Using the UHF technique to investigate PD produced by defects insolid insulation

The partial discharges produced by internal defects in solid insulation have been investigated using the ultra high frequency (UHF) technique. The work has shown that the discharges produced by a virgin cavity generate a UHF signal that may be detected using this UHF technique. The discharges are observed as a series of UHF pulses that occur less frequently as time progresses. The reduction in the number of UHF pulses has been attributed to a progressive change from the streamer discharge mechanism, that is observed with a virgin cavity, to the Townsend mechanism, which occurs when the cavity has been exposed to prolonged discharge activity. It also has been shown that the discharges associated with tree formation generate a detectable UHF signal. The paper describes a method of distinguishing between the streamer discharges and the discharges that cause treeing     

Partial discharge study in transformer oil due to particle movement under DC voltage using the UHF technique

Converter transformers are one of the key components in high voltage DC power networks. The insulation of these transformers is stressed by both AC and DC voltages. Therefore, AC and DC voltage tests are routinely applied during factory tests to verify the performance of the insulation structure. Partial discharges in an insulation system are incipient discharges that can damage materials and may eventually lead to complete failure of the insulation system during operation. Recently it has been shown that monitoring such discharges formed under AC stress is feasible using Ultra High Frequency (UHF) measurement technique and that there is a reasonable correlation between the partial discharge magnitude and the amplitude of the UHF signal generated by partial discharges. However, the partial discharge activity under DC voltages is not fully understood. This paper describes a study using the UHF technique to improve our understanding of particle-induced partial discharge activity under DC voltages in mineral oil insulation. UHF signals generated due to conducting particle contamination in transformer oil under AC and DC voltages are compared and analyzed. A method for distinguishing particle discharges in regions of high or low electric field stress is proposed based on frequency-domain analysis of the measured UHF signal.     

Assessing the risk of failure due to particle contamination of GISusing the UHF technique

The ultra high frequency (UHF) technique has been used to study the partial discharges produced by free conducting particles in gas insulated substations (GIS) with a view to predicting the probability of particle-triggered breakdown. Statistical techniques have been developed to describe the motion of a single particle. It is possible to identify whether the particle is capable of crossing to the busbar, which is a necessary condition for particle-triggered breakdown. In addition, the technique can be used to assess the size of the particle, which is useful for making a qualitative assessment of the breakdown risk. The implications for the continuous discharge monitoring of GIS are discussed     

Calibrating the UHF technique of partial discharge detection usinga PD simulator

The paper describes a technique for simulating the presence of partial discharges in gas-insulated substation (GIS) equipment. The technique employs a pulse generator to inject current pulses through a suitable protrusion. The current pulses have similar temporal characteristics to those produced by an actual discharge event, with the added advantage that their magnitudes can be controlled accurately. Because the pulses are highly reproducible, they are ideally suited for investigating the UHF technique of partial discharge detection. The paper discusses the relationship between the magnitude of the UHF signal received by a coupler and the discharge magnitude. It also shows that the coupler signal is dependent on the protrusion length and on the spatial relationship between the protrusion and the coupler. The implications for practical discharge measurements in GIS also are discussed     

Partial discharge diagnostics for gas insulated substations

A defect such as a free metallic particle or stress-raising edge on an electrode could lead to breakdown in a gas insulated substation (GIS), but may be detected by the partial discharges it generates. Of the various detection means available, most success has been achieved with either acoustic transducers to detect sound waves from the discharge, or electrical couplers to pick up the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) signals generated inside the GIS chambers. All new GIS in the UK are fitted with internal couplers for UHF monitoring, and two examples of continuous monitoring schemes on 400 kV GIS at nuclear power stations are described. Further developments, which are already well advanced, include specifying and measuring the coupler characteristics, making use of expert systems to interpret the UHF discharge data, and extending the monitoring system to include the performance of circuit breakers and other equipment     

Optimisation of a sensor for onsite detection of partial discharges in power transformers by the UHF method

Among the different solutions which allow onsite Partial Discharge measurement in energized power transformers, the UHF technique is gaining general interest. In order to apply this method in existing transformers, it is considered advantageous to design a UHF sensor to be fitted inside the transformer tank. This paper describes the constraints affecting the development of such sensor and the process followed to optimize its design. During this process, different solutions for broadband UHF antennas were analysed. The selection was based on computer simulation and experimental results. Computer simulation was used to evaluate differences in radiation pattern, antenna impedance, gain and effective area. Measurements of the antenna response to different partial discharge sources in oil were performed using an oil dielectric breakdown test set in an electromagnetic shielded laboratory. A group of selected antennas were then tested in a power transformer simulating the broadband signals generated by partial discharges by injecting controlled voltage pulses in the transformer. Finally, a sensor based on a conical monopole antenna structure was built and attached to a specially designed housing to be fitted inside the transformer tank through the drain valve. This final prototype was benchmarked during a high voltage factory test of a power transformer which showed a significant partial discharge activity.     

超高频在线监测技术在GIS局部放电检测中的应用

鉴于超高频(UHF)法用于局部放电检测日渐增多,结合UHF用于广东电网变电站GIS局部放电检测案例,分析了UHF在线监测技术的优越性,并对PDM UHF局部放电在线监测系统的应用效果进行了试验研究。试验和实践表明,UHF在线监测技术能够提高变电站GIS局部放电的监测效果,具有很好的应用前景。提高监测灵敏度的关键在于选择合适的传感器安装位置。此外,对于全封闭的GIS设备UHF法宜结合超声波定位技术一起使用。     

变压器局部放电超高频检测方法的应用

阐述了电力变压器局部放电超高频检测方法的原理,分析了其抗干扰性能的优越性,并在变电站进行了实际应用。对测量数据进行了分析,结果表明,超高频方法可用于在线检测变压器局部放电,抗干扰性能好,测量结果能反映出变压器绝缘的真实状况。     

GIS电晕放电监测

采用特高频(UHF)电磁波测量、常规局部放电测试以及相位测试等方法分析模型 GIS中电晕放电特征,为判断电晕放电的强度提供了一种新的方法。通过常规局部放电测试与 UHF特高频局部放电测量结果对比,可估计UHF信号所对应的放电量。     

XLPE电缆及接头局部放电的超高频测量与分析

超高频的局部放电测量是目前国外电力设备绝缘检测研究的焦点问题之一。本文建立了一套超高频局部放电的测量系统，设计了XLPE电力电缆及其接头局部放电超高频测量的电容耦合传感器，分析了传感器的等效电路，测量了其频率响应，对电缆以及接头中的实际放电进行了测量分析。     

电缆接头局部放电电磁仿真与多传感器联合检测

目前对于已敷设的电力电缆的局部放电检测,单一的采用高频电流法或超高频法都易受到现场干扰信号的影响。因此,为提高检测的有效性和准确度,文中采用高频电流法和超高频法联合检测的方法,通过对比两种检测结果中是否同时存在脉冲信号来相互鉴别去除干扰信号。对于其中的超高频检测,为了克服内置式传感器在已投运电缆中无法应用的局限性,采用了外置式传感器。其使用时面临着信号辐射出来及在空气传播过程中强度会有较大衰减的情况,针对这一情况结合用于三相交叉互联的电缆中间接头的屏蔽层是断开的这一特征,进行了建模仿真,验证了采用外置式传感器的可行性,得到了信号最强的传感器最佳安装位置。最后利用研制的传感器进行了现场实测,验证了仿真结论,并证明了联合检测的方法能够很好的甄别干扰信号与真正的局部放电信号。     

变压器局部放电UHF信号传播特性的仿真分析

特高频(UHF)技术通过检测局部放电辐射电磁波信号来实现对设备局部放电的检测,抗干扰能力强,检测灵敏度高,是一种基于空间电磁场耦合的局部放电测试技术,能够实现真正意义上的局部放电在线检测,因此在变压器局部放电检测领域取得了日益广泛的关注及研究。由于变压器内部结构复杂,各种金属结构件都会对辐射电磁波的传播产生影响,因此变压器局部放电UHF检测技术有必要研究变压器内部电磁波的传播规律。为此在对变压器内部结构进行合理简化的基础上完成了变压器典型结构的计算机建模,以高斯电流元模拟局部放电源,合理设置各类仿真参数,利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对特高频电磁波在变压器内部的传播特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果给出辐射电磁波信号在铁心绕组之间的传播特点,铁心对电磁波传播造成的衰减和畸变作用,并通过时域及频域波形的对比给出不同脉宽、不同幅值电磁波信号在铁心绕组结构中传播的特点。     

油纸绝缘局部放电超高频检测方法的研究

针对传统的局部放电检测方法在线测量时易受外界干扰的问题,笔者在实验室建立了变压器中典型局部放电的模拟系统,并用超高频宽带和窄带测量系统对其测量,分析比较两种测量系统性能上的不同.经测量分析得出,超高频窄带检测方法对检测信号的中心频率和带宽可调,可以选择合适的频带来避开干扰测量,抗干扰能力很强;超高频宽带检测方法检测频带...     

High-voltage onsite commissioning tests for gas-insulated substations using UHF partial discharge detection

This paper describes the practical application of the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) detection method which VA TECH Reyrolle has routinely applied to high-voltage onsite commissioning tests on gas-insulated substations (GISs) for more than 10 yr. The location of the PD sensors has a significant effect on the sensitivity of the UHF method, and research has been undertaken to quantify the parameters which affect this (i.e., attenuation, GIS geometry, etc.). Verifying the correct operation of the detection system and its sensitivity is a crucial step to prepare for a high-voltage (HV) test. In order to do this, special test equipment has been developed to ensure that all of the cabling, connections, etc., attached to the detection equipment are correct and that the detection level of the couplers is confirmed. Finally, the paper discusses IEC 60517 (general guidelines for GIS HV testing), its most usual interpretation, and how the application of the UHF technique can transform this interpretation.     

基于声电联合的开关柜局部放电在线监测系统研究

针对高压开关柜局部放电的在线监测,分析了多种局部放电类型和局部放电的检测方法,主要研究了用于高压开关柜的超高频检测法和超声波检测法的实现方法,设计了一种声电联合在线监测系统。该系统使用峰值检测芯片代替传统的检波降频电路,增加了系统的可控性。系统采用FPGA芯片处理超高频信号和超声波信号,实时性好,响应速度快。结果表明,系统能够独立进行信号的采集和处理,准确地识别出放电类型,完成放电信号的在线监测和定位,保障了开关柜的运行安全。     

基于超高频法的典型GIS局部放电检测

GIS局部放电检测是GIS绝缘状态监测的一种科学有效的方法。笔者构建了GIS实验模型以及基于超高频法的局部放电在线检测系统,对GIS中典型的几种局部放电特征进行了研究,采用基于相位的分析模式详细分析了不同放电类型在不同电压条件下的放电特征,并结合常规局部放电测试仪,对UHF信号的放电量进行估计,为进一步进行放电类型的智能模式识别及研究超高频信号与放电量关系提供了试验依据,以提高UHF局部放电检测的工程实用性。     

振荡冲击电压下典型绝缘模型局部放电解析(英文)

The aim of this paper was to give an overview on partial discharges under oscillating impulse voltage.Three models(void in solid,needle-plate in air and oil) were presented,which describe the stochastic discharge process and represent internal discharges in solids and corona in air or silicon oil.Moreover,an air cored Rogowski coil and a sampling resistor for partial discharge(PD) measurement were developed and introduced in this paper.PD inception and extinction voltages(PDIV,PDEV) under single oscillating impulse voltage and AC voltage were investigated with different test samples.Experimental results firstly revealed that the PD inception voltage(PDIV) decreased with increasing applied voltage;secondly the PD inception voltage for three different insulating materials,showed an escalating trend with increasing frequency of the applied voltage.It was proven that the characteristics of PD under oscillating impulse voltage were identical to the features under AC voltage,which could be measured with the phase resolved partial discharge analysis(PRPDA) technique.Based on the reorganization and analysis of PDs under oscillating impulse voltage,the information about insulation defects was extracted from the measured data and used for estimating the risk of insulation failure of the equipment.     

利用局部放电评价GIS典型缺陷危险性的研究

采用脉冲电流法测量局部放电PRPD谱图,4054示波器获取局部放电信号的脉冲波形,研究了针板缺陷不同间隙距离下局放的起始电压、击穿电压和放电量;针板缺陷从发生局部放电到击穿整个过程PRPD谱图、放电脉冲的变化情况。研究结果表明,间隙距离越小,针板间隙发生局部放电后越危险;局部放电从产生到击穿可分为3个阶段,即放电起始阶段、放电发展阶段和邻近击穿阶段,以上结果为利用局部放电判断GIS运行状态提供了有效的判据。     

Prebreakdown phenomena in mineral oil under step and ac voltage inlarge-gap divergent fields

This paper presents an experimental study of the propagation of prebreakdown phenomena in transformer oil, in large point-plane gaps (5 to 20 cm), in positive polarity under step and ac voltages. The prebreakdown phenomena are characterized via the simultaneous recordings of transient currents, charges, photocurrents, and high-speed photographs of the emitted light. In these experimental conditions, prebreakdown phenomena in oil are basically composed of weakly luminous branched filaments, most of the time not connected to the point electrode, and propagating continuously. Bright luminous fast discharges reilluminate periodically the main branch of the propagating discharge from the point electrode to the extremity of these weakly luminous filaments. Below the breakdown voltage, streamers stop at an average length which increases linearly with the voltage. Above a critical length, they cannot stop any more and lead to breakdown. The main propagation velocity remains constant throughout the propagation. These observations, which present a number of similarities with leader phenomena in gases, are then discussed