氢氧化镁自组装高效阻燃棉织物的制备及性能研究

采用静电层层自组装(LBL)技术在棉织物表面构筑了氢氧化镁/六偏磷酸钠(MH/PSP)阻燃层。利用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对自组装阻燃棉织物形貌、结构进行了表征;采用热重分析仪、锥形量热仪、垂直燃烧仪对棉织物的阻燃性能、残炭性能进行了分析和测试。结果表明:采用LBL技术制备的阻燃织物,氢氧化镁均匀包覆在织物纤维表面,自组装4层的阻燃织物极限氧指数达到32.5%,峰值热释放速率和总热释放量分别为74.11kW/m~2和0.52MJ/m~2,与纯棉织物相比分别降低77%和92.4%,达到了良好的自熄效果。     

不同pH条件下再生纤维表面的CPAM/CMC静电逐层自组装

利用静电逐层自组装技术,在再生纤维表面沉积了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）/羧甲基纤维素（CMC）复合膜。研究了不同pH条件下CPAM/CMC在再生纤维表面的静电吸附规律。采用FT-IR、SEM和Zeta电位测试对再生纤维表面的聚电解质多层膜进行表征,而再生纤维力学性能用纸页的裂断长和耐破指数来评价。研究表明,CPAM/...     

离子交换可逆调控棉纤织物表面超疏油性能

采用自组装聚电解质多层膜和离子交换法调控基体表面的疏油性能。在光滑的玻璃表面上可以控制十六烷的接触角在69°和4°之间变化。在棉纤织物上,当聚电解质多层膜吸附全氟辛酸根离子时,织物表面是超疏水和超疏油的,与水的接触角达到154°,与十六烷的接触角高达150°。当全氟辛酸根离子被十二烷基硫酸根离子替代后,水的接触角没有明显的变化,在152°左右,而十六烷却能完全浸润表面,接触角为0°。通过全氟辛酸根离子和十二烷基硫酸根离子的交换,织物表面可以在超疏油和超亲油之间可逆转换,这对于拓展超疏油表面的应用都具有重要的意义。     

聚电解质的制备与应用研究进展

文中综述了聚电解质的合成及应用研究进展,探讨了聚电解质制备过程中的影响因素。此外还着重介绍了聚电解质-表面活性剂复合物、层层自组装膜、聚电解质微纳胶囊在药物缓释以及聚电解质在改善纳米材料的制备及性能方面上的应用研究进展。如何开发特定结构的聚电解质,利用聚电解质对外界环境的刺激实现对聚电解质形态结构的实时和有效控制是聚电解质科研领域研究的重点方向。     

膨胀阻燃多层膜改性苎麻织物/苯并噁嗪树脂层压板的制备及性能

为提高苎麻织物作为复合材料增强体时的阻燃性能,首先,采用层层组装法在苎麻织物表面构筑了氨基化多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）-聚磷酸铵（APP）与聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）-APP膨胀阻燃多层膜;然后,将改性后的苎麻织物与苯并噁嗪树脂复合制备了苎麻织物/苯并噁嗪树脂层压板,并研究了层压板的热降解行为、阻燃性能与力学性能。结果表明:与纯苎麻织物/苯并噁嗪树脂层压板相比,含MWCNT-APP与PEI-APP膨胀阻燃多层膜的层压板热释放速率峰值由106.6 W·g-1降低至53.4 W·g-1和53.0 W·g-1,总热释放量由12.3 kJ·g-1降低至7.6 kJ·g-1和9.0 kJ·g-1,极限氧指数由23.5提高至27.2和27.0,UL94级别由无级别提高至V-0和V-1级,弯曲强度由81 MPa提高至122 MPa和143 MPa,弯曲断裂伸长率由1.2%提高至1.4%和1.7%,拉伸性能也得到了一定的改善。所得结论表明使用MWCNT-APP与PEI-APP膨胀阻燃多层膜可在提高层压板阻燃性能的同时,改善其力学性能。      

(壳聚糖-聚磷酸铵)/剑麻纤维素微晶层层自组装复合材料的热性能和阻燃性能

采用层层自组装法（LBL）,在剑麻纤维素微晶（SFCM）表面交替吸附壳聚糖（CH）和聚磷酸铵（APP）构筑CH-APP阻燃涂层,成功制备（CH-APP）_n/SFCM阻燃复合材料。通过Zeta电位分析仪、FTIR、TGA、POM、垂直燃烧法（VFT）、SEM手段对复合材料的结构和性能进行表征。FTIR、Zeta电位结果表明,CH和APP在SFCM表面电位正负交替变化,CH-APP涂层成功包覆在SFCM表面; POM和SEM结果显示,组装后（CH-APP）_n/SFCM复合材料表面变得粗糙,其表面包覆了一层较厚涂层; TGA结果表明,随着吸附CH-APP组装层数的增加,（CH-APP）_n/SFCM复合材料的初始分解温度（T_5%）由279.4℃降低至243.1℃,残炭率由11.24%提高至32.06%; VFT测试结果表明,随着组装层数的增加,（CH-APP）_n/SFCM复合材料阻燃性能明显提高,组装10层的（CH-APP）₁₀/SFCM复合材料甚至可以达到离火自熄的程度。      

静电自组装膜研究进展

由静电自组装技术来制备功能型薄膜是发展迅速的新研究领域。本文着重阐述了静电自组装聚电解质-聚电解质复合膜、静电自组装聚电解质-无机纳米粒子复合膜、静电自组装聚合物-半导体纳米粒子复合膜、静电自组装其他多层膜体系制备方法和特点,展望了静电自组装在渗透分离膜、基因传输、传感器系统、光伏设备等领域的应用前景。     

基于LBL技术组装的渗透汽化聚电解质复合膜

综述了近年来采用层层静电吸附(LBL)技术组装的聚离子复合物渗透汽化膜的研究进展.对支撑体荷电处理方法进行了分类,讨论了聚离子派对、选择原则及自组装条件,并就LBL技术组装聚电解质复合物的一些发展动向提出了建议.     

聚电解质/陶瓷复合膜的制备及超滤性能

采用阳离子聚电解质聚丙烯氯化铵(PAH)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),阴离子聚电解质聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)、聚乙烯磺酸钾(PVS),通过静电自组装技术在多孔陶瓷支撑体上制备了聚电解质分离层,并对不同条件下所制备的复合膜超滤性能进行研究.膜表面的SEM表征显示,自组装过程在支撑体表面及孔道内同时发生,并且随组装层数的增加,聚电解质层在支撑体表面的沉积状态逐渐改善.对复合膜在葡聚糖溶液中的超滤研究表明,随着组装层数,组装时间和电荷密度的增加,膜的截留率随之增加;制膜溶液的pH在两种带相反电荷聚电解质材料电离平衡常数(pKα)之间选择时,膜的截留率有最佳值.     

PSS-PDADMAC改性PES微滤膜及膜抗污染性能研究

通过层层(LBL)自组装技术对聚醚砜(PES)微滤膜进行改性.以29.2g/L NaCl做为支撑电解质,在膜表面修饰一层聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDADMAC)/聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)聚电解质膜.通过电位仪、水接触角分析仪、SEM、AFM、过滤评价装置等方法对膜进行测定分析.改性后膜的最外层为PSS,膜表面负电性增加,为-35.02mV,水接触角值降低,由未改性膜的59.86°降低到37.99°;膜的表面形貌表征显示,改性后的微滤膜,表面更加平整,孔径尺寸分布更加均一;在过滤0.02g/L腐殖酸时,试验120 min后,未改性膜的通量下降为39.4%,而改性后的膜通量下降为15.5%,膜的抗污染性提高.     

黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料的阻燃改性

应用两种水性磷系阻燃剂——磷酸铵类阻燃剂(DAG-50)和磷酸酯类阻燃剂(DAG-80)及其复配阻燃剂对天然黄麻纤维进行阻燃改性,并与皮芯结构聚酯纤维制备成黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料,通过燃烧测试、SEM、红外、热失重、热失重-红外联用等技术分析了此两种阻燃剂及复配阻燃剂对黄麻纤维及其黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料的阻燃效果及阻燃机制,并筛选出适合黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料产业化的阻燃改性配方。结果表明,阻燃剂DAG-50阻燃改性效果良好,但容易析出于黄麻纤维表面。阻燃剂DAG-80能较为均匀地包覆在黄麻纤维表面,阻燃改性效果好,但其价格较高。DAG-50与DAG-80形成的复配阻燃剂,阻燃效果好,既避免了单独使用DAG-50时阻燃剂易析出问题,且复配阻燃剂接近中性,避免设备腐蚀。综合考虑成本与阻燃性能,使用DAG-50与DAG-80复配阻燃剂比例为2∶1且浓度为55wt%时,可达到黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维复合材料B1级阻燃。     

Study on sound absorption property of ramie fiber reinforced poly(l-lactic acid) composites: Morphology and properties

The effect of ramie fiber, flame retardant and plasticizer on sound absorption property of ramie fiber reinforced PLLA composites was investigated. We used press molding process to prepare the ramie fiber/PLLA composites, with short ramie fiber and ramie plain weave fabric as the reinforcement. The dispersivity of flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was indirectly tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result of sound absorption property measurement shows that the composites with short ramie fiber have better sound absorption property than the ramie fabric reinforced PLLA composites. And the addition of APP and plasticizer poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) improves the sound absorption property of ramie fabric/PLLA composites. Moreover, morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrate the micro-phase separation in the PBAT/PLLA composites and the porosity of the single ramie fiber bundle. The results suggest that these special structures are the main reason for the better sound absorption property.     

Oriented immobilization of immunoglobulin G onto the cuvette surface of the resonant mirror biosensor through layer-by-layer assembly of multilayer films

A new method for oriented immobilization of immunoglobulin G (IgG) onto the cuvette surface of the resonant mirror biosensor through layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of multilayer films composed of avidin/gold nanoparticles (GNp)/protein A/IgG was developed. First, avidin was added in the biotin cuvette, and then injected GNp, followed by the injection of protein A for oriented immobilization of IgG. The rinsing with PBS was applied at the end of each assembly deposition for dissociating the weak adsorption. Second, IgG was added in the protein A-coated cuvette, and regenerated by incubation with 0.1 M glycine–HCL buffer. Third, different concentrations of IgG were measured by repeating the second process. Film assembling and properties of the interaction between protein A and IgG were studied by resonant mirror biosensor and electrochemical measurements. Results confirmed that IgG was successfully oriented on the protein A-coated cuvette surface by LBL assembly of multilayer films. The interaction response was dose-dependent which showed a linear range of 0.1 – 1.6 g L^− 1 IgG, with a detection limit of 8.7 mg L^− 1 estimated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Moreover, the assay for oriented immobilization of IgG exhibited a good reproducibility and a favorable reusability. This method can provide a promising platform for fabricating immunoassay and immunosensor systems, protein reactors or protein-modified substrates, and affinity probes.     

Nanostructured thin films made by dewetting method of layer-by-layer assembly

Layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly is one of the most ubiquitous coating techniques today. It also offers a pathway for multifunctional/multicomponent materials with molecular-scale control of stratified structures. However, technological applications of LBL are impeded by laborious and fluid-demanding nature of the process. While vertical organization of LBL films is natural for this technique, the control of lateral organization of the films is fairly difficult. Using the deposition of carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and other nanoscale colloids, we introduce here a new approach to LBL based on dewetting phenomena, d-LBL. Its strengths include: (1) elimination of rinsing steps, (2) significant acceleration of the process, (3) improvement of lateral organization of LBL films, and (4) ability to produce nanostructured coatings from colloids when classical LBL fails. The generality of d-LBL can compete with traditional LBL and is demonstrated for cellulose nanowires, polyelectrolyte pairs, and semiconductor nanoparticles, metal oxides, and Au nanorods.     

磷-氮阻燃水性聚氨酯在涤丝纺上的阻燃研究

为了提高织物的阻燃性能,采用磷-氮阻燃水性聚氨酯（PU）整理涤丝纺织物,用TG、DSC和氧指数仪等研究整理后织物的热稳定性和阻燃性能,并利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对织物燃烧后的炭层进行分析.实验结果表明：与未阻燃整理织物相比,织物用PU整理后降低了起始分解温度,提高了高温下的热稳定性,分解温度范围变宽.阻燃整理织物的极限氧指...     

阻燃型木塑复合材料热解燃烧特性及产物研究

以改性天然碳水化合物结合碱式硫酸镁晶须(MHSH)混杂纤维为协效剂,结合膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)制备了阻燃型聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)木纤维复合材料。利用极限氧指数和垂直燃烧测试研究了复合材料的阻燃性能,并采用TG/DTA-MS对复合材料的热解过程、吸放热量和热解燃烧气体产物进行了分析。结果表明,5%的木薯渣作为碳源代替PBS提高了材料的阻燃性能。IFR/木薯渣/MHSH阻燃剂能够有效提高PBS的燃烧初始温度,并缩小燃烧温度范围。阻燃材料燃烧时,首先是IFR受热分解产生不可燃气体氨气在材料表层形成第一层阻燃保护层;其次,材料迅速燃烧产生的炭层形成第二层阻燃保护层;最后,在高温段MHSH分解形成第三层协效阻燃保护层。因此,最终形成了由外层不可燃气体氨气和内层天然碳水化合物MHSH膨胀炭层构成的气-固阻燃屏障,从而有效地提高了复合材料的阻燃性能。     

Flame retardance and thermal stability of wool fabric treated by boron containing silica sols

In order to improve flame retardance and thermal stability of wool fabric, a series of boron doped silica sols were prepared from a tetraethyl silicate inorganic precursor and applied to wool fabric as a flame retardant finish through the sol–gel process. Boric acid, zinc borate and ammonium borate were used as flame retardant additives. The effect of the boron containing flame retardant doped sol coatings on flammability, combustion behavior and thermal property of treated wool fabric was investigated via limited oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical burning test, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, micro-calorimeter combustion (MCC) and smoke density test. It was found that the coatings on wool fabric acted as a heat insulation barrier, increasing the carbon residue and slowing down the spread of flame when burning, thus improving the flame retardance and thermal stability of the treated fabric. Meanwhile, the smoke density result indicated that the NH₄HB₄O₇ doped silica sol treated fabric had good smoke suppression property. Furthermore, the result of mechanical properties showed that there was no damage on tensile strength and air permeation of treated wool fabric.