种多环芳烃的检测。     

减少食品中亚硝酸盐危害的研究进展

本文阐述了食品中亚硝酸盐的危害和来源。亚硝酸盐的主要来源为蔬菜生长过程中和腌制过程中积累的亚硝酸盐,其次是亚硝酸盐作为着色剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂添加的腌腊肉制品。摄入0.3~0.5 g亚硝酸盐就可引起中毒,摄入3 g甚至会致死。减少蔬菜中的亚硝酸盐含量主要靠控制腌制时间和腌制过程中盐的浓度以及烹饪后尽快食用来减少亚硝酸盐的生成量。而减少腌腊肉制品中的亚硝酸盐则主要从2个方面入手,一是直接减少亚硝酸盐的使用量或者完全不使用亚硝酸盐;二是阻断亚硝胺的形成。研究表明,发色剂红曲色素、抑菌剂乳酸菌及乳酸链球菌素、抗氧化剂茶多酚以及亚硝胺生成阻断剂α-生育酚、姜蒜汁等都能够有效地减少腌腊肉制品中亚硝酸盐的含量,降低食品中亚硝酸盐的危害。     

广州部分市售米面制品金属污染状况调查分析

为了解广州市市售部分米面制品中的金属污染情况,采用原子吸收光谱法和分光光度法,测定了6类米面及其制品中的铅、镉和铝的含量。结果显示,大米、面粉、玉米粉、方便米粉和油条中对人体有害的铅、镉含量均小于限量,合格率为100%,方便面样品除了铅含量合格率为94.44%外,其他元素合格率均为100%。油条和方便面的铝污染较重,检出率分别为78.57%和100%,应给予以一定重视。     

糖醇食品健康营养新概念

糖醇具有热量低、不刺激胰岛素分泌、能缓解糖尿病、防止肥胖和预防龋齿等功能特性,是一种健康营养的食糖替代品.介绍了各种糖醇的物理化学性质、生理功能与特性,并阐述了糖醇在食品工业中的应用及前景.     

实时荧光PCR法测定婴幼儿辅助食品中过敏原鱼类成分

目的建立实时荧光PCR检法测定婴幼儿辅助食品中过敏原鱼类成分。方法通过改进的前处理方法,采用实时荧光PCR法,对45个样品进行检测,分别进行特异性、检出限以及适用性试验。结果用于特异性试验的18个样品中,只有鱼类出现特异性扩增;通过7个不同质量配比的鱼肉样品得出检出限低于0.01%;对市售20批样品进行检测,检测结果与样品标识相符。结论该方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于婴幼儿辅助食品中过敏原鱼成分的检测。     

Prevention of lipid oxidation in muscle foods by milk proteins and peptides: A review

Muscle foods (especially fresh meat, precooked, and restructured meat products) are highly prone to lipid oxidation, which ultimately leads to certain problems, viz. discoloration, off-flavor, drip losses, loss of essential fatty acids and vitamins, and generation of toxic products. These problems can be minimized with the help of various agents and or techniques such as use of natural/synthetic antioxidants, metal chelating agents, physical conditions, vacuum packaging, and encapsulation techniques. Among these, the role of synthetic antioxidants is quite debatable due to certain health risks to humans. Among the natural molecules, milk proteins and their bioactive peptides offer a promising potential for the meat industry. Various forms of milk proteins and peptides including caseinates, whey proteins, skim milk, and milk co-precipitates can be used to prevent lipid oxidation in meat products either in the form of added ingredients or as edible coatings. However, in addition to prevention of lipid oxidation, they also provide nutritional benefits and improve the technological processing and shelflife of meat and meat products. This review focuses on the utilization, mechanism of action, and efficacy of milk proteins and peptides to inhibit lipid oxidation in muscle food products.     

HPTLC-DPPH显色-像素分析快速测定酚类 抗氧化剂：以食用油和烘焙食品中TBHQ为例

目前,酚类抗氧化剂TBHQ的常用检测方法存在前处理烦琐、耗时长、单次只能测定一个样品的问题,因此亟需建立一种高通量、快速准确的检测方法。为此,将高效薄层色谱(HPTLC)分离与1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)还原变色反应、图像像素定量分析相结合,建立了一种快速筛检酚类抗氧化剂TBHQ的方法。在此基础上,以食用油、面包和蛋糕为代表性样品,验证所建方法的实际应用性能。结果显示：所建方法检测TBHQ的检测限为70 ng/zone (35 mg/kg),定量限为140 ng/zone (70 mg/kg),定量限低于GB 2760—2014规定的使用限量(200 mg/kg);通过对比分析,样品提取物中共存的背景基质对目标物定量的干扰可以忽略,证明了该方法具有良好的选择性;目标物在150～550 ng/zone范围内表现出良好的线性（R2=0.989 2）;多次平行（n=3）测试和国标规定使用限量水平附近的加标回收率测试结果证明了该方法具有较好的精密度和准确度。综上,该方法具有基质耐受性强、定量准确、简便可靠且分析通量大等优点,特别适合粮油食品中各种抗氧化剂的快速定量筛查,具有凝炼成为相关领域国家标准的潜力和价值。     

Total aflatoxins in complementary foods produced at community levels using locally available ingredients in Ethiopia

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and levels of total aflatoxins in complementary foods (CFs) and their ingredients. A total of 126 samples collected from 20 Districts from Amhara, Tigray, Oromia, and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions were analysed for levels of total aflatoxins using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Aflatoxins were detected in 62 out of 66 pre-milling samples with mean range of 0.3–9.9 µg/kg. Aflatoxins were also detected in 19 out of 20 post-production CFs and in all of the one-month stored CFs at households and grain banks, with a mean range of 0.5–8.0, 3.6–11.3, and 0.2–12.4 µg/kg, respectively. Overall, 3 out of 126 samples exceeded the maximum limit (10 µg/kg). Although most aflatoxin levels were below the maximum limit and thus considered to be safe for consumption, more effort should be implemented to reduce contamination, as these CFs are intended for consumption by young children.     

毛细管电泳技术在乳制品营养与安全分析中的应用

乳制品的营养与安全一直广受世界范围内的关注,各种色谱及色谱-质谱联用技术在乳制品分析中得到广泛应用。毛细管电泳技术在乳制品的营养与安全分析中独具特色,成为不可或缺的分析技术。本文围绕毛细管电泳技术分析乳及乳制品中乳糖和半乳糖、胆碱、5’-单磷酸核苷酸、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐、山梨酸和苯甲酸等小分子化合物的方法,结合本实验室利用毛细管电泳技术参加能力验证等方面的工作,从营养成分、限量物质、残留分析、禁用物质、复原乳识别和能力验证这6个方面,对近10年来毛细管电泳技术在乳制品营养与安全分析中有代表性的应用研究及其进展进行总结,并对其在乳制品中小分子化学物质分析中的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Biogenic amines in selected foods of animal origin obtained from the Croatian retail market

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the presence of eight biogenic amines (BAs): tryptamine (TRP), phenylethylamine (PHE), putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), histamine (HIS), tyramine (TYR), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) in cheese, fish & fishery products and meat & meat products obtained from the Croatian retail market. A selective and robust method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) was applied for the determination of BAs in a total of 91 samples in accordance with the performance criteria outlined in the European legislation. A high inter- and intra-food group variability of the amounts of BAs was observed. In the analysed samples, the most represented amines were TYR, HIS, CAD and PUT. Based on the highest content of the most toxic BAs (HIS and TYR) and consequential food safety concerns, the studied food groups can be ranked in the following order: cheese (HIS up to 106.4 mg/kg; TYR up to 206.6 mg/kg), fish &fishery products (HIS up to 98.8 mg/kg; TYR up to 47.9 mg/kg), and meat & meat products (HIS up to 20.0 mg/kg; TYR up to 117.5 mg/kg). The total BA content was significantly higher (p < .05) in fermented in comparison with other food. The study aimed to contribute to the knowledge on BA toxicity and food quality, as well as to support the indispensable future studies of consumption data and exposure assessment, to the end of defining allowable BA concentrations in food.     

Organochlorine pesticides in canned tuna and sardines on the Serbian market

The aim of this study was to determine the level of organochlorine (OC) pesticides in 57 samples of canned tuna and 31 samples of canned sardines in vegetable oil, collected from supermarkets in Serbia. OC pesticides α-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), DDE, DDD, dielderin, endosulfane I, endosulfane II, endosulan sulfate, endrin, endrin ketone, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, aldrin, metoxichlor, cis-chlordane and trans-chlordane were determined using a GS-MS method. The highest concentrations (µg kg^?1, arithmetic means) in canned tuna were for δ-HCH (60.6 ± 97.0) and p, p´-DDT (55.0 ± 25.1), while the corresponding values in canned sardines were for δ-HCH (90.7 ± 102.7) and endosulfane II (78.0 ± 145.9). Mean level for the sum of endosulfans was above the maximum limit in canned sardines (85.0 µg kg^?1). Also, dieldrin (39.7 µg kg^?1) was measured above the ML.     

Detection of allergenic parvalbumin of Atlantic and Pacific herrings in fish products by PCR

The conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect the major allergenic protein parvalbumin beta 2 of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) was developed. The specific set of primers for the amplification of the partial genomic sequence of the pvalb 2 gene encoding the main fish allergen of both herrings was designed and applied to the investigation of 24 commercial fish products. The targeted amplicon size was 189 bp of pvalb 2 gene of Atlantic herring and Pacific herring. As the internal amplification control, the DNA of 18S rRNA gene for eukaryotes (141 bp) was successfully used. The specificity of designed primer pair using 26 various fish species was assessed. The intrinsic detection limit was 10 pg µl^?1 of the present specific DNA. Atlantic herring or Pacific herring allergenic parvalbumins were detected in 22 investigated fish products in conformity with the package declaration. Two fish products were negative in spite of the declaration. The proposed PCR method is specific enough and can be used for the detection of Atlantic and Pacific herrings’ major allergen parvalbumin beta 2 in fish food products.     

Analysis of the intake of sodium with cereal products by the population of Poland

The study aimed to analyse the intake of Na with cereal products by the population of Poland. In addition, based on available literature, changes in the content of Na in bread sold in the Polish market from 2009 to 2018 were analysed with regard to Na intake reduction campaigns held in Poland since 2009 popularising information about the adverse effect of sodium on the human cardiovascular system. The results led to the conclusion that the analysed products contained 3.042 ± 3.4 g of Na per 1 kg of fresh product. The content of Na in the analysed products was bread > bread rolls > grains > pasta > rice. Cereal products provide 48.3 % of an adult’s intake of Na, where as much as 48.2 % is covered by bread, with only 0.04 % by grains, 0.04 % by pasta, and 0.01 % by rice. According to information available in reference literature from 2009–2017 the content of Na in baked goods has not been subject to significant modifications. In Poland, with regard to an excessive consumption of Na, efficient strategies must be developed to increase the awareness of consumers and to reduce the use of table salt in the most popular products, and in particular in baked goods. One of the ways to reduce the intake of Na would be consumers’ selection of an adequate range of foodstuffs naturally poor in this element or having its content reduced by means of a suitable technology. This can be a significant component of practices preventing the development of hypertension. However, the fact that information about the content of Na in cereal products is often missing from product labels makes consumer choice difficult.     

广西部分食品中防腐剂检测结果分析

目的了解广西部分食品中防腐剂使用情况。方法从8类场所随机抽取14类食品样品,按照相应标准检测7种食品防腐剂,对检测结果进行分析。结果共检测2386批次食品样品,防腐剂不合格样品9批次,不合格率为0.38%;脱氢乙酸及其钠盐、山梨酸及其钾盐检出率较高,分别为35.07%、21.17%,山梨酸及其钾盐不合格率最高,为0.21%。山梨酸及其钾盐、苯甲酸及其钠盐、乙二胺四乙酸二钠等3种防腐剂在预包装食品中的检出率高于散装食品,脱氢乙酸及其钠盐和丙酸及其钠盐、钙盐在散装食品中检出率高于预包装食品。蔬菜制品复合使用防腐剂样品占其抽检样品量的58.82%,其次是焙烤食品,占比为32.37%。结论广西企业生产的部分食品中防腐剂使用基本符合GB2760-2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》要求,少量食品存在超范围超限量添加防腐剂问题,部分食品复合使用两种以上防腐剂。     

Determination of lactulose in foods: a review of recent research

This article mainly discusses the methods for the determination of lactulose. The methods referred to were spectrophotometric methods, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and other related techniques (such as: capillary electrophoresis, differential pH methods, flow analysis methods). Spectrophotometric methods are suitable both for qualitative and quantitative determination of lactulose with good efficiency and limited costs. Although tedious and time‐consuming preparation of samples is necessary for HPLC and GC methods, both of them afford high resolution and excellent accuracy for lactulose analysis. In addition, other methods (CE, FA and differential pH methods) could also provide reliable results for lactulose determination with relatively simple operation. Various methods of recent research were introduced by analysing the advantages and disadvantages of them.     

乳和乳制品中残留抗生素的检测方法

论述了牛奶中残留抗生素的原因及危害性，列举了目前世界上较为流行的牛奶抗生素检测方法，并介绍了其检测原理。     

糖尿病患者无糖食品中功能性营养成分分析

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定无糖食品中的功能性营养成分的含量的分析方法。方法分别对固体样品以及液体样品进行前处理后,采用ZorbaxXDB-C_(18)色谱柱分离,甲醇-0.02mol/L KH_2PO_4溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1mL/min,柱温为30℃。并与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(inductivelycoupled plasma-optical emission spectrometery, ICP-OES)进行对比。结果 6个无糖食品样品主要营养成分分析结果为:样品X1、X2、X3、Y2中的总糖(蔗糖、麦芽糖、淀粉糖)含量在规定的标准范围之内,Y1和Y3中的总糖含量超过了规定的标准;蛋白质含量依次为X1Y3X2Y1X3Y2;碳水化合物的含量的排序为Y2Y1Y3X1X3X2。与ICP-OES法相比,高效液相色谱法的加标回收率达到了95%～99%,回收率提高了10%左右。结论高效液相色谱法操作简单、准确性好,适用于糖尿病患者无糖食品中功能性营养成分的分析检测。     

Vitamin A activity in foods of animal origin

The vitamin A activity of 246 samples of 59 different foods of animal origin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Wherever possible, the amounts of all-trans retinol, 13-cis- retinol, dehydroretinol, retinaldehyde and β-carotene were measured. The relative activity of these components is discussed, and the results compared with previous estimates of the vitamin A content of these foods.