高能球磨法制备ZrB2-Al2O3复合粉体

以金属Al粉(w(Al)=99%,粒度≤45μm)、ZrO2粉(w(ZrO2)=99%,粒度≤3.5μm)和B2O3粉(w(B2O3)=98%,粒度≤5μm)为原料,按n(Al)∶n(ZrO2)∶n(B2O3)=10∶3∶3混合后装入高能球磨罐中,在氩气保护条件下以560r.min-1的转速球磨2h后,取样进行XRD和SEM分析。结果表明:采用金属Al粉、ZrO2和B2O3为原料,在2h的较短时间内经高能球磨合成ZrB2-Al2O3复合粉体,其合成机理为机械碰撞诱发的自蔓延反应;所得到的复合粉体中,ZrB2为微米级,Al2O3为纳米级。     

不同碳酸盐机械合金化法制备尖晶石-碳复合粉体

采用粒度≤74μm、w(MgCO3)=98.84%的工业纯菱镁矿,粒度<74μm、w(MgO)为40.0%～44.5%的分析纯碱式碳酸镁Mg(OH)2.4MgCO3.5H2O,以及粒度≤74μm、w(Al)≥99.9%的金属铝粉为原料,按照n(MgCO3)∶n(Al)=3∶4和n[Mg(OH)2.4MgCO3.5H2O]∶n(Al)=3∶28分别配料,采用机械合金化法,在室温条件下,以240 r.min-1的转速分别研磨15、30、50 h制得尖晶石-碳复合粉体。采用XRD分析、差热-热重分析和拉曼光谱等手段对复合粉体进行表征。结果表明:经过15～50 h的研磨后,两个反应体系中碳酸盐与金属铝粉之间发生原位分解和还原反应,都生成了尖晶石和碳;产物碳具有一定的石墨化程度,并与研磨时间密切相关;菱镁矿与金属铝粉之间生成尖晶石和碳的反应比碱式碳酸镁的快。     

以丙烯腈改性淀粉为分散剂的阳离子苯丙乳液的研制

以丙烯腈改性淀粉为分散剂,采用自由基聚合法在淀粉分子链上接枝苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DM)和丙烯酰胺(AM)等共聚单体,合成出一种新型的阳离子型淀粉接枝苯丙乳液施胶剂。探讨了K2S2O8/NaHSO3氧化还原型引发剂、共聚单体等对施胶剂施胶效果的影响。结果表明:当w(DM)=2%、w(AM)=0.3%、m(改性淀粉)∶m(单体)=1.0∶1.5、m(St)∶m(BA)=2.3∶1.0、引发剂中m(K2S2O8)∶m(NaHSO3)=1.0∶1.0且氧化剂w(K2S2O8)=0.10%时,施胶剂的施胶效果最佳,并且优于传统苯丙乳液施胶剂。     

Gemini双酯硫酸钠在废报纸脱墨中的应用

利用新型阴离子Gem in i表面活性剂双酯硫酸钠(G)与非离子表面活性剂(B1)复配,采用洗涤法对废报纸进行脱墨研究。得到优化的工艺条件为:m(G)∶m(B1)=1.5∶1,w(脱墨剂)=0.3%,w(NaOH)=1%,w(Na2S iO3)=2%,w(EDTA)=0.2%,w(H2O2)=1%,时间30m in,温度50℃(w均为相对于绝干废纸质量)。并与浮选法脱墨效果进行比较,结果表明,阴离子Gem in i表面活性剂作为脱墨剂具有良好的性能。     

NaA/MCM-41微介复合分子筛的合成与表征

按n(SiO2)∶n(Na2O)∶n(Al2O3)∶n(H2O)=1∶1.5∶0.5∶100加料,在90℃下水热晶化3 h合成NaA微孔分子筛,再按n(SiO2)∶n(NaOH)∶n(CTAB)∶n(H2O)=1∶0.3∶0.3∶90依次添加到NaA微孔分子筛中,于110℃下水热晶化24 h合成NaA/MCM-41微介复合分子筛,并采用XRD、SEM(EDS)和TEM等方法对其进行了表征。吸附阳离子红X-5GN模拟染料废水结果表明,在50 mLρ(阳离子红X-5GN)=20 mg/L的水溶液中,NaA/MCM-41微介复合分子筛的投加量为0.6 g/L、pH=6、振荡时间为60 min时,脱色率可达到96.4%,比NaA分子筛和MCM-41介孔分子筛独自吸附脱色效果要好。     

马来酸酐改性蓖麻油制备耐光性聚氨酯复鞣剂——乳液性能研究

用马来酸酐改性蓖麻油(MCO)合成了一系列不同组成的耐光性聚氨酯复鞣剂水乳液(MC-PUR),研究了复鞣剂中—COOH质量分数、n(NCO)/n(OH)、m(MCO)/m(PEG1000)对乳液电导率、黏度、临界聚沉值(CC.C)、耐酸稳定性的影响。结果表明,随—COOH质量分数从3%增大到7%,电导率从1 556μs/cm增大到3 435μs/cm,黏度先从168 mPa.s增大到224 mPa.s,后又降低到85 mPa.s,当w(—COOH)=5%时,黏度达到最大值;随n(NCO)/n(OH)从0.5增大到0.9,电导率从2 943μs/cm降到2 464μs/cm,黏度从428 m Pa.s降到224 mPa.s;随m(MCO)∶m(PEG1000)从1∶1增大到3∶0,黏度从224 mPa.s降到67 mPa.s;CC.C随—COOH质量分数增加和m(MCO)/m(PEG1000)增大而降低;耐酸稳定性结果证明,当w(—COOH)=3%~5%,m(MCO)∶m(PEG1000)=1∶1,n(NCO)/n(OH)=0.5~0.9时,MC-PUR适用于皮革复鞣工序。     

丙烯酸酯接枝改性环氧树脂乳液的合成与性能研究

以BA(丙烯酸丁酯)为软单体、St(苯乙烯)为硬单体、EP(环氧树脂)为基体、APS(过硫酸铵)为引发剂和三乙烯四胺为固化剂,采用乳液聚合法合成了丙烯酸酯接枝改性EP乳液。研究结果表明:当反应温度为80℃、m(BA)∶m(St)=1∶1、n(环氧基)∶n(氨基)=1∶1、w(引发剂)=0.8%、w(乳化剂)=4%和w(EP)=25%(均相对于单体总质量而言)时,合成的丙烯酸酯改性EP乳液具有良好的综合性能,其稳定性及涂膜强度均满足应用要求。     

氢氧化铝对有机硅电子灌封胶性能的影响

以端乙烯基硅油为基胶、含氢硅油为交联剂、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)为表面处理剂、Al(OH)3或Al(OH)3/铂络合物为阻燃剂,制备阻燃型有机硅电子灌封胶。研究结果表明:对Al(OH)3表面进行处理、降低其粒径、增加其含量、Al(OH)3/铂络合物并用等均有利于提升灌封胶的阻燃性能;当w(KH-570)=0.5%[相对于Al(OH)3质量而言]、Al(OH)3的平均粒径为2.6μm、m(5.0μmAl2O3):m[2.6μm Al(OH)3]=160:40和w(铂络合物)=0.002%(相对于基胶质量而言)时,可制得阻燃性优异的有机硅电子灌封胶。     

影响AlPO-14磷酸铝分子筛合成的因素研究

以异丙胺为模板剂合成Al PO-14分子筛,研究了不同铝源、模板剂、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素对Al PO-14分子筛合成的影响。结果表明:以拟薄水铝石为铝源原料、磷酸为磷源、异丙胺为有机模板剂,在n(Al2O3)∶n(P2O5)∶n(C3H9N)∶n(H2O)=1∶1∶1∶50,晶化温度200℃,晶化时间72 h的条件下,得到的Al PO-14分子筛晶粒均匀,形状规则。     

低硫可膨胀石墨的制备

采用乙酸酐为插入剂,H2O2和K2Cr2O7为氧化剂制备低硫可膨胀石墨。最佳实验条件:m(石墨)∶m(乙酸酐)∶m(浓硫酸)∶m(H2O2)∶m(K2Cr2O7)=1∶1 4∶0 5∶0 12∶0 12;反应时间为1h;反应温度为45℃。制备出的可膨胀石墨膨胀后体积达到280mL/g,含硫量w(S)=0 11%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。