云计算和多维QoS环境中基于蚁群优化算法在虚拟机资源负载均衡问题中的研究

针对云计算环境中虚拟机资源负载均衡问题,并为实现云计算下虚拟机资源负载均衡高效调度以满足用户的QoS需求,提出了一种基于多维QoS实现负载均衡的虚拟机资源调度方法。首先,在云计算环境下建立多维QoS网络环境的数学模型;然后,提出一种基于蚁群算法的优化算法,用于实现云计算环境中虚拟机资源高效调度;最后,在云仿真平台CloudSim上进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,相对于其他资源调度算法,所提算法能高效解决云计算下虚拟机资源调度问题,减少虚拟机资源负载均衡离差,具有更好的性能,能完全满足云计算下和多维QoS环境下虚拟机资源负载均衡的需求。     

混合云中的一个高效协调器

云计算提供了4种部署模型:公有云、私有云、社区云和混合云.通常,一个私有云中可用的资源是有限的,因此云用户不得不从公有云租用资源.这意味着云用户将会产生额外的费用.越来越多的企业选择混合云来部署它们的应用.在混合云中,为了实现用户的利益最大化,必须满足使用资源的费用最小化和用户的QoS,为此为混合云用户提供了一个既能最小化资源费用又能保证满足QoS的资源分配方法.实验结果表明,该算法在保持低操作成本的同时还满足了用户的QoS.     

一种多QoS目标约束的云计算任务调度策略

针对云计算环境下大量用户任务请求各异的服务质量（Quality of Service, QoS）调度目标要求,通过综合考虑云用户任务的截止时间底线、调度预算等QoS目标约束条件以及各类可用资源的性能参数,对任务调度的多QoS目标约束条件进行形式化建模,基于构造的隶属度函数将多QoS目标约束的优化求解问题转化成一个单目标约束的优化问题,对转化后的单目标约束优化问题进行近似求解,最终提出一种多QoS目标约束的云计算任务调度策略。在CloudSim模拟器上的仿真结果表明,提出的多QoS目标约束的云计算任务调度策略总体上优于传统的Min-min算法以及改进的以QoS为导向的Min-min算法。     

基于蜂群算法的多维QoS云计算任务调度

针对云计算环境下用户日益多样化的QoS需求和高效的资源调度要求,提出了基于改进蜂群算法的多维QoS云计算任务调度算法,其中包括构建任务模型、云资源模型和用户QoS模型。为了获得高效的调度,引入蜂群算法。针对该算法在后期收敛速度变慢且易陷入局部最优的问题,引入收益比、跟随比概念及当前个体最优值及随机向量,避免"早熟"现象的出现。通过实验仿真,将该算法HEFT与和ABC算法进行比较,实验表明,该算法能获得较高的调度效率和用户满意度。     

云工作流中基于分时虚拟机的任务层调度算法

云计算是新的一种面向市场的商业计算模式,向用户按需提供服务,云计算的商业特性使其关注向用户提供服务的服务质量。任务调度和资源分配是云计算中两个关键的技术,所使用的虚拟化技术使得其资源分配和任务调度有别于以往的并行分布式计算。目前主要的调度算法是借鉴网格环境下的调度策略,研究基于QoS的调度算法,存在执行效率较低的问题。我们对云工作流任务层调度进行深入研究,分析由底层资源虚拟化形成的虚拟机的特性,结合工作流任务的各类QoS约束,提出了基于虚拟机分时特性的任务层ACS调度算法。经过试验,我们提出的算法相比于文献[1]中的算法在对于较多并行任务的执行上存在较大的优势,能够很好的利用虚拟的分时特性,优化任务到虚拟机的调度。     

云工作流中基于分时虚拟机的任务层调度算法

云计算是新的一种面向市场的商业计算模式,向用户按需提供服务,云计算的商业特性使其关注向用户提供服务的服务质量。任务调度和资源分配是云计算中两个关键的技术,所使用的虚拟化技术使得其资源分配和任务调度有别于以往的并行分布式计算。目前主要的调度算法是借鉴网格环境下的调度策略,研究基于QoS的调度算法,存在执行效率较低的问题。我们对云工作流任务层调度进行深入研究,分析由底层资源虚拟化形成的虚拟机的特性,结合工作流任务的各类QoS约束,提出了基于虚拟机分时特性的任务层ACS调度算法。经过试验,我们提出的算法相比于文献[1]中的算法在对于较多并行任务的执行上存在较大的优势,能够很好的利用虚拟的分时特性,优化任务到虚拟机的调度。     

基于QoS和效用的云计算资源调度模型

针对已有的云计算环境下资源调度模型往往仅考虑任务执行跨度而忽略了能提高用户满意度的效用因素,为此,提出了一种基于用户需求QoS和最大化效用为目标的云计算资源调度模型;首先给出了云计算资源调度的框架和数学模型,并将满足用户预算和最迟完完工时间约束的总效用函数作为优化目标;然后对所有任务构造决策矩阵和归一化处理,并采用拉格朗日松弛求取属性权重向量,从而构造出最终的基于多维属性的总效用函数;最后,定义了基于QoS和以最大化效用为目标的云计算资源调度算法;采用CloudSim工具进行仿真实验,结果表明:文中方法能获得最优的资源调度方案,且与其它方法相比,具有较少的平均执行时间和执行花费,具有较大的优越性。     

云计算下负载均衡的多维QoS约束任务调度机制

高效的任务调度机制能够更好地满足用户的QoS需求,实现各物理主机间的负载均衡,从而提高云计算环境的整体性能。而传统的任务调度往往只考虑任务的响应时间或安全性等,且负载均衡策略是静态的。根据云计算的弹性化和虚拟化等新特性,综合考虑任务的性能QoS和信任QoS,提出一种在云计算环境下的任务调度机制,采用虚拟机迁移技术实现动态负载均衡。通过在CloudSim2.1仿真环境下的分析和比较,该任务调度机制不但可以提高用户满意度,而且可以有效实现负载均衡。     

基于时间感知排序的云服务QoS预测方法研究

随着云计算理论和技术的成熟,越来越多的云服务得到了蓬勃发展,如何建立高质量的云服务成为了云计算研究领域的一个关键难题。服务质量QoS排序为用户从一系列功能相似的云服务候选者中挑选最优云服务提供了非常有价值的信息。为了获得云服务的QoS值,就需要调用真实的候选云服务。为了避免时间消耗和昂贵的资源浪费,提出了一种基于时间感知排序的云服务QoS预测方法。不同于传统的QoS值预测,基于QoS排序相似度的预测考虑为特定用户检测服务的排序。分时段按权计算出排序相似度,结合时间偏好合成相似度的前k位用户,用来提供信息支持QoS的缺失预测。在WS Dream真实数据集进行的实验研究表明,基于时间感知排序的云服务QoS预测方法有更好的预测精度。     

基于用户满意度模型的云计算QoE评价方法

在探讨如何测量与评价云计算QoS的基础上,提出一种基于用户满意度模型的量化云计算服务的QoE评价模型,该模型既有QoS技术性能的反馈,又着重于用户的服务满意度.最后给出实例加以说明.     

Multi-Layer Resource Management in Cloud Computing

The paper studies multi-layer optimization in service oriented cloud computing to optimize the utility function of cloud computing, subject to resource constraints of an IaaS provider at the resource layer, service provisioning constraints of a SaaS provider at the service layer, and user QoS (quality of service) constraints of cloud users at application layer, respectively. The multi-layer optimization problem can be decomposed into three subproblems: cloud computing resource allocation problem, SaaS service provisioning problem, and user QoS maximization problem. The proposed algorithm decomposes the global optimization problem of cloud computing into three sub-problems via an iterative algorithm. The experiments are conducted to test the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with varying environmental parameters. The experiments also compare the performance of the proposed approach with other related work.     

Dynamic cloud resource management for efficient media applications in mobile computing environments

Single-instruction-set architecture (Single-ISA) heterogeneous multi-core processors (HMP) are superior to Symmetric Multi-core processors in performance per watt. They are popular in many aspects of the Internet of Things, including mobile multimedia cloud computing platforms. One Single-ISA HMP integrates both fast out-of-order cores and slow simpler cores, while all cores are sharing the same ISA. The quality of service (QoS) is most important for virtual machine (VM) resource management in multimedia mobile computing, particularly in Single-ISA heterogeneous multi-core cloud computing platforms. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a dynamic cloud resource management (DCRM) policy to improve the QoS in multimedia mobile computing. DCRM dynamically and optimally partitions shared resources according to service or application requirements. Moreover, DCRM combines resource-aware VM allocation to maximize the effectiveness of the heterogeneous multi-core cloud platform. The basic idea for this performance improvement is to balance the shared resource allocations with these resources requirements. The experimental results show that DCRM behaves better in both response time and QoS, thus proving that DCRM is good at shared resource management in mobile media cloud computing.     

Application Layer Scheduling in Cloud: Fundamentals,Review and Research Directions

The cloud computing paradigm facilitates a finite pool of on-demand virtualized resources on a pay-per-use basis. For large-scale heterogeneous distributed systems like a cloud, scheduling is an essential component of resource management at the application layer as well as at the virtualization layer in order to deliver the optimal Quality of Services (QoS). The cloud scheduling, in general, is an NP-hard problem due to large solution space, thus, it is difficult to find an optimal solution within a reasonable time. In application layer scheduling, the tasks are mapped to logical resources (i.e., virtual machines), aiming to optimize one or more QoS parameters, and conforming to several constraints. Various algorithms have been proposed in the literature for application layer scheduling, where each of them is based on some fundamental design techniques like simple heuristics, meta-heuristics, and most recently hybrid heuristics. Although ample literature survey exists for cloud scheduling algorithms, none of them present their study exclusively for the application layer. In this survey paper, we present a study on task scheduling algorithms used only at the application layer of the cloud. We classify our study according to various fundamental techniques used in designing such scheduling algorithms. One of the main features of our study is that it covers numerous application type e.g., a set of independent tasks, simple workflow, scientific workflow, and MapReduce jobs. We also provide a comparative analysis of existing algorithms on various parameters like makespan, cost, resource utilization, etc. In the end, research directions for future work have been provided.     

Semantic-enabled CARE Resource Broker (SeCRB) for managing grid and cloud environment

Grid computing is mainly helpful for executing high-performance computing applications. However, conventional grid resources sometimes fail to offer a dynamic application execution environment and this increases the rate at which the job requests of users are rejected. Integrating emerging virtualization technologies in grid and cloud computing facilitates the provision of dynamic virtual resources in the required execution environment. Resource brokers play a significant role in managing grid and cloud resources as well as identifying potential resources that satisfy users’ application requests. This research paper proposes a semantic-enabled CARE Resource Broker (SeCRB) that provides a common framework to describe grid and cloud resources, and to discover them in an intelligent manner by considering software, hardware and quality of service (QoS) requirements. The proposed semantic resource discovery mechanism classifies the resources into three categories viz., exact, high-similarity subsume and high-similarity plug-in regions. To achieve the necessary user QoS requirements, we have included a service level agreement (SLA) negotiation mechanism that pairs users’ QoS requirements with matching resources to guarantee the execution of applications, and to achieve the desired QoS of users. Finally, we have implemented the QoS-based resource scheduling mechanism that selects the resources from the SLA negotiation accepted list in an optimal manner. The proposed work is simulated and evaluated by submitting real-world bio-informatics and image processing application for various test cases. The result of the experiment shows that for jobs submitted to the resource broker, job rejection rate is reduced while job success and scheduling rates are increased, thus making the resource management system more efficient.     

基于包簇映射机制的实验平台建设及应用

从一般云平台和项目的实际需求出发,结合包簇架构,利用CloudStack开源云平台,设计一种基于包簇映射机制的实验平台。该实验平台采用分层的设计方法,包含硬件设施层、虚拟资源层、调度层、包簇中间件层以及用户应用层,将传统以虚拟机形式的资源申请转换成以需求包的形式进行申请,同时用户可以指定其需求包结构及每个包所需的物理资源。通过对云平台调度原理的分析,阐述如何将项目中涉及的包簇部署算法应用到该实验平台中,为后续改善项目的研究成果提供实验依据。最后选取云计算管理平台的6种重要的管理功能,通过对基于包簇机制的实验平台和CloudStack、OpenStack这2种云管理平台进行整体功能测试,结果表明本文的包簇实验平台提供了较全面的管理功能,具有一定的应用市场。     

基于李雅普诺夫优化的容器云队列在线任务和资源调度设计

为在保证任务服务质量（QoS）的条件下提高容器云资源利用率，提出一种基于李雅普诺夫的容器云队列任务和资源调度优化策略。首先，在云计算服务排队模型的基础上，通过李雅普诺夫函数分析任务队列长度的变化；然后，在任务QoS的约束下，构建资源功耗的最小化目标函数；最后，利用李雅普诺夫优化方法求解最小资源功耗目标函数，获得在线的任务和容器资源的优化调度策略，实现对任务和资源调度进行整体优化，从而保证任务的QoS并提高资源利用率。CloudSim仿真结果表明，所提的任务和资源调度策略在保证任务QoS的条件下能获得高的资源利用率，实现容器云在线任务和资源优化调度，并且为基于排队模型的云计算任务和资源整体优化提供必要的参考。     

SNA based QoS and reliability in fog and cloud framework

Fog and Cloud computing are ubiquitous computing paradigms based on the concepts of utility and grid computing. Cloud service providers permit flexible and dynamic access to virtualized computing resources on pay-per-use basis to the end users. The users having mobile device will like to process maximum number of applications locally by defining fog layer to provide infrastructure for storage and processing of applications. In case demands for resources are not being satisfied by fog layer of mobile device then job is transferred to cloud for processing. Due to large number of jobs and limited resources, fog is prone to deadlock at very large scale. Therefore, Quality of Service (QoS) and reliability are important aspects for heterogeneous fog and cloud framework. In this paper, Social Network Analysis (SNA) technique is used to detect deadlock for resources in fog layer of mobile device. A new concept of free space fog is proposed which helps to remove deadlock by collecting available free resource from all allocated jobs. A set of rules are proposed for a deadlock manager to increase the utilization of resources in fog layer and decrease the response time of request in case deadlock is detected by the system. Two different clouds (public cloud and virtual private cloud) apart from fog layer and free space fog are used to manage deadlock effectively. Selection among them is being done by assigning priorities to the requests and providing resources accordingly from fog and cloud. Therefore, QoS as well as reliability to users can be provided using proposed framework. Cloudsim is used to evaluate resource utilization using Resource Pool Manager (RPM). The results show the effectiveness of proposed technique.     

云计算资源调度研究综述

资源调度是云计算的一个主要研究方向.首先对云计算资源调度的相关研究现状进行深入调查和分析;然后重点讨论以降低云计算数据中心能耗为目标的资源调度方法、以提高系统资源利用率为目标的资源管理方法、基于经济学的云资源管理模型,给出最小能耗的云计算资源调度模型和最小服务器数量的云计算资源调度模型,并深入分析和比较现有的云资源调度方法;最后指出云计算资源管理的未来重要研究方向:基于预测的资源调度、能耗与性能折衷的调度、面向不同应用负载的资源管理策略与机制、面向计算能力(CPU、内存)和网络带宽的综合资源分配、多目标优化的资源调度,以便为云计算研究提供有益的参考.     

基于体系架构的云计算安全研究进展

云计算凭借其高效、可靠、廉价等优势,正引导着信息技术的又一次重大变革。考虑到云计算技术独有的特性和架构,安全问题一直是其发展和普及的瓶颈。针对云计算安全问题的研究也一直是该领域的重点和热点问题。将云计算体系划分为物理资源层、资源抽象层和服务提供层,并分层定义了体系中数据安全、虚拟机安全、多租户隔离、应用部署安全、数据处理技术、身份控制技术以及审计技术,介绍了相关标准,阐述了近年来的研究进展,指出了云计算体系架构安全领域的挑战与发展契机。