室温碱激发低钙粉煤灰地质聚合物配比试验研究

为得到室温下粉煤灰与碱激发剂质量比、水玻璃与氢氧化钠溶液质量比和氢氧化钠溶液摩尔浓度对粉煤灰地质聚合物力学性能的影响,以低钙粉煤灰为原料,制备了地质聚合物胶凝材料。采用正交试验方法,分析粉煤灰地质聚合物抗压强度,探讨碱激发剂配比对粉煤灰地质聚合物力学性能的影响,结合SEM、XRD和FTIR对试样进行表征,并对该材料的应力-应变曲线进行了研究。结果表明:粉煤灰地质聚合物的抗压强度随着激发剂掺量的减少而增大,水玻璃在激发剂中的比值与粉煤灰地质聚合物的抗压强度呈现正相关,其中粉煤灰与碱激发剂质量比为1.8,水玻璃与氢氧化钠溶液质量比为2.5且氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为10 mol/L时,120 d龄期的抗压强度可达51.98 MPa。对应力-应变曲线分析得出,在一定程度上,激发剂的掺入量对粉煤灰地质聚合物的破坏应变和弹性模量有较大影响。SEM、XRD和FTIR分析表明随着养护时间增长,胶凝材料体系内结构更致密,生成了更多的硅铝酸盐凝胶。     

地聚物稳定废旧沥青混合料的强度与微观结构研究

发展高早强和低能耗的新型绿色道路建筑材料对我国公路建设与养护具有重要意义。本文采用地聚物稳定100%的废旧沥青混合料,制备了地聚物稳定冷再生混合料(GCRM),研究了矿渣掺量、水玻璃模数、激发剂用量以及地聚物掺量对GCRM劈裂强度的影响及其时变规律,通过扫描电子显微镜和EDS能谱分析了混合料的微观形貌及结构组成。结果表明,GCRM的早期强度发展较快,相较于水泥乳化沥青稳定冷再生混合料提升明显。当矿渣掺量为30%(质量分数)、水玻璃模数为1.0、激发剂用量为50%(质量分数)、地聚物总掺量为8%(质量分数)时,GCRM具有最佳的早期强度,7 d劈裂强度可达1.7 MPa。微观结构分析表明,GCRM破坏界面处裂缝易出现在地聚物反应程度偏低的位置。此外,水化硅铝酸钙(C-A-S-H)层状凝胶结构的形成更有利于混合料力学性能的发展。     

Assessment of recycling use of GFRP powder as replacement of fly ash in geopolymer paste and concrete at ambient and high temperatures

Environmental issues caused by glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) waste have attracted much attention. The development of cost-effective recycling and reuse methods for GFRP composite wastes is therefore essential. In this study, the formulation of the GFRP waste powder replacement was set at 20–40 wt%. The geopolymer was formed by mixing GFRP powder, fly ash (FA), steel slag (SS) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with a sodium-based alkali activator. The effects of GFRP powder content, activator concentration, liquid to solid (L/S) ratio, and activator solution modulus on the physico-mechanical properties of geopolymer mixtures were identified. Based on the 28-day compressive strength, the optimal combination of the geopolymer mixture was determined to be 30 wt% GFRP powder content, an activator concentration of 85%, L/S of 0.65, and an activator solution modulus of 1.3. The ratios of compressive strength to flexural strength of the GFRP powder/FA-based geopolymers were considerably lower than those of the FA/steel slag-based geopolymers, which indicates that the incorporation of GFRP powder improved the geopolymer brittleness. The incorporation of 30% GFRP powder in geopolymer concrete to replace FA can enhance the compressive and flexural strengths of geopolymer concrete by 28%. After exposure to 600 °C, the flexural strength loss for geopolymer concretes containing 30 wt% GFRP powder was less than that of specimens without GFRP powder. After exposure to 900 °C, the compressive strength and flexural strength losses of geopolymer concretes containing 30 wt% GFRP powder were similar to those of specimens without GFRP powder. The developed GFRP powder/FA-based geopolymers exhibited comparable or superior physico-mechanical properties to those of the FA-based geopolymers, and thus offer a high application potential as building construction material.     

氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃激发剂对碱激发矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响

采用氢氧化钾调节钠水玻璃模数制备复合碱激发剂,以钠水玻璃模数、碱掺量为变量,分析氢氧化钾对钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响,研究氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料在流动度、凝结时间及抗压强度等方面的变化规律。结果表明,氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃复合激发剂的激发效果优于单一钠水玻璃激发剂。当钠水玻璃模数为1.2、碱掺量为8%(质量分数)时,氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料流动度可达240 mm,7 d、28 d抗压强度可达98.88 MPa和104.59 MPa,比同等条件下的钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料7 d、28 d抗压强度分别提高了16.7%和22.9%。     

矿渣基轻质多孔地质聚合物的制备与孔结构研究

以矿渣微粉为主要原料,硅酸钠和氢氧化钠混合溶液为碱性激发剂,铝粉为发泡剂,制备地质聚合物基轻质多孔材料,系统研究了发泡剂、水灰比以及萘系减水剂对材料孔结构与物理性能的影响。结果表明,Al粉在碱性激发剂作用下快速反应生成H₂,促使地质聚合物浆体泡沫化形成多孔材料,且材料的干密度和抗压强度随Al粉掺量的增加迅速降低。当Al粉掺量超过0.40%(质量分数,下同),泡孔急剧增大,导致泡孔聚并,强度显著降低。提升水灰比可降低泡孔生长阻力,促使密度快速减小。但水灰比＞0.40后,浆体黏度和激发剂浓度显著降低,凝结时间延长,孔径增大,结构劣化,其最优水灰比为0.35。此外,萘系减水剂可有效调节多孔地质聚合物的孔结构,仅添加0.4%的萘系减水剂即可促使孔径分布均一,孔壁完整性提升,试样抗压强度提升。     

钢渣基多孔地质聚合物的制备及吸附性能研究

以钢渣为主要原料,水玻璃为激发剂,H₂O₂为发泡剂,制备多孔地质聚合物材料。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、BET等对原料及最终试样进行表征,研究钙硅比、激发剂和H₂O₂掺量对该材料性能的影响。将所制备的多孔地质聚合物用作吸附剂,初步考察该材料对Cu²⁺的吸附效果。试验表明:当钙硅比为1.0,水玻璃掺量为20.4%(质量分数),发泡剂掺量为4%(质量分数)时,该材料性能良好,总孔隙率86.4%,抗压强度0.5 MPa,体积密度0.408 g/cm³,体积吸水率56.31%,钢渣使用率65.85%,比表面积与孔容显著提高。吸附结果显示:该材料对Cu²⁺吸附效果良好,去除率可达91.44%,平衡吸附量达到15.239 mg/g,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

钢渣微粉生态型超高性能混凝土力学性能影响因素分析

为促进钢铁企业废渣的无害化处理与资源化利用,将钢渣制成微粉替代石英粉制备生态型超高性能混凝土(UHPC)是其再利用的有效途径之一。针对配制钢渣微粉UHPC的原材料因素影响问题,采用正交试验法对不同配合比下钢渣微粉UHPC的抗压、抗折、劈裂抗拉等强度指标及弹性模量进行测试,以分析硅灰、钢渣微粉、河砂和钢纤维四种原材料掺量对其各项性能指标的影响效果。结果表明：钢纤维体积掺量对钢渣微粉UHPC的各项力学性能影响最为显著,河砂、钢渣微粉掺量影响程度较大,硅灰掺量影响程度较小;立方体抗压强度、抗折强度、静力受压弹性模量指标下的显著性影响顺序为钢纤维>河砂>钢渣微粉>硅灰,轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度指标下的显著性影响顺序为钢纤维>钢渣微粉>河砂>硅灰;经正交试验得出最佳配合比方案,按该方案制备的钢渣微粉UHPC具有良好的工作性能与力学性能。     

Silica fume as porogent agent in geo-materials at low temperature

The synthesis of geopolymers based on alkaline polysialate was achieved at low temperature (～25–80 °C) by the alkaline activation of raw minerals and silica fume. The materials were prepared from a solution containing dehydroxylated kaolinite and alkaline hydroxide pellets dissolved in potassium silicate. Then the mixture was transferred to a polyethylene mold sealed with a top and placed in an oven at 70 °C for 24 h. For all geopolymer materials, following dissolution of the raw materials, a polycondensation reaction was used to form the amorphous solid, which was studied by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The in situ inorganic foam based on silica fume was synthesized from the in situ gaseous production of dihydrogen due to oxidation of free silicon (content in the silica fume) by water in alkaline medium, which was confirmed via TGA-MS experiments. This foam has potential as an insulating material for applications in building materials since the thermal measurement has a value of 0.22 W m^?1 K^?1.     

不同激发剂对钢渣活性影响的研究

本文选用水玻璃、氢氧化钠、硫酸钠、硅灰、铝酸钠以及复合激发剂,系统研究了不同类别激发剂对钢渣活性的影响和激发机理.利用SEM和XRD对不同激发剂制备的钢渣胶凝材料水化产物进行了微观表征和矿物相分析,比较了不同龄期活性激发钢渣胶凝材料的抗压强度.结果表明:激发剂能促使钢渣水化产物中水化硅酸钙凝 胶含量增加,促进钙矾石晶体生成,破坏钢渣中玻璃体网络结构,增大钢渣水化浆体的密实度.硅灰作为激发剂对钢渣活性的激发效果最好,制备的水泥试块28 d抗压强度能达15.9 MPa.     

硅灰掺量对免烧粉煤灰陶粒性能的影响

以粉煤灰为原料,辅掺硅灰制备了碱激发免烧陶粒。采用筒压强度试验、吸水率试验、含泥量试验、磨破率试验、耐腐蚀试验、X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜试验,系统地研究了硅灰掺量对陶粒性能的影响。结果表明,3 d、7 d、14 d龄期时,随着硅灰掺量增加,粉煤灰陶粒的筒压强度呈逐渐增加趋势,磨破率与吸水率呈逐渐下降趋势,耐腐蚀性能也得到提高。当硅灰掺量为15%和20%(质量分数)时,龄期为14 d时,陶粒的筒压强度分别达到19.43 MPa和20.37 MPa。由微观分析知,适量的硅灰掺量可以提高粉煤灰的水化程度,增加陶粒结构密实性,但当掺量达到15%~20%时,水化程度有所减弱。     

Mechanical properties and microstructure evaluation of fly ash - Slag geopolymer foaming materials

The existing fly ash-slag foaming geopolymer materials generally have the shortcomings of low fly ash content and low porosity. It is urgent to develop geopolymer foaming materials with high fly ash content and high porosity. Using fly ash and slag as the main raw materials, geopolymer foaming materials were prepared by alkali activation. The effects of activator content and sodium silicate modulus on the macroscopic mechanical properties, pore structures and microstructures of geopolymer foaming materials were studied. The experimental results showed that when the activator content was 21% (wt.) and the modulus of sodium silicate was 1, the specimen exhibited the best performance. The compressive strength of the specimen reached 2.18 MPa at 28 d, the porosity was 63.07%, and the average pore sizes of macroscopic pores were 920 μm. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analysis showed that when the content of activator was 21% and the modulus of sodium silicate was 1, the reaction grade of the system was the highest, reached 55.12%, meanwhile the main product Sodium silicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel produced the largest amount. The fractal dimension calculations showed that the spatial complexity of a specimen with large pores was greater than that of a specimen with small pores. This study can provide a basis for the design of geopolymer foaming materials with high proportion of fly ash and high porosity.     

水热热压法制备地质聚合物

地质聚合物材料是一种新型的环保型无机复合材料,具有性能优越、价格低廉的特点.本研究采用水热热压技术,以粉煤灰、玻璃粉为主要原料,在200℃、8.5MPa的水热热压条件下制备粉煤灰基地聚合物材料.研究了不同碱激发剂的含量、浓度及玻璃粉添加量对材料抗压强度、收缩率的影响.结果表明,粉煤灰与玻璃粉的质量比为2∶1,添加25％的浓度为5 mol/L NaOH溶液时,固化体试样中有纤维状的地聚物生成,材料的抗压强度最高达到103.34MPa.     

原料固液比对太阳能板废玻璃地聚合物性能的影响

以太阳能板废玻璃取代部分偏高岭土制备地聚合物,研究了原料固液比对地聚合物性能的影响.结果表明:原料固液比为0.8的地聚合物具有较高抗压强度,且易于搅拌.固液比越高,地聚合物体积密度越大而孔隙率越小.反应程度随着固液比增加而增加.FTIR红外线光谱解析结果表明,代表Si—O—T振动的波峰强度随着固液比增加而增加.制备地聚合物的最佳操作条件:太阳能板废玻璃取代量为10％且固液比为0.8.     

赤泥/粉煤灰免烧矿物聚合物材料的制备和强度

以赤泥、粉煤灰为主要原料,采用水玻璃作为碱激发剂,制备出一种具有较高早期强度的免烧成矿物聚合物胶凝材料.通过实验初步探讨了碱激发剂对该矿物聚合物强度发展的影响.利用合适配比的赤泥/粉煤灰胶凝材料作为基质原料,用细沙作骨料,制成了一种赤泥/粉煤灰基矿物聚合物免烧材料.当赤泥的加入量在60%~70%范围时,各组试样的3 d抗压强度均在10 MPa以上,符合非承重墙体建筑材料的强度MU10级要求.同时本文还对该矿物聚合物材料中胶凝反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

粉煤灰地聚合物力学性能影响因素研究综述

粉煤灰地聚合物是以粉煤灰为硅铝质原料制备的,具有强度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀、有效固封金属离子等优点。但它固有的脆性以及需高温养护才能快速获得高强度的特点限制了其运用范围,而以纤维作为增强材料不仅可以提高粉煤灰地聚合物的强度,还可以改善其延性和韧性。本文主要从粉煤灰原料特性、碱激发剂、养护制度和增强材料四方面入手,重点阐述了粉煤灰粒径和化学组成,碱激发剂的种类、用量和模数,升温养护时间和初期养护温度对抗压强度的影响,以及纤维对粉煤灰地聚合物抗压强度和弯曲性能的影响。最后,根据现有的研究成果,对四种影响因素分别是如何影响粉煤灰地聚合物力学性能进行总结。     

煅烧高铝煤矸石-矿渣-水玻璃系地聚合物材料的研究

根据地聚合物合成原理，采用煅烧高铝煤矸石-磨细矿渣-水玻璃系合成地聚合物类材料。深入研究了高铝煤矸石-矿渣-水玻璃系统材料的制备、性能的测试评价、水化硬化机理和最优制备工艺参数选择。材料中矿渣对早期强度起主要作用，煅烧高铝煤矸石对后期强度贡献较大。在矿渣和高铝煤矸石质量比处于合理状态时，材料各龄期强度均较优。高铝煤矸石类地聚合物材料的抗压强度随水玻璃模数的减小而增大，随水玻璃掺量的增大而增大，随液胶比的减小而增大。水玻璃模数为1．049，矿渣与煅烧高铝煤矸石的配比为4：6，激发剂掺量为22％，液胶比为0．35时，复合材料28d抗压强度达到了41．7MPa。     

Fully reacted high strength geopolymer made with diatomite as a fumed silica alternative

Geopolymers are formed by mixing of aluminosilicate sources with alkaline meta-silicate solution at room temperature. In the current study, diatomite of Turkish origin was fully utilized as a fumed silica alternative for the preparation of geopolymer, having a typical formula of K₂O•Al₂O₃•4SiO₂•11H₂O. From XRD of this sample, a broad peak centered at 28° 2θ indicated the well-known formation of amorphous geopolymer, as well as a fully reacted microstructure of geopolymer as seen by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, geopolymer having the same formula was made by using fumed silica, in order to compare with geopolymers prepared from diatomite. The Weibull modulus was calculated from four-point bending and compressive strength testing of both geopolymer composites. The use of diatomite as a fumed silica substitute in geopolymer production resulted in a very close flexure strength 9.2 (± 4.2 MPa) when compared to geopolymer made from fumed silica 10.2 (± 3.3 MPa). There was a significantly higher compressive strength 71 (± 13.9 MPa) and Weibull modulus (5.4), than comparable properties of geopolymer made from fumed silica, which had a compressive strength 54 (± 25.8 MPa) and Weibull modulus of 2.0. The discrepancy was attributed to some self-reinforcement of the geopolymer matrix due to unreacted diatomite.     

粉煤灰地聚物的力学性能及微观结构研究

研究了在常温、常压养护条件下制备粉煤灰地聚物的工艺,物理力学性能及其水化产物微观结构。结果表明:粉煤灰地聚物在水玻璃模数为1.5,碱固比为0.3,水灰比为0.3时,28d抗压强度为35.9MPa。由FTIR、DTA/TG和超景深显微镜等表征手段推断出:在水化过程中粉煤灰内玻璃体发生了解聚—缩聚反应,即玻璃体被碱溶液溶解解聚后在其边缘发生缩聚反应,生成非结晶相N-A-S-H凝胶,且N-A-S-H凝胶随着时间延长而增加。     

净水功能型透水混凝土的组成设计研究

为净化雨水和补充地下水,设计了一类净水功能型偏高岭土基地聚合物透水混凝土。通过研究壳聚糖掺量、碱激发剂模数与碱当量对偏高岭土基地聚合物浆体力学、吸附特性的影响,制备了一种可用于透水混凝土的高吸附性浆体材料。基于此,进一步探讨了透水混凝土骨料堆积孔隙率、浆集比(P/A)等体积结构参数对其净水、透水与力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着壳聚糖掺量的增加,偏高岭土基地聚合物的强度呈先提高后降低的趋势,Pb²⁺的吸附量呈增大趋势;随着骨料堆积孔隙率的增大,透水混凝土的力学和净水性能均减弱,透水性增强;随着浆集比的增大,透水混凝土力学与净水性能增大,透水性减小。最终设计出净水、透水与力学性能协调的透水混凝土,其28 d抗压强度、透水系数和Pb²⁺去除率分别为20.1 MPa、0.67 cm/s和90.5%。     

Resistance of geopolymer materials to acid attack

This article presents an investigation into durability of geopolymer materials manufactured using a class F fly ash (FA) and alkaline activators when exposed to 5% solutions of acetic and sulfuric acids. The main parameters studied were the evolution of weight, compressive strength, products of degradation and microstructural changes. The degradation was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of geopolymer materials when exposed to acid solutions was superior to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) paste. However, significant degradation of strength was observed in some geopolymer materials prepared with sodium silicate and with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide as activators. The deterioration observed was connected to depolymerisation of the aluminosilicate polymers in acidic media and formation of zeolites, which in some cases lead to a significant loss of strength. The best performance was observed in the geopolymer material prepared with sodium hydroxide and cured at elevated temperature, which was attributed to a more stable cross-linked aluminosilicate polymer structure formed in this material.