不同添加物对改善即食河粉汤汁浑浊度的效果

通过添加食品胶、无机盐、淀粉到即食河粉中,探讨对即食河粉汤汁浑浊度的影响.结果表明:褐藻酸钠对即食河粉汤汁浑浊效果较理想,添加量为0.2%;无机盐中以明矾的效果最好,添加量为0.2%;添加20%以上的绿豆淀粉或马铃薯淀粉对改善即食河粉混汤品质才有较明显的效果.     

芡粉与芡糊

芡粉,俗称“淀粉”、“生粉”,品种繁多,包括有:绿豆粉、豌豆粉、蚕豆粉、马蹄粉、菱粉、藕粉、小麦粉、玉米粉、百合粉、葛粉、首乌粉、蕨粉以及薯、芋类的马铃薯粉、木薯粉、山芋粉等。其中绿豆粉、马蹄粉、菱粉、马铃薯粉因支链淀粉含量高,所以质量较好,粉色洁白,晶莹有光泽,质地细腻     

三种天然植物淀粉辅料对米粉丝品质特性的影响

以天然绿豆淀粉、玉米淀粉及马铃薯淀粉3种天然植物淀粉为原料,探讨其作为辅料添加对米粉丝蒸煮品质和质构特性的影响。结果表明,添加适量的绿豆淀粉、玉米淀粉或马铃薯淀粉可显著提高米粉丝的烹煮品质及质构特性。绿豆淀粉添加量在0.5~1.5%时加工的米粉丝具有较高的烹煮品质,其添加量在1%时可以显著提高米粉丝的质构特性;玉米淀粉的添加量为6%时米粉丝的烹煮品质较佳,其添加量在4~6%时可显著提高米粉丝的质构特性;马铃薯淀粉的添加量为2%时,米粉丝具有最高的烹煮品质,其添加量在2~3%时可使米粉丝的质构特性显著提高。综合考虑,当绿豆淀粉、玉米淀粉或马铃薯淀粉的添加量分别达到1%、6%和2%时能够显著改善米粉丝的蒸煮和质构品质特性。     

不同添加物对改善即食河粉汤汁浑浊度的效果

通过添加食品胶、无机盐、泻粉到即食河粉中,探讨对即食河粉汤汁浑浊度的影响。结果表明：褐藻酸钠对即食河粉汤汁浑浊度效果较理想,添加量为０．２％;无机盐中以明矾的效果最好,添加量为０．２％;添加２０％以上的绿豆泻粉或马铃薯泻粉对改善即食河粉汤品质才有较明显的效果。     

芋头淀粉与其他淀粉物理特性比较研究

对不同产地的芋头淀粉糊的物理性质与玉米、木薯、马铃薯、小麦淀粉进行了比较研究.结果表明:芋头淀粉糊的性质劣于马铃薯和木薯,与玉米和小麦淀粉性质相似,而奉化芋头、芋子淀粉明显优于其它芋头淀粉.     

常用淀粉对甘薯食品膨化质量的协同作用研究

纯甘薯制品膨化质量差，适量添加淀粉可显著提高膨化度、改善产品质构。本文以常用的高温膨化方式，考察了马铃薯、木薯、甘薯及玉米淀粉对甘薯制品膨化度和感官质量的协同作用。结果表明，以鲜甘薯质量为基准计的最佳工艺配方为：马铃薯淀粉20％、木薯淀粉5％、玉米淀粉10％。淀粉对甘薯膨化食品的影响显著性顺序为，马铃薯淀粉＞木薯淀粉＞玉米淀粉。其中马铃薯淀粉的影响极显著，而木薯、玉米淀粉的影响相对不显著。     

不同种类淀粉对鱼丸品质的影响

以鱼丸的凝胶强度、感官评价和耐折度为评价指标,分别考察了玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉对鱼丸品质的影响。试验结果表明:当玉米淀粉的最佳添加量为10%,或马铃薯淀粉的添加量为14%时,鱼丸品质最佳。当淀粉添加量在8%～10%之间时,玉米淀粉对鱼丸品质的影响高于马铃薯淀粉;当淀粉添加量大于10%后,马铃薯淀粉对鱼丸品质的影响高于玉米淀粉。     

复合变性淀粉提高鸡胸肉保水率的研究

报道了利用复合变性淀粉提高鸡胸肉保水率的研究。通过单因素实验，分别研究了磷酸酯玉米淀粉、磷酸酯木薯淀粉、交联马铃薯淀粉、交联木薯淀粉、醋酸酯玉米淀粉添加量对胸肉的吸水率和失水率的影响。根据单因素实验结果，进行了正交实验，验证得出最优配方为磷酸酯玉米淀粉为0．4％，磷酸酯木薯淀粉为0．8％，交联马铃薯淀粉为0．5％，交联木薯淀粉为0．6％及醋酸酯玉米淀粉为0．06％。经过验证实验所得到的吸水率和失水率的数据分别为7．9％和13．8％。     

高淀粉含量对鱼肉重组制品弹性和白度的影响

为研究小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉对鱼肉重组制品弹性和白度的影响.以小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉的添加量为因素.弹性为考察指标做单因素和正交试验,得出试验工艺条件为小麦淀粉20%、玉米淀粉16%、马铃薯淀粉18%.与传统的15%淀粉添加量进行对照试验.结果表明,以上淀粉添加量的鱼肉重组制品在白度和弹性上都比传统的鱼肉重组制品高.     

马铃薯淀粉对鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响

将马铃薯淀粉(不同添加量0％、1％、2％、3％和4％)添加到鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白中,通过测定肌原纤维蛋白的浊度、乳化性、凝胶的硬度、弹性、保水性、白度值等指标,较为系统地研究了马铃薯淀粉对鲤鱼肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响.结果表明:在温度一定时,淀粉-蛋白复合物的浊度随着马铃薯淀粉添加量的增大而升高;在马铃薯淀粉添加量一定时,淀粉-蛋白复合物的浊度随着温度的升高而升高.随着马铃薯淀粉添加量的增加,乳化活力和乳化稳定性呈先上升后下降后又有所增加的趋势,在马铃薯淀粉添加量为2％和1％时乳化活性和乳化稳定性分别达到最大值25.66m2/g,90.67％.当温度相同时,淀粉-蛋白复合凝胶的硬度和弹性值随着马铃薯淀粉添加量的增大而升高,在80℃条件下,添加了4％淀粉的样品与对照组相比硬度和弹性分别提高了65.85％,20.85％,且效果显著(p＜0.05),而随着马铃薯淀粉添加量的增加,凝胶持水性增大(p＜0.05),最大增加了18.75％,但凝胶的白度值呈现下降趋势.因此添加马铃薯淀粉可以有效改善肌原纤维蛋白的功能特性.     

蕉藕淀粉与薯类淀粉特性对比研究

为探索蕉藕淀粉应用范围,选取木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉等薯类淀粉为对照,对蕉藕淀粉与常见薯类淀粉的组成、吸水(油)率、溶解度、膨胀度、透明度、凝沉性、凝胶强度、冻融稳定性及黏度等特性进行了对比分析。结果显示:蕉藕淀粉与常见薯类淀粉特性相比除吸水性差异不显著外,吸油率、溶解度、膨胀度、透明度、凝沉性、凝胶强度、冻融稳定性及黏度变化均存在显著差异,可利用蕉藕淀粉直链淀粉含量高、透明度好、凝胶强度高等特性,开发新型淀粉食品和增稠稳定剂。     

Glycerol-enhancing heat-moisture treatment of A-type rice and cassava starches and B-type potato and canna starches

Effects of glycerol on the heat-moisture treatment (HMT) of A-type rice and cassava starches and B-type potato and canna starches were investigated. Starch samples were soaked in water or glycerol solution, adjusted to 25% moisture, and then subjected to HMT at 100 °C for 1, 6, and 16 h. Pasting profiles of all four starches plasticised with water clearly showed the B-type potato and canna starches were more susceptible to HMT than the A-type rice and cassava starches. The effect of HMT on the pasting properties of glycerol-plasticised samples was inconclusive; the B-type canna and A-type cassava starches were altered, but not the B-type potato and A-type rice starches, which remained comparable to the water-plasticised samples. Thus, the type of plasticiser as well as the environment surrounding the crystalline region, which is specific to each starch type, also affect the alteration of starch during HMT.     

Physicochemical,Pasting, Thermal and Morphological Characteristics of Indian Water Chestnut (Trapa natans) Starch

Starch extracted from Indian water chestnut was investigated for its physicochemical characteristics. The results were compared with those obtained from two commercial starches (corn and potato). The pasting properties were tested in the Rapid Visco Analyser and thermal properties with a differential scanning calorimeter. Water chestnut starch possessed higher breakdown viscosity (BV) and setback viscosity (SV) than corn and potato starches. However, the pasting temperature of water chestnut starch was not significantly different from that of corn starch. Lower ΔH_gel values were obtained for water chestnut starch than for the other two starches whereas the onset, peak and conclusion temperatures of gelatinization (T_o, T_p and T_c) for water chestnut starch were quite comparable with corn starch. Scanning electron micrographs showed similarity in starch granule shape between water chestnut and potato starch with corn starch showing surface wrinkles on starch granule surfaces.     

马蹄淀粉微波间歇干燥工艺研究

以马蹄为原料,采用微波间歇方式对马蹄淀粉进行干燥试验,考察其对马蹄淀粉的含水率、白度、酸度、碘蓝值及综合品质的影响,并采用正交试验优化干燥工艺。结果表明,马蹄淀粉微波间歇干燥最佳工艺条件为:微波功率210 W,装载量1.47kg/m2,加热时间14 min,间歇时间0.75min。在最佳工艺条件下,微波间歇干燥后马蹄淀粉含水率为10.12%,白度为97.5%,酸度为0.21 mL,碘蓝值为17.90。经微波间歇干燥后含水率达到淀粉安全含水率的标准,白度得到小幅提高,酸度下降,碘蓝值上升,综合品质得到提高。     

天然淀粉的超高压糊化压力研究

在悬浮液浓度为5%(w/v),温度为(20±2)℃时,对8种不同淀粉进行高压处理5 min使淀粉发生糊化,采用X射线衍射测试技术得到了各种淀粉完全糊化的压力:小麦淀粉和木薯淀粉约为500 MPa,玉米淀粉、荸荠淀粉、糯小麦淀粉和糯米淀粉均为550 MPa,糯玉米淀粉约为650 MPa,马铃薯淀粉为750 MPa.     

Desorption Isotherms and Net Isosteric Heat of Chestnut Flour and Starch

The desorption isotherms of chestnut flour and chestnut starch were determined at different temperatures (20°C, 35°C, 50°C, and 65°C) using gravimetric method. Desorption isotherms of potato starch were also determined in order to establish a comparison against desorption isotherms of chestnut starch. Several saturated salt solutions were selected to generate different water activities in the range of 0.09 to 0.91. Obtained desorption isotherms were of type II, according to Brunauer’s classification. Three-parameter Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) models satisfactorily fitted the experimental data for all systems studies, although the last one can be considered better based on obtained statistical parameters and because it is applicable in a broader water activity range. The average monolayer moisture content (kilograms per kilogram d.b.) calculated by GAB model was 0.059 ± 0.007 for chestnut flour, 0.103 ± 0.021 for chestnut starch, and 0.060 ± 0.028 for potato starch. The net isosteric sorption heat, calculated by means of Clausius–Clapeyron equation, decreased when moisture content increased. The maximum values of net isosteric sorption heat (kilojoules per mole) were approximately 27.5 for chestnut flour, 16.0 for chestnut starch, and 33.0 for potato starch in the range of temperature from 20°C to 50°C.     

洪泽湖野生红莲子、芡实、菱角中淀粉的理化性质研究

以洪泽湖野生的红莲子、芡实、菱角为原料,采用浸泡法制备3种淀粉,并对3种淀粉的颗粒形貌、大小、结晶结构、热学性质、溶解度、膨胀度、糊化特性、分子大小与分布进行研究。结果表明:野生莲子、芡实和菱角淀粉体积平均粒径分别为11.77,2.15,25.76μm,且颗粒大小均匀。3种淀粉均为A型结晶构型,莲子、芡实和菱角淀粉的晶体度分别为27.1%,23.7%,25.7%。糊化峰值温度分别为76.04,72.37,75.88℃,糊化焓值分别为8.46,5.58,4.63J/g。3种淀粉糊的冻融稳定性较差,易形成局部的微晶束,易凝沉、易回生,均不适合应用于冷冻食品;3种淀粉糊的透明度介于马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉之间;3种淀粉的热糊稳定性较好,适用于高温食品的生产。     

含水量对湿热处理荸荠淀粉性质的影响

为有效开发利用荸荠淀粉,以荸荠淀粉为原料,将荸荠淀粉的含水量分别调节为20%、25%、30%、35%,利用鼓风干燥烘干箱在105℃下湿热处理2 h,研究湿热处理对荸荠淀粉糊化特性、流变特性、溶解度与膨胀度的影响。结果表明:随着湿热处理淀粉含水量的增大,淀粉糊峰值黏度和衰减值均有所降低;谷值黏度有所升高,淀粉颗粒的溶解度和膨胀度均有一定程度的下降;剪切稀化现象减弱;损耗角正切值越来越小,荸荠淀粉在湿热处理后所形成的凝胶为弱凝胶。     

新型保健食品——土豆面包的研制

研究了用土豆淀粉生产面包的较佳原料配比方案,分析了土豆淀粉对面包品质和面团品质的影响规律。结果表明,以土豆淀粉为主生产土豆面包是可行的,其生产用原料的较佳配比为:土豆淀粉60%、谷朊粉18%、小麦面粉22%。土豆淀粉的添加比例与面包的体积显著负相关;当添加比例小于50%时,随着土豆淀粉的添加比例的增大,面包的其它表观性状均有不同程度的好转。土豆淀粉的加入对面团品质影响较大:随着土豆淀粉比例的增大,评价值增大,吸水率下降,软化度先升后降。当土豆淀粉添加比例达90%时,不能形成面团。     

The effect of freeze–thaw cycles on microstructure and physicochemical properties of four starch gels

The effect of repeated freeze–thaw (FT) cycles (up to seven) on microstructure, thermal and textural properties of four starch gels from various botanical origins (gingko, Chinese water chestnut, potato and rice) was investigated and compared by scanning electronic microscope, differential scanning calorimetry and texture analyzer. The chemical composition and molecular structure of four starches were also examined. The Chinese water chestnut, potato and rice starch gels formed a honey-comb structure after 7 FT cycles, while gingko starch gel exhibited lamellar structure. The 7 FT cycles decreased the transition temperatures and enthalpies of four starches in comparison with each native starch, and the retrogradation percentage followed the order: rice > gingko > Chinese water chestnut > potato. The 7 FT cycles increased the hardness of all the evaluated starch gels and decreased springiness and cohesiveness. Results showed that the molecular structure of starches caused notable differences to the microstructure and textural properties of starch gels. The higher amount of longer branch chain (degree of polymerization (DP) > 18) might benefit the formation of the lamellar structure of gingko starch. The percentage of branch chains (DP 18–23) was negatively related with the springiness and cohesiveness of native starch gels, while the percentage of medium chains (DP 12–17) was positively related to the springiness of starch gels after 7 FT cycles.