移动Ad Hoc网络中基于NACK的可靠多播协议

如何采用有效的机制来保证多播数据的可靠传输是移动Ad Hoc网络中的一个难题.针对IEEE 802.11 MAC层进行改进,提出了一种基于使用NACK消息的可靠多播协议,该协议仅当数据分组传输出错时才发送NACK消息要求重传数据.仿真结果表明使用该协议能提高多播路由传输数据的吞吐量,同时降低了平均时延.     

基于MAODV的移动多播路由协议的改进与仿真

移动Ad hoc网络是指由一组带有无线收发装置的移动节点组成的一个多跳的、不需要固定中心接入点或者基站支持的自治系统。对移动Ad hoc网络多播路由中的MAODV协议进行理论分析,提出了一种使用转接机制改进MAODV协议的方法,该改进协议使用新的NACK抑制机制来防止NACK风暴,减少了移动Ad hoc网络中大量的路由重构和数据分组的重传。采用OPNET软件进行仿真,仿真结果证明了该改进协议在Ad hoc网络中的可行性和有效性。     

基于随机网络编码的odmrp协议研究

ODMRP协议是基于mesh网络的Ad hoc多播路由协议,可提供较好的性能,但在路由过程中需在网络中进行洪泛,这极大的降低了网络的性能。本文首先分析了ODMRP的机制,指出其有待改进的地方。之后采用随即网络编码对ODMRP协议进行改进,提出了基于网络编码的NC-ODMRP协议。     

一种基于ODMRP的按需式分簇多播路由协议

ODMRP协议是无线自组网环境下的一种按需式多播路由协议。提出了一种对该协议的改进,即ODC-ODMRP路由协议。协议继承了ODMRP协议对拓扑频繁变化的良好适应性,并采用按需式分簇机制（ODC）,有效减少了泛洪带来的控制开销,提高了网络的路由效率。实验结果表明,该算法具有路由收敛速度快、泛洪效率高、控制开销小等特点。     

基于主动网络的可靠多播路由协议

主动网络是一种允许用户对网络中间节点进行编程的新型网络结构,该文在多播网络系统模型基础上,探讨了主动网络可靠多播协议的特点和多播路由问题,提出了一个基于主动网络的可靠多播路由协议模型,该协议较好地减少了网络中大量的路由重构和分组的重传,缩短了错误发现和恢复时间。最后,利用仿真实验作了相关计算,给出了RMRPA协议的性能分析及与不可靠多播协议的比较。研究结果表明RMRPA协议为多媒体多播传输提供了一种新的有效途径。     

移动Ad Hoc网络的可靠多播路由协议

在移动Ad Hoc网络环境中，分组的重传和路由的重构比有线网络更频繁。在网络多播树变化的情况下提供高的分组传输率是移动Ad Hoc网络多播路由的主要难题。文中提出了一种基于协议转接概念的移动Ad Hoc网络的可靠多播路由协议(RMRP)，该协议较好地减少了移动Ad Hoc网络中大量的路由重构和数据分组的重传。仿真实验显示RMRP具有较高的传输率和较低的端到端分组延迟。     

移动多跳自组网多播路由协议的比较与分析

移动自组网在军用和紧急救援等特殊环境的应用前景非常广阔，其中的多播路由技术面临很迫切的挑战。文章介绍了当前的一些移动自组网的多播路由协议，将其分类比较，并详细介绍了比较优秀的按需多播路由协议（ODMRP）。最后探讨了泛洪在多播路由中的应用，以及多播路由的发展和面临的问题。     

基于Dominant Pruning算法的ODMRP协议研究

ODMRP是一种基于mesh网络的adhoc多播路由协议,可提供较好的性能。先简单分析了ODMRP的机制,指出其可待改进的地方,并使用DP(Dominant Pruning)算法对其进行了改进,提出了基于DP算法的DP-ODMRP协议。     

一种基于ODMRP的源节点分簇多播路由协议

ODMRP协议是无线自组网环境下的一种按需式多播路由协议。提出了一种对该协议的改进,即SC-ODMRP路由协议.协议继承了ODMRP协议对拓扑频繁变化的良好适应性,并采用基于多播源节点分簇机制（Source-based Clustering,SC）,大大减少了泛洪带来的控制开销,有效地提高了网络的路由效率。实验结果表明,该算法具有路由收敛速度快、泛洪效率高、控制开销小等特点。     

一种具有QoS约束的多播路由协议

针对多播廊用中路由协议的Qos保障问题,基于多播路由协议ODMRP(On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol)提出了一种新的具有QoS约束的路出协议ODMRP-QoS.首党定义了一个依赖于带宽、时延、节点能量三个QoS性能指标的路山函数,作为最佳路由选择的依据,函数数值的最大值路径为最佳路由,以此保证所选路径满足用户的Qos需求,同时说明了函数参数的计算方法及约束条件;然后给出了ODMRP-QoS路由建立、维护和更新的技术实现方案.网络仿真结果表明:ODMRP-QoS协议性能明显优于原ODMRP协议,达到了保证多播应用QoS的效果.     

基于ODMRP的链路状态预测组播路由算法

ODMRP协议是无线自组网环境下的一种按需式组播路由协议。论文提出了一种基于链路状态预测的ODMRP协议改进,即LSF-ODMRP路由协议。该协议继承了ODMRP协议的按需式路由发现和更新,并采用了链路状态预测机制LSF(Link Status Forecasting),大大减少了路由失效数并缩短了分组投递延迟,提高了网络性能。通过对LSF-ODMRP协议的模拟仿真实验比较,验证了协议的改进效果。     

E-ODMRP: Enhanced ODMRP with motion adaptive refresh

On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) is a multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. Its efficiency, simplicity, and robustness to mobility render it one of the most widely used MANET multicast protocols. At the heart of the ODMRP’s robustness is the periodic route refreshing. ODMRP rebuilds the data forwarding “mesh” on a fixed interval and thus the route refresh interval is a key parameter that has critical impact on the network performance. If the route refresh rate is too high, the network will undergo too much routing overhead, wasting valuable resources. If it is too low, ODMRP cannot keep up with network dynamics, resulting in packet losses due to route breakages. In this paper, we present an enhancement of ODMRP with the refresh rate dynamically adapted to the environment. Simulation results show that the Enhanced ODMRP (E-ODMRP) reduces the packet overhead by up to a half yet keeping a packet delivery ratio comparable to that of the original ODMRP. E-ODMRP compares favorably with other published multicast schemes.     

ODMRP组播协议的改进算法及其仿真

ODMRP组播协议非常适合于带宽限制大、移动性强和节点能量受限的Adhoe网络。为了进一步提高该协议的性能,该文设计出一种改进方案。该方案首次提出“假死”状态的概念,将其应用于原协议中,以提高路由的有效性。文中,原协议和改进方案的仿真算法在仿真工具GloMoSim中实现,同时仿真结果显示该算法比原协议在数据分发率和网络有效性等性能有很大改善。所以,该改进方案有效地提高了ODMRP协议的性能,使之更加适用于Adhoe网络。     

基于位图索引的无线传感器网络可靠传输协议

根据无线传感器网络中大量上行数据流实时传输的需求,提出一种基于位图索引的可靠传输协议(BRDT)。该协议使用迭代方式完成一组大量数据的传输。每次迭代的上行数据流采用无重传传输以减少延迟,并采用可靠后项传输传送带有错误标识的位图索引以恢复丢失数据。在已有低功耗无线图像传感器网络Z-EYE系统中实现并进行验证,结果表明,与RMST协议相比,BRDT对下层的服务需求少,在网络质量较差的情况下,BRDT的性能明显优于NACK重传方法,在同等测试条件下,BRDT的传输效率优于PSFQ协议。     

Neighbor supported reliable multipath multicast routing in MANETs

The limited battery power, unpredictable mobility and large variation of received signal strength in nodes of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) create link and node vulnerability and instability. Multicast routing in MANETs for group communication requires the establishment of reliable links between neighboring nodes called as reliability pair beginning from the source and extending such reliability pairs enroute to the destination. We propose a scheme for Multipath Multicast Routing in MANETs using reliable Neighbor Selection (MMRNS) mechanism. A mesh of multipath routes are established from source to multicast destinations using neighbors that have high reliability pair factor. MMRNS operates in the following phases. (1) Computation of reliability pair factor based on node power level, received differential signal strength between the nodes and mobility. (2) Pruning neighbor nodes that have reliability pair factor smaller than a threshold. (3) Discovery of multipath multicast mesh routes with the help of request and reply packets. (4) Multipath priority assignment based on minimum value of reliability pair factor of a path and information transfer from source to the multicast destinations and (5) route maintenance against link/node failures. The scheme is simulated to evaluate the performance parameters like packet delivery ratio, memory overhead, message overhead, control overhead and packet delays in comparison to the mesh based multicast routing protocols such as On-demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) and Enhanced ODMRP (EODMRP). MMRNS performs better than ODMRP and EODMRP as observed from the simulation results.     

基于梯度阈值和时延的定向扩散路由协议

针对定向扩散(DD)路由协议节点能量开销较大的问题,提出一种改进的DD路由协议,用于对探测分组的洪泛扩散进行分布式优化。通过定义梯度阈值限制源节点及每个转发节点的扩散广度,利用设定路径时延参数的方式控制扩散深度。仿真结果表明,改进协议能减少建立梯度时的数据信息包数量,提高节点能量利用率。     

Link stability based multicast routing scheme in MANET

The group-oriented services are one of the primary application classes that are addressed by Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in recent years. To support such services, multicast routing is used. Thus, there is a need to design stable and reliable multicast routing protocols for MANETs to ensure better packet delivery ratio, lower delays and reduced overheads. In this paper, we propose a mesh based multicast routing scheme that finds stable multicast path from source to receivers. The multicast mesh is constructed by using route request and route reply packets with the help of multicast routing information cache and link stability database maintained at every node. The stable paths are found based on selection of stable forwarding nodes that have high stability of link connectivity. The link stability is computed by using the parameters such as received power, distance between neighboring nodes and the link quality that is assessed using bit errors in a packet. The proposed scheme is simulated over a large number of MANET nodes with wide range of mobility and the performance is evaluated. Performance of the proposed scheme is compared with two well known mesh-based multicast routing protocols, i.e., on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP) and enhanced on-demand multicast routing protocol (EODMRP). It is observed that the proposed scheme produces better packet delivery ratio, reduced packet delay and reduced overheads (such as control, memory, computation, and message overheads).     

Internet视频点播差错控制

针对Internet传输方式和视频点播应用的特点，提出一种基于ARQ的差错控制机制，该差错控制机制包括失序差错检测，NACK差错通告，选择重传，缓冲区管理和请求队列管理几个部分，具有差错反应迅速，允许多次请求重传，状态信息和控制信息少的特点，通过缓冲区管理和请求队列管理，避免了无交的重传请求和重传数据包，进一步降低主机和网络资源需求，接收者驱动的ARQ差错控制机制不需要修改现有网络协议，容易实现，实验证明，Internet视频点播差错控制机制在保证视频信息实时性要求的前提下，能有效降低视频数据包在Internet传输中的包丢失率，从而改善视频回放质量。     

可变核心的Ad hoc组播路由协议

针对Ad hoc网络中信源节点增加时ODMRP按需组播路由协议会产生大量的控制开销,提出了一种优化的基于可变核心算法的组播路由协议VCMP(variable core multicast route protocol).该协议的核心不必事先固定,而是能根据当前的网络拓扑和组成员关系进行变化,利用核心的帮助,能解决ODMRP环境中所会出现的控制开销问题,使整个网络中的控制包大大的减少.仿真结果表明VCMP确实有更好的性能.