色噪声下估计信源数的方法及性能分析

分析了雷达谱估计信号源数的方法.在高频地波雷达中,当各阵元噪声功率非平稳时,提出了一种基于盖氏圆半径和Kullback对称散度的信号源数目估计方法.通过实验证明,该方法能够有效解决在小快拍数、阵元噪声功率不相等情况下信号源数目估计的问题,实现色噪声环境下信源数的估计.     

对角加载对信号源数检测性能的改善

对角加载技术可抑制小特征值对自适应权值的影响来加速自适应波束形成器的收敛性以及抑制导向矢量误差的影响避免信号相消,该技术通常用于稳健的波束形成算法.基于对角加载技术,本文提出了一种信号源数目判定的改进方法,通过对角加载数据协方差阵,可以平滑小快拍数和空间色噪声时的噪声特征值分散程度从而减轻其对信号源数目估计的影响,证明了该估计器的强一致性,分析了加载量对信号源数目估计的影响.最后通过仿真以及实测数据比较了本文方法和已有方法的性能,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

宽带信号源数目和DOA快速估计

宽带信号源数目估计与其波达方向（DOA）估计是紧密相连的。文章综合考虑信号源数目和DOA估计,从减少算法的运算量出发,提出了一种新的宽带信号源数目和DOA快速估计方法。该方法首先利用多级维纳滤波器（MSWF）算法来估计信号子空间,避免了特征分解方法估计信号子空间所需要的大运算量;然后基于信号子空间的旋转不变性,提出了一种新的宽带信号源数目估计快速算法;最后利用信号子空间的旋转不变性来估计DOA,避免了谱峰搜索所需要的大运算量。计算机仿真试验验证了此方法的有效性。     

高斯色噪声背景下的单通道信源数目估计算法

目前信源数目估计算法大都是基于多通道接收模型且对高斯色噪声抑制能力较差,而实际应用中单通道接收模型及色噪声环境非常普遍,因此研究色噪声背景下的单通道信源数目估计算法意义重大。针对现有算法的缺陷提出了一种基于构建信号时间快拍和四阶累积量矩阵的单通道信源数目估计算法。首先通过构建信号时间快拍实现单通道接收信号的升维得到矢量化空间,然后以此组信号空间构造出四阶累积量矩阵,并从理论上验证了该四阶累积量矩阵能有效抑制高斯白噪声及高斯色噪声的影响,最后对该矩阵进行奇异值分解并通过信息论准则估计出信源个数。仿真实验和实际信号实验都表明本文算法能较好地解决单通道信源数目估计问题,且能有效抑制高斯色噪声。      

一种新的宽带信号源数目快速估计方法

信号源数目估计是波达方向(DOA)估计的基础.基于两个子阵接收数据的信号子空间的旋转不变性,利用Lanczos方法来求解多级维纳滤波器的匹配滤波器组,即子阵的信号子空间,本文提出了一种新的宽带信号源数目快速估计方法.该方法不需要计算协方差矩阵或对其进行特征值分解,避免了特征值分解的大运算量.最后通过计算机仿真验证了本文方法的有效性和优越性.     

基于累积量的互耦误差下相干信号DOA估计

在高斯色噪声和阵列互耦误差背景下,针对相干信号源和非相干信号源并存的问题,提出了一种准确估计信号源到达角(DOA)的算法。首先,采用辅助阵元法将互耦误差从阵列流形中分离;然后结合空间平滑技术和四阶累积量构建平滑矩阵,实现对高斯噪声的抑制和对信号的解相干;最后使用ESPRIT算法获得信号源的来波方向。仿真结果表明,文中算法有效解决了阵列互耦和信源相干的影响,在高斯白噪声和高斯色噪声环境下均能精确地估计DOA。     

利用矩阵滤波技术估计信号二维波达方向

现有的基于子空间的波达方向估计算法都要求不相关信号源的数目小于阵元数目,但当信号源数目很多时,算法失效.为此,提出了一种具有过载估计能力的二维波达方向估计方法,先利用矩阵滤波技术接收数据进行预处理,使信号子空间限定在一个较小的区域内,把区域外的信号抑制掉,从而减小了有效的信号源数目,然后可以采用现有算法进一步估计二维波达方向.矩阵滤波器的设计过程也可以归结为一个最小二乘问题,效率很高.计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计算法

提出一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信号源DOA估计算法。首先对各个阵元的接收数据与参考阵元（第一个阵元）的接收数据的相关函数进行排列,形成Hermitian Toeplitz矩阵,然后通过奇异值分解可以得到信号子空间和噪声子空间,从而实现相干信源的DOA估计。该算法在不减少阵列有效孔径的情况下,增加了可估计相干信号源数目,并在低信噪比条件下能够得到较好的估计性能,计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

一种基于直线特征的信源个数估计新算法

在空间谱估计技术中,估计信号源个数是一个关键问题,其漏警或虚警会直接影响到测向算法的准确度.然而现有的信号源估计方法在低信噪比、色噪声环境下估计成功概率低且运算复杂,针对该缺点,文中提出一种基于直线特征的信源个数估计新算法.在低信噪比、色噪声环境下通过计算机仿真表明了该算法的正确性和有效性.     

一种针对色噪声相干源的源数目估计方法

提出一种联合MDL法和特征值校正相结合的源数目估计方法。利用联合MDL法即最大似然的角度参数估计和MDL检测方法迭代处理估计相干源数目,并对噪声特征值进行校正使色噪声引起的特征值发散程度大大减小,从而有效检测空间色噪声下相干信号源的数目,且性能优于已有的算法。其有效性由大量的计算机仿真结果得到了验证。     

An auto-calibration method for spatially and temporally correlated noncircular sources in unknown noise fields

Angularly dependent gain and phase uncertainties are produced by the combined effects of multiple sensor errors. This paper proposes a direction-finding method for noncircular signals in the presence of angularly dependent gain/phase errors, which utilizes instrumental sensors to achieve auto-calibration and relies on an improved alternating projection procedure. By applying the principle of the extended 2-sided instrumental variable signal subspace fitting algorithm, the proposed method is effective for separating spatially and temporally correlated noncircular sources from the unknown colored (i.e., spatially correlated) noise. Considering that modeling errors of instrumental sensors are frequently encountered in practice, this paper also presents a theoretical derivation for the closed-form expression of the mean square error of the estimation under the influence of modeling errors of instrumental sensors in the first-order analysis. Finally, the results of two series of simulations are demonstrated. The first series of simulations verifies the effectiveness of the proposed auto-calibration method, and shows that noncircularity and temporal correlation of sources are informative for enhancing the calibration performance of our method. The results also prove that the proposed method performs better than the instrumental sensor method when applied to spatially and temporally correlated noncircular sources. Moreover, this performance advantage of our method is more prominent when signal-to-noise ratio is low, or in spatially correlated noise fields. The second series of simulations validates the theoretical prediction, and thus our statistical analysis has a high predictive value for calibration performance of the proposed method under the influence of modeling errors.     

非均匀噪声背景下混合信号DOA估计算法

针对非均匀噪声背景下非相关信源与相干信源并存时波达方向(DOA)估计问题，提出了基于迭代最小二乘和空间差分平滑的混合信号DOA估计算法。首先，该算法利用迭代最小二乘方法得到噪声协方差矩阵估计，然后对数据协方差矩阵进行“去噪”处理，利用子空间旋转不变技术实现非相关信源DOA估计；其次，基于空间差分法消除非相关信号并构造新矩阵进行前后向空间平滑，利用求根MUSIC算法估计相干信源DOA。相比于传统算法，该算法能估计更多的信源数，在低信噪比情况下DOA估计性能更优越。仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。      

Identification of Continuous-Time Systems Using Instrumental Variables with Application to an Industrial Robot

A new method of constructing instrumental variables for identification is introduced. Its usefulness in the identification of continuous-time systems is investigated. The technique is then applied for modeling the arm of an industrial robot used for welding purposes. Results showed that the proposed method of using instrumental variables is computationally simple and at the same time gives better performance in the presence of measurement noise as compared to existing methods.     

A new fuzzy color correlated impulse noise reduction method.

A new impulse noise reduction method for color images is presented. Color images that are corrupted with impulse noise are generally filtered by applying a grayscale algorithm on each color component separately or using a vector-based approach where each pixel is considered as a single vector. The first approach causes artefacts especially on edge and texture pixels. Vector-based methods were successfully introduced to overcome this problem. Nevertheless, they tend to cluster the noise and to receive a lower noise reduction performance. In this paper, we discuss an alternative technique which gives a good noise reduction performance while much less artefacts are introduced. The main difference between the proposed method and other classical noise reduction methods is that the color information is taken into account to develop (1) a better impulse noise detection method and (2) a noise reduction method that filters only the corrupted pixels while preserving the color and the edge sharpness. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides a significant improvement on other existing filters.     

Array processing in correlated noise fields based on instrumentalvariables and subspace fitting

Accurate signal parameter estimation from sensor array data is a problem which has received much attention in the last decade. A number of parametric estimation techniques have been proposed in the literature. In general, these methods require knowledge of the sensor-to-sensor correlation of the noise, which constitutes a significant drawback. This difficulty can be overcome only by introducing alternative assumptions that enable separating the signals from the noise. In some applications, the raw sensor outputs can be preprocessed so that the emitter signals are temporally correlated with correlation length longer than that of the noise. An instrumental variable (IV) approach can then be used for estimating the signal parameters without knowledge of the spatial color of the noise. A computationally simple IV approach has recently been proposed by the authors. Herein, a refined technique that can give significantly better performance is derived. A statistical analysis of the parameter estimates is performed, enabling optimal selection of certain user-specified quantities. A lower bound on the attainable error variance is also presented. The proposed optimal IV method is shown to attain the bound if the signals have a quasideterministic character     

非高斯噪声下数字调制信号识别方法

针对传统数字调制识别方法在非高斯Alpha稳定分布噪声下识别性能差的问题,该文提出一种基于广义分数阶傅里叶变换和分数低阶Wigner-Ville分布的数字调制识别新方法。该方法提取广义分数阶傅里叶变换的零中心归一化瞬时幅度谱密度的最大值和分数低阶Wigner-Ville分布幅度的最大值作为识别特征参数,并采用判决树分类器,实现了非高斯噪声下数字调制信号识别。仿真结果表明,在非高斯Alpha稳定分布噪声下,该识别方法不仅性能明显优于传统方法并且具有较高的识别率和良好的稳健性。     

Instrumental variable approach to array processing in spatiallycorrelated noise fields

High-performance signal parameter estimation from sensor array data is a problem which has received much attention. A number of so-called eigenvector (EV) techniques such as MUSIC, ESPRIT, WSF, and MODE have been proposed in the literature. The EV techniques for array processing require knowledge of the spatial noise correlation matrix that constitutes a significant drawback. A novel instrumental variable (IV) approach to the sensor array problem is proposed. The IV technique relies on the same basic geometric properties as the EV methods to obtain parameter estimates. However, by exploiting the temporal correlation of the source signals, no knowledge of the spatial noise covariance is required. The asymptotic properties of the IV estimator are examined and an optimal IV method is derived. Computer simulations are presented to study the properties of the IV estimators in samples of practical length. The proposed algorithm is also shown to perform better than MUSIC on a full-scale passive sonar experiment     

功能性近红外光谱脑成像噪声源及去噪方法综述

综述了功能性近红外光谱脑成像噪声源及去噪方法。从成像原理、噪声来源和发生机制等方面分析并给出了抑制噪声的方法和操作,详细分析了干扰的组成成分及特性,给出了有效去除方法和提高近红外光谱脑成像分析建模过程中的信号质量算法。这些方法能对近红外光谱脑成像数据的分析和处理提供指导。总结了3种会影响近红外光谱脑成像信号的噪声源：电气噪声、实验设计和操作误差、生理伪影,给出了2种实用去噪算法,并阐述了成像技术的发展趋势。     

噪声干扰环境下抑制EMD模态混叠方法

经验模态分解(EMD)作为时频分析的经典算法,已经得到广泛的应用。然而,其分解质量容易受到噪声等干扰的影响,产生模态混叠问题。本文针对经验模态分解中因噪声存在的模态混叠问题,提出一种自适应的预处理方法。首先对输入信号进行B样条最小二乘拟合,消除了噪声的影响后,再进行EMD分解。为提高算法的自适应性,提出了一种基于极值点出现时刻的节点选取方法。对线性信号与非线性信号的仿真实验表明该方法有较高的分解精度;与聚合经验模态分解方法(EEMD)的分析对比结果表明该方法能很好地抑制噪声引起的模态混叠。      

Region-based current-source reconstruction for the inverse EEG problem

This paper presents a new method for the reconstruction of current sources for the electroencephalography (EEG) inverse problem, which produces reconstructed sources, which are confined to a few anatomical regions. The method is based on a partition of the gray matter into a set of regions, and in the construction of a simple linear model for the potential produced by feasible source configurations inside each one of these regions. The proposed method computes the solution in two stages: in the first one, a subset of active regions is found so that the combined potentials produced by sources inside them approximate the measured potential data. In the second stage, a detailed reconstruction of the current sources inside each active region is performed. Experimental results with synthetic data are presented, which show that the proposed scheme is fast, computationally efficient and robust to noise, producing results that are competitive with other published methods, especially when the current sources are effectively distributed in few anatomical regions. The proposed method is also validated with real data from an experiment with visual evoked potentials.