共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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本文研究了用硅胶取样空气中氚化水蒸气的简便方法。提出两个估算空气中氚化水蒸气浓度的公式,一个不包括取样效率,适用于快速取样或直接暴露取样,另一个不包括相对湿度,适于对结果要求更加准确的场合。 相似文献
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空气中氚的存在形态主要是氚化水蒸气(HTO)、氚气(HT)和氚化甲烷(CH3T)。空气中的氚含量很低,测定通常采用累积取样和液闪谱仪测量相结合的方法。本文综述了空气中不同形态氚的取样方法的研究进展,对不同取样方法进行了比较分析,总结了不同取样方法存在的问题和不足,为空气中氚的取样方法研究提供参考。 相似文献
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氚废气的回收技术研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用了高温催化氧化法处理含氚废气。处理过程如下:在干燥氩气(含少量H2)的载带下,含氚废气通过高温催化氧化床转化为氚水,然后用蒸馏水或合适的干燥剂吸收。在400℃,氧化床穿透之前,Hopcalite氧化剂对H2的氧化效率接近100%;在500℃,Hopcalite氧化床对HT的氧化效率大于99%。实验测定了回收氚的分子筛在存放过程中,不同规格分子筛的氚释放系数以及存放条件与释放系数的关系。结果表明,3种分子筛在吸收氚水后的氚释放系数为(1.9~5.5)×10-6d-1·g-1。其中,4A钠型分子筛的氚释放系数最小,5A钙型分子筛的氚释放系数最大;3种分子筛在吸收氚水后释放的氚的化学形式绝大部分是氚化水(HTO),氚气(HT)含量不超过1.2%;含氚分子筛的贮存气氛对氚的再释放有一定影响,在纯氩气中氚释放系数比在含2%氢的氩气中的低。 相似文献
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氚总排量监测方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了一种监测工号氚总排放量的方法,重点介绍为此测量研制的整机式两路同时取样的催化—鼓泡收集空气氚累积取样器。该取样器用经表面特殊防氚处理的铝制多孔乙二醇鼓泡器收集气流中的HTO;专门设计加工的高热效率催化炉和运行自控装置,使它可自动连续一周取样。经三级鼓泡收集对空气氚的取样回收率,0.2m~3小体积取样为98.79%;5m~3大体积取样为92.8%。测量方法灵敏度达到51Bq/m~3。 相似文献
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1前言酒泉原子能联合企业氚处理车间经烟囱向外环境排放废气中的氚浓度,过去一直使用FJ-357低能β气体监测仪进行连续监测。由于该监测系统的探测器为体积3L的流气式差分电离室,探测下限7.4×101Bq/L,远高于在正常情况下烟囱排放废气中的氚水平,因... 相似文献
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被动式氚取样器性能的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了核设施工作场所和环境空气中氚化水蒸气HTO的监测,被动式氚取样器在国外已经得到非常广泛的应用,所研制的被动式氚取样器,特别适用于7-30d的长期取样,给出该取样周期内空气中HTO浓度的平均值。 相似文献
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大米样品的总氚(TT)与其组织自由水氚(TFWT)具有非常显著的相关性,其线性回归方程为TT=1.0671+1.3605TFWT。该方程的应用为大米样品总氚测定提供了一个简便的方法。 相似文献
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在增殖剂离线产氚实验中,如何准确实时测量回路中氚浓度和形态(HTO/HT)对于掌握产氚增殖剂氚释放行为,改进增殖剂的产氚性能非常重要。针对离线产氚回路中载气流量小、回路中气体量小以及载气为Ar等特点,基于流气式电离室原理研制了一套数字化氚浓度在线测量系统。该系统中电离室灵敏体积为50 mL,数字化仪表可自控获取、处理及显示回路中的氚浓度。测试结果表明,在Ar气氛下,在35 V左右,电离室即进入饱和区;该系统探测下限可达3.7×10 7 Bq/m 3,能满足离线产氚实验中氚在线监测的要求。 相似文献
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Activities regarding tritium safety technology in the Tritium Process Laboratory (TPL) at Tokai Establishment of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute are reviewed. Research and development of a new tritium removal system is being carried out by using a gas separation membrane which enable to make the ITER atmosphere detritiation system more compact and cost-effective. Techniques of gas flowing calorimetry and laser Raman spectroscopy are applied to develop new tritium accountancy methods. Studies of tritium-material interaction, such as plasma material interactions, radiochemical reaction of tritium in gas phase, radiolysis of tritiated water, and waste processing are being carried out under ITER/EDA and U.S.-Japan collaboration. Tritium release experiments for research of tritium behavior in confinements and environment and demonstration of safety related components are planned. 相似文献
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本文通过大量的实验,对所购买的Carbolite生物氚碳燃烧装置进行了局部改良,优化了环境生物有机氚分析方法的设置条件。优化后,样品的生成水回收率可达到80%以上,Carbolite生物氚碳燃烧装置氧化燃烧更充分,制样过程更安全;相同环境样品不同实验人员的测量结果相对偏差小于30%。结果表明,本文的分析方法具有重现性。 相似文献
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The Tritium Process Laboratory of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute is the only laboratory in Japan where grams of tritium can be handled to carry out R&D on tritium processing and tritium safety handling technologies for fusion reactors. The tritium inventory is approximately 13 grams. Since 1988, basic research has been performed using gram-level tritium quantities. During the past 5 years, approximately 1 kilogram of tritium has been handled in experimental apparatus. The total amount of tritium released through the stack of TPL was controlled to less than 1 Ci without any accidents. In order to establish more complete tritium safety for DT fusion reactors, main R&D areas on tritium safety technology at TPL were focused on a new compact tritium confinement system, reliable tritium accounting and inventory control, new tritium waste treatments, and tritium release behavior into a room. 相似文献
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为了考察氚污染金属干法去污的去污效率,对氚污染不锈钢、铜和铝进行了紫外线、臭氧、加热及联合(紫外线、臭氧与加热)去污实验研究。研究结果表明:紫外线单独照射去污效率较差,加热可明显提高去污效率,500 ℃联合172 nm的紫外线去污4 h对不锈钢表面氚去污率可达99.2%;臭氧对铜有较好的去污效率,臭氧与加热(500 ℃)的组合对不锈钢、铝、铜的去污率均高于99.2%;高温(500 ℃)较低温(300 ℃)去污效率高;氚去污后金属放置30 d表面氚有所增加,主要是氚的扩散和渗透所致;氚污染不锈钢存在4种氚吸附态。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(12):972-974
A computational method based on boundary element method (BEM) has been developed to analyze transient temperature distribution in a three-dimensional solid having non-linear boundary condition (for example boiling or thermal radiation). To obtain high numerical accuracy, the heat transfer coefficient which depends on the surface temperature was approximated as a linear combination of interpolation functions with respect to time and analytical time integration of the non-linear term included in boundary integral equation was made. To investigate feasibility of the present method, it was applied to calculations of the temperature distribution in an infinite flat plate cooled on one side. The heat transfer co-efficient of cooling surface was in proportion to n-th power of the surface temperature. Results are (1) the method has given a stable solution for non-linear boundary value problems such as conventional BEM could not solve, (2) it has given an accurate solution for large time increment except for first time step, and (3) an optimal relaxation factor decreases with strength of non-linearity of the heat transfer coefficient. Applying the method to thermal analysis of limiter and divertor plate installed in a fusion test facility and fusion reactor respectively, availability of the method has been confirmed. 相似文献
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工艺气体中高浓度氚的在线测量要求探测器具有体积小、密封性好、稳定性高等特点。针对该需求,本工作基于氚β射线诱发X射线谱测量方法(BIXS)建立了高浓度氚在线测量实验系统,采用PENELOPE程序建立了理论计算模型,对系统中5个关键参数进行了设计优化,搭建了1.77 mL小体积BIXS实验系统,使用含氚的氢氩混合气体对实验系统进行了响应能谱测量,并对获得的BIXS能谱谱形进行了初步分析。实验结果表明,对于含氚的氢氩混合气体,BIXS系统重复测量结果显示全谱计数率偏差<0.8%,Ar的Kα峰计数率偏差<1.3%,Au的Mα峰偏差<3.8%,整体稳定性较好;不同压强下BIXS实验系统测量结果显示,BIXS能谱总计数率、Ar的Kα峰强度以及轫致辐射谱强度随压强增加呈线性上升趋势,但Au的Mα峰强度在该气氛下几乎不随氚的分压改变。 相似文献