复合外加剂对矾土基低水泥浇注料性能的影响

研究了单独外加0.1%的三聚磷酸钠(STP),以及0.1%的三聚磷酸钠(STP)分别与0.01%~0.06%的聚丙烯酸钠(PAANa)或氨基磺酸盐系高效减水剂(AS)复合外加时对矾土基低水泥浇注料性能的影响。结果表明与单独加入STP的浇注料相比,STP与PAANa或AS复合外加的流动值均显著增加,热处理后的物理性能也均略有提高;STP与PAANa复合相对于STP与AS复合的效果来说,在基本配方和加水量相同的情况下,前者的流动性比后者好,而烘干和热处理后,后者的强度略高于前者。     

基质组成对高铝质浇注料荷重软化温度的影响

研究了基质组成对低水泥高铝质浇注料荷重软化温度的影响。结果表明 ,在骨料组成不变的情况下 ,以纯铝酸钙水泥取代复合水泥以及分别在基质中引入适量蓝晶石、α Al2 O3微粉和莫来石 ,浇注料的荷重软化温度均有显著提高     

锆英石和氧化铝加入量对镁质浇注料性能的影响

研究了锆荚石和氧化铝的加入量对镁质浇注料常温物理性能、热震稳定性、高温抗折强度（１４５℃,１ｈ）及抗渣性能的影响。结果表明：锆英石和氧化铝的加入均降低了镁质浇注料的常温强度,提高了其热震稳定性,但对高温抗折强度影响不大;适量锆英石和氧化铝的加入均能改善镁质浇注料的抗渣渗透性。     

Effect of microsilica addition on the properties of colloidal silica bonded bauxite-andalusite based castables

Colloidal silica bonded bauxite-andalusite based castables were prepared using homogenized bauxite and andalusite as aggregates, andalusite fines, corundum fines, ultrafine Al₂O₃ as matrixes and colloidal silica as binders. Effects of microsilica addition on the green strength, physical properties, hot strength and thermal shock resistance of castables were investigated. Moreover, phase composition and morphological evolution of specimens were characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. Green strength after demoulding, cold strength and hot strength as well as thermal shock resistance of the castables are enhanced with microsilica addition, which attribute to generating more chemical bond (–Si–O–Si–) after demoulding and heating at intermediate temperature (up to 1100 °C), and creating a stronger mullite bonding at higher temperature (1400 °C) compare to the specimens without microsilica.     

加入造粒石墨对低水泥氧化铝基浇注料性能的影响

分别采用成型后造粒(A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ)以及直接造粒(A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ)两种不同的方法对天然鳞片石墨进行处理。研究了这两种造粒石墨的加入对低水泥氧化铝基浇注料物理性能、抗氧化性能以及抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:1)石墨含量较低、热处理温度较低(110℃)时,含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ的试样的常温抗折强度、耐压强度均优于含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ的试样的;2)石墨含量较高、热处理温度较高(1 500℃)时,含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ的试样的常温抗折强度、耐压强度则不如含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ的试样的;3)含同种造粒石墨的试样,其石墨含量越低,抗氧化性能越好;4)石墨含量对含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ试样的抗渣侵蚀性影响较大,浇注料中引入A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ比引入A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ更有利于改善试样抗渣侵蚀性。     

锆英石加入量对莫来石-碳化硅浇注料性能的影响

采用烧结莫来石(5～3、3～1、≤0.088 mm)、碳化硅(3～1、1～0.5、≤0.5 mm)、锆英石细粉、SiO2微粉、Secar 71水泥和ρ-Al2O3细粉为主要原料,分别研究了锆英石加入量(w)为3%、6%、9%和12%时,对莫来石-碳化硅浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:1)随着锆英石加入量的增加,试样的线收缩率减小,体积密度变大,1 200℃热处理后强度稍有降低,1 500℃埋炭热处理后强度先增大后减小;2)加入锆英石并不能改善莫来石-碳化硅浇注料的抗热震性能;3)加入锆英石可以改善试样的耐磨性能,以质量分数6%为最好。     

电熔陶粒砂对高铝浇注料性能的影响

采用特级矾土(粒度为5~3 mm、3~1 mm和≤1 mm)和电熔陶粒砂(≤2 mm)为骨料,特级矾土粉(≤0.088 mm)、92埃肯硅微粉和活性氧化铝微粉为细粉,Secar 71水泥为结合剂制备了高铝浇注料,研究了电熔陶粒砂的加入量(质量分数分别为0、10%、19%和28%)对高铝浇注料流动性和常温物理性能的影响,并借助SEM和EDS对试样的显微结构和物相组成进行了分析。结果表明:(1)电熔陶粒砂能显著改善高铝浇注料的流动性,有助于提高浇注料的强度,降低显气孔率和减少烧结收缩;(2)随电熔陶粒砂加入量的增加,浇注料的抗热震性先提高后降低,适宜的加入量为10%;(3)加入的电熔陶粒砂均匀地分布在浇注料基质中,经高温处理后,电熔陶粒砂与浇注料基质烧结。     

硅线石对矾土基浇注料性能的影响

以矾土为主要原料,加入硅线石粉、SiO2微粉、活性A l2O3微粉、水泥等制备矾土基浇注料,研究了硅线石加入量(质量分数分别为0、4%、8%和12%)对浇注料常温性能和抗渣侵蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着硅线石加入量的增加,浇注料的常温强度和体积密度下降,显气孔率增大;在浇注料中加入硅线石有助于提高试样的抗渣侵蚀性能,但加入质量分数大于8%时,试样抗渣侵蚀性能下降,渣渗透深度和侵蚀深度增加;硅线石加入质量分数为4%~8%时,浇注料的综合性能较好。     

高铝粉煤灰加入量对Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料抗高炉渣性能的影响

以棕刚玉(w(Al_2O_3)≥95.00%,粒度8~1mm,≤1mm),SiC(w(SiC)≥90.00%,粒度≤0.088mm),铝酸盐水泥,α-Al_2O_3微粉,SiO_2微粉,高温沥青等为原料,研究了高铝粉煤灰加入量(质量分数,下同)分别为0、3%、6%、9%和12%时对Al_2O_3-SiC-C质浇注料物理性能和抗渣性能的影响。结果表明随着高铝粉煤灰加入量的增加并达到9%时,Al_2O_3-SiC-C质浇注料的线变化率略有增大,抗渣性能与未添加粉煤灰的浇注料的相当;当高铝粉煤灰添加量增加并达到12%时,试样的抗高炉渣侵蚀的能力开始较明显下降。     

锆英石加入量对刚玉质浇注料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉(5～3、3～1、≤1 mm)、板状刚玉细粉(≤0.044 mm)、锆英石(≤0.074 mm)、α-Al2O3微粉为主要原料,以Secar 71水泥为结合剂,制备了刚玉质浇注料,经110℃24 h烘干和1 600℃3 h烧后,研究了锆英石加入量(质量分数分别为0、3%、6%、9%)对试样性能、物相组成和显微结构的影响。结果表明:随着锆英石加入量的增加,试样经110℃24 h烘干后的体积密度先增大后减小,显气孔率先减小后增大,常温抗折强度变化不大;试样经1 600℃3 h烧后的体积密度、常温抗折强度和抗热震性呈先增大后减小的趋势,高温抗折强度呈明显下降趋势。综合各项性能,认为锆英石的最佳加入质量分数为6%。     

h-BN加入量对低水泥刚玉质浇注料性能的影响

为了提高低水泥刚玉质浇注料中温处理后的强度和抗热震性,在其配料中引入不同量的h-BN粉(其质量分数分别为0、0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%),经成型、养护、脱模、烘干、750℃热处理后,检测试样的体积密度、显气孔率、常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度、抗热震性,并进行XRD分析。结果表明:随着h-BN加入量的增加,750℃处理后试样的显气孔率有所减小,体积密度逐渐减小,常温耐压强度逐渐增大,常温抗折强度也呈增大趋势,抗热震性逐渐改善。可见,加入h-BN有助于提高低水泥刚玉质浇注料中温处理后强度和抗热震性。     

Effect of hydromagnesite on the hydration of hydratable alumina and properties of corundum-based castables

Hydratable alumina (HA) was premixed with hydromagnesite (BMC) to investigate the BMC impact on the hydration behavior of HA and the thermo-mechanical properties of HA bonded (HAB) castables. The phase composition, microstructure and mass changes of dried HA samples, were characterized by XRD, SEM, and TG, respectively. Flow ability, microstructure, and thermo-mechanical properties of HAB castables were studied. Results indicated that BMC effectively lowered HA hydration rate due to the decreased specific surface area. The hot modulus of rupture strength of castables was improved because the sintering of Al₂O₃ was enhanced by the MgO from BMC decomposition.     

Effect of grinding on the hydration of hydratable alumina and properties of hydratable alumina-bonded castables

Hydratable alumina (HA) is a superior Ca-free refractory binder, but the quick hydration rate restricts the working time of castables bonded with HA. In this work, HA was grounded for 1 h and 6 h by a rotational ball mill to study the effect of grinding on the hydration of HA and properties of HA-bonded castables. HA samples with and without grinding were cured at 30 °C and then terminated by freeze-vacuum drying. The phase composition and microstructure of the dried HA samples were then examined. Moreover, flow ability and mechanical strength of castables containing ungrounded and grounded HA were also investigated. The results indicate that the specific area of HA particles were decreased by grinding as the micro-pores and micro-cracks on the surface of HA particles were blocked by smaller HA particles, thereby decreasing the hydration rate of HA and increasing the flow ability of castables.     

Effect of micro-spinel powders addition on the microstructure and properties of alumina refractory castables

The microstructural evolution and comprehensive properties of alumina refractory bonded with calcium aluminate cement and silica sol have been studied. Results have been correlated with the microstructural and phase evolutions using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, as function of the pre-formed spinel powders. Matrix samples were obtained for phase and microstructural characterization in details, and the results were compared with those corresponding to the refractory castables. The room temperature and high temperature properties, including permanent of linear change, mechanical properties, hot modulus of rupture (HMOR) and slag resistance were measured. The castables exhibited a microstructural optimization and properties enhancement due to the addition of pre-formed spinel. A lot of secondary spinel and CA₆ (CaO·6Al₂O₃) with small size were produced in the castables, and the contents of micro pores were greatly increased. As a result, the permanent of linear change of castables was decreased by 61%, while cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) and HMOR were increased more than 45% and 100%, respectively. The penetration indexes in the static slag resistance were decreased from 28.8% to 12.2%.     

用后镁碳砖回收料加入量和粒度对镁碳砖性能的影响

对钢包用后镁碳砖进行拣选、除杂、破碎、颗粒分离处理,制成回收料,研究回收料加入量和粒度对镁碳砖性能的影响.结果发现:(1)引入回收料均不同程度降低了镁碳砖的致密度、常温耐压强度、高温抗折强度和抗渣侵蚀性,以引入≤0.074 mm回收料对其各项性能降低程度影响最大.(2)引入5～3 mm回收料对镁碳砖致密度影响最小,平均引入1%质量分数的5～3 mm回收料,其体积密度降低0.003 9 g·cm-3,显气孔率增加0.108 7%.(3)引入3 ～1 mm 回收料对镁碳砖常温耐压强度和高温抗折强度影响最小,乎均引入1%质量分数的3 ～1 mm回收料,其常温耐压强度降低1.66 MPa,高温抗折强度降低0.11 MPa.     

Effects of andalusite and kyanite addition on the microstructure,thermo-mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of ultralow-cement bauxite-corundum castables

Ultralow-cement bauxite-corundum refractory castables are increasingly attracting attention because of the advantages in performance and cost. To improve its volume stability and high-temperature performance, andalusite and kyanite were incorporated into this type of refractory, respectively, and a comparative investigation of their effects on microstructure, thermo-mechanical properties, and slag corrosion resistance was carried out in this work. The expansion effects induced by the mullitization of these additives not only suppressed the sintering shrinkage but also made the matrix structure more compact and uniform, mainly owing to the generation of many new and strong mullite bonds. This improvement resulted in a significant increase in the refractoriness under load and creep resistance. This effect was far more pronounced for the andalusite-added castables, for which the RUL increased by 62 °C and the creep rate at the stationary stage decreased by 26%. Besides, adverse effects on microstructure and properties appeared when adding a higher amount of kyanite due to the excessive expansion. Moreover, the corrosion mechanisms of these refractory castables by refining slag were discussed, and the active role of andalusite addition in the corrosion resistance was also proposed.     

The effect of nano-size additives on the electrical conductivity of matrix suspension and properties of self-flowing low-cement high alumina refractory castables

Influence of two nano-size additives on electrical properties of suspension matrix of self-flowing low-cement high alumina refractory castable is investigated. For this purpose, castament FS 10 and FS 20 on the basis of polycarboxylate ether were considered. The self-flow value, workability and mechanical strength of the castable are evaluated and their relations with electrical conductivity are determined. Using these relations, the type and optimum amount of proper additive for these refractory castables are determined. It was shown that if the electrical conductivity of matrix suspension is less than 0.71 mS/cm, high alumina low-cement self-flowing refractory castable can be obtained. The best self-flow, sufficient working time and adequate mechanical strength in the castables are obtained with 0.08 wt.% FS 20.     

Effect of submicron spinel powders on the microstructure evolution and properties of alumina‐based refractory castables

The physical properties, including flow value, apparent porosity, and mechanical strength, increased significantly with submicron spinel contents in this study. The excellent physical properties can be attributed to the close‐packed microstructure and high bonding strength between spinel and aggregates/matrix. Additionally, the submicron spinel powders promoted the formation of tabular CA₆ grains that generated a cross‐linked structure and enhanced the mechanical properties. The microstructures of corroded castables suggested that submicron spinel powders contributed to the formation of a continuous and thick spinel layer at the slag–refractory interface and subsequently improved the slag resistance of the castables.     

添加物对高铝砖结构和性能的影响

研究了添加少量锆英石、红柱石、电熔刚玉、Ａｌ２Ｏ３微粉等对高铝砖（Ａｌ２Ｏ３＞７５％）结构和性能的影响。为生产高质量的高铝砖提供有益的指导     

Effect of talc and titania on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina ceramics

Alumina (Al₂O₃) ceramics were prepared with nucleating agent of titania (TiO₂) and fluxing agent of talc by the normal pressure sintering method. The effects of TiO₂ and talc on phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃ ceramics, as well the strengthening and toughening mechanism were investigated. It was found that the introduction of TiO₂ could be favorable for mullite formation and the improved densification of ceramics, resulting in improved mechanical properties of ceramics as well. Ceramics possess the best comprehensive mechanical performance with fracture toughness of 3.69 MPa·m^1/2 and flexural strength of 255.9 MPa when 4 wt.% TiO₂ and 15 wt.% talc were added. Mineral bridges and nanocrystallites were found in the glass‐ceramics, which caused the deflection of cracks so that it strengthened the grain boundary and improved the mechanical properties of ceramics.