Fractal finite element method based shape sensitivity analysis of multiple crack system

This paper presents fractal finite element based continuum shape sensitivity analysis for a multiple crack system in a homogeneous, isotropic, and two dimensional linear-elastic body subjected to mixed-mode (modes I and II) loading conditions. The salient feature of this method is that the stress intensity factors and their derivatives for the multiple crack system can be obtained efficiently since it only requires an evaluation of the same set of fractal finite element matrix equations with a different fictitious load. Three numerical examples are presented to calculate the first-order derivative of the stress intensity factors or energy release rates.     

基于失效概率积分和马尔可夫链模拟的可靠性灵敏度分析

可靠性灵敏度可以被表达为失效概率对基本随机变量分布参数的偏导数的形式,利用失效概率为基本变量的联合概率密度函数在失效域上的积分表达式,并且利用马尔可夫链能够高效模拟感兴趣区域样本的性质,一种针对单个失效模式和系统多个失效模式的可靠性灵敏度分析方法被提出。由于可靠性参数灵敏度可以表达为一个与联合概率密度函数相关的函数在失效域中的数学期望的形式,所提方法采用马尔可夫链来高效模拟失效域中的样本,进而采用样本均值替代总体均值的方法来得到可靠性灵敏度的估计值。与已有的基于Monte-Carlo模拟的可靠性灵敏度分析方法相比,所提方法在保证计算精度的基础上计算效率有显著提高,尤其是针对小失效概率的可靠性灵敏度分析问题。该算例充分说明了所提方法的合理可行性。     

A Microwave Method for the Determination of the Real Parts of the Magnetic and Dielectric Material Parameters of Premagnetized Microwave Ferrites

A microwave method is presented for the determination of the real parts of the magnetic and dielectric material parameters of premagnetized microwave ferrites. It is based on the simultaneous utilization of certain dynamic modes that occur in a cylindrical cavity partly filled with a ferrite sample. Employing the corresponding eigenvalue equations of these modes, the material parameters are computed from the measured resonant frequencies of the cavity. In contrast to other techniques, the described method requires only a single cavity and a single, easily produced sample of the ferrite material to be examined. The evaluation of the measurements can be done with a simple desk-top computer. The material parameters of two different ferrite materials have been measured and found to be in satisfactory agreement with parameters calculated from formulas based on model conceptions.     

Subset simulation for structural reliability sensitivity analysis

Based on two procedures for efficiently generating conditional samples, i.e. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and importance sampling (IS), two reliability sensitivity (RS) algorithms are presented. On the basis of reliability analysis of Subset simulation (Subsim), the RS of the failure probability with respect to the distribution parameter of the basic variable is transformed as a set of RS of conditional failure probabilities with respect to the distribution parameter of the basic variable. By use of the conditional samples generated by MCMC simulation and IS, procedures are established to estimate the RS of the conditional failure probabilities. The formulae of the RS estimator, its variance and its coefficient of variation are derived in detail. The results of the illustrations show high efficiency and high precision of the presented algorithms, and it is suitable for highly nonlinear limit state equation and structural system with single and multiple failure modes.     

基于柔度差曲率矩阵的结构损伤识别方法

柔度是较频率和位移模态更敏感的结构损伤标示量。提出利用结构损伤前、后的柔度矩阵,先后对柔度矩阵差的列、行进行两次差分,求得柔度差曲率矩阵(δFlexibility Curvature Matrix),并以其对角元素作为检测结构损伤指标(δFCMD)的新方法。该方法仅需低阶模态参数即可进行损伤检测,不论对简支梁、悬臂梁、固支梁,或多跨连续梁,单一位置损伤、支撑处损伤、轻微损伤,还是多种损伤共存,均具有损伤定位的能力、并能定性反映损伤程度。通过与已有的柔度差、柔度变化率、均匀荷载面曲率差等柔度指标的数值模拟分析研究,显示了该指标检测损伤的有效性和优越性。     

去噪正则化模型修正方法在桥梁损伤识别中的应用

以传统基于灵敏度分析的有限元模型修正方法为基础,提出一种结合小波去噪过程的正则化模型修正损伤识别方法.为改进模型修正方法损伤识别效果,一方面利用有损结构模态与模态噪声的波形在时频域内的差异,以结构有限元模型为基准,对实测模态差进行小波去噪处理,并利用修正后的模态构造目标函数;一方面采用正则化方法改善反问题求解的非适定性.由于从输入数据和求解过程两方面同时改善了结构损伤识别反问题的求解,因此可以有效抑制实测模态参数中噪声的影响,正确识别结构损伤.以连续梁桥模型为例的损伤识别数值模拟表明,所提出方法在保持识别算法鲁棒性、抑制噪声的同时,可有效提高桥梁结构损伤的识别精度.     

High-frequency intensity modulation in orthogonal polarized dual frequency lasers with optical feedback

High-frequency modulation of laser output intensity is studied with asymmetric feedback induced by the misalignment of an external feedback reflector in an orthogonal polarized dual frequency laser. The fringe frequency of the optical feedback system is seven times higher than that of a conventional optical feedback system, due to multiple feedback effects. The output characteristics of two orthogonal polarized modes are also investigated. Mode competition is observed between the two modes. When initial intensities of the two modes are unequal, the mode competition will be strong. The difference in initial intensity between the two orthogonally polarized modes plays an important role in the mode competition with optical feedback. Experimental results are presented, as well as a theoretical explanation. The high-frequency modulation of laser intensity can greatly increase the resolution of an optical feedback sensing system.     

Dominant failure mode analysis using representative samples obtained by multiple response surfaces method

The conventional methods for failure mode analysis usually fail to identify dominant failure modes efficiently for large structures. To overcome this issue, an approach based on representative samples is proposed, which combines the MRS (multiple response surfaces) method with iterative strategies. The main steps are: (1) use MRS method to approximate the system failure function piecewise and to search the multiple design points; (2) perform deterministic structural analysis to identify failure sequences for samples in the important domain rather than the total domain; (3) solve representative samples with iterative strategies to obtain a converged solution based on a visualization plot. A key merit of this approach is that it can identify dominant failure modes efficiently due to the utilization of samples with most contributions to system failure, such as design points, etc. Numerical examples show that the proposed method can be used well to search dominant failure modes for structures.     

Tunable electro-optical 2 × 2 photonic crystal beam splitter

A tunable electro-optical 2?×?2 beam splitter based on two-dimensional rod-type photonic crystals is presented. The beam splitter consists of two orthogonally crossed linear waveguides and a single center rod in square lattice photonic crystals. In order to create a linear waveguide, the radius of a line of rods is reduced. A single center rod is positioned at the intersection of the linear waveguides to divide the input lightwave into output ports. The switching mechanism is a change in the conductance of the waveguide region and hence modulating the guided modes. The tunable beam splitter can be applied to photonic integrated circuits.     

The trapping of surface waves by multiple submerged horizontal cylinders

The existence of edge waves, or trapped modes, travelling above a single long horizontal submerged cylinder is well established in the linearised theory of water waves. In the present paper, the possibility of wave-trapping by multiple submerged horizontal circular cylinders is considered. The trapped mode solutions are constructed by means of a multipole approach combined with an addition formula for Bessel functions and requires finding the non-trivial solutions of a real infinite system of algebraic equations. The case of a single submerged cylinder is returned to briefly, where results for symmetric trapped modes are reproduced and new numerical results for antisymmetric modes are presented. A large range of results are also presented for multiple cylinders.     

Two-dimensional image transmission through a single optical fiber by wavelength-time multiplexing

Serial transmission of image data through an optical fiber is inefficient in the utilization of the channel capacity of the fiber. Parallel image transmission techniques, on the other hand, generally limit the transmission length to a few meters. A novel approach is introduced with which 2-D image data can be transmitted efficiently at high speed over a single optical fiber using wavelength-time multiplexing. Several system configurations designed for different types of input are presented.     

Dual-channel rainbow trapping of terahertz surface plasmon-polariton in graded metallic grating structures

We numerically show that slowing down and even stopping Terahertz waves can be achieved in a one-dimensional graded-grating-depth metal structure. Since the dispersion curves are dependent on the graded grating depths, waves of different wavelengths can be localized at different spatial positions of the structure, leading to rainbow trapping. Especially, dual-channel trapped rainbows with different modes can be realized in a single structure as two bands appear in the dispersion curve within the analyzed frequency range. In addition, due to the fact that the bands with different order modes do not overlap one another in the frequency domain, for each mode, its single-mode propagation can be available by properly choosing operation frequency. Such a phenomenon never happens for conventional dielectric or metal waveguides.     

Multistage optical system for broadcasting and switching information

Conventional switching systems connect each input channel to one output channel. Broadcasting systems permit the connection of each input channel to more than a single output. A broadcast 2 x 2 switch is presented. This switch is an extension of the standard bypass-exchange switch. It allows for the broadcasting of the inputs in addition to the conventional modes. Multistage interconnection networks can be constructed with this switch as the basic building block. Such networks will extend their capabilities, allowing for broadcasting features. Three implementations of this type are described, and experimental results for the 2 x 2 switch are also presented.     

Forced damped modes of vibration of fabricated unit structures

Employing a method of vibration testing due to Kennedy and Pancu, with elementary extensions, forced damped modes of vibration of unit fabricated structures have been studied. Theoretical and practical procedures associated with the tests are discussed and the response vector diagrams and mode shape diagrams presented for the third bending mode of vibration of single and combined unit structures. The existence and accuracy of damped modes of vibration are discussed. Test results indicate that by applying this vibration testing method, approximate forced damped modes of vibration of unit structures are uncovered. The dynamic characteristics of these modes will be suitable for use in design and development studies.     

Reliability analysis of electronic devices with multiple competing failure modes involving performance aging degradation

This paper presents an extension of reliability analysis of electronic devices with multiple competing failure modes involving performance aging degradation. The probability that a product fails on a specific mode is derived. Using this probability, the dominant failure mode on the product can be predicted. A practical example is presented to analyze an electronic device with two kinds of major failure modes–solder/Cu pad interface fracture (a catastrophic failure) and light intensity degradation (a degradation failure). Reliability modeling of an individual failure mode and device reliability analysis is presented and results are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双纵模He-Ne激光器的热稳频技术研究

介绍了双纵模He-Ne激光器的热稳频技术原理,设计了热稳频控制系统,并进行了相关的实验。根据实验结果可知,本热稳频系统实现了将两个纵模频率稳定在增益曲线中心频率对称位置和不对称位置上。根据拍频结果可知,当稳定在对称位置上时,激光器的频率稳定度达10^-10量级;当稳定在不对称位置上、维持频率稳定度10^-10量级时,激光器输出单纵模的功率最高达总功率的80%。     

自由曲面的CNC直接插补加工技术

在ＣＮＣ系统上直接根据曲面几何定义与加工工艺参数对多轴贡面加工的连续运动轨迹进行实时插补控制，在ＣＮＣ上直接在ＡＰＴ高级语言编程，极大地科化了零件程序，并可在线修改与补偿机床运动结构、刀具形状尺寸及加工作量等工艺参数，使曲在线曲面精加工经济而高效。在单ＣＰＵ硬件环境下实现了从一般二次曲线到复杂的参数组合曲面，从两轴加工到复杂的五轴联动功能，可采用多种加工刀具与加工方式，可实时检测与处理刀具干涉，并     

High-power high-resolution pulser for air-coupled ultrasonic NDE applications

This paper describes the design and development of a high-power high-resolution pulser designed especially for air-coupled ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation applications requiring high material penetration capability. The pulser can deliver up to 800 V in a spike excitation type pulse to appropriate low/medium frequency transducers. Moreover, the pulser operates in three different modes: single pulse, double pulse (pulse cancellation technique), and external reference signal, where the last two operating modes are intended to enhance the axial resolution of ultrasonic inspections. Experimental results show that the received pulse duration can be significantly reduced, and reduction factors of 2 or 3 in the pulse duration can be easily achieved.     

Analysis of complex system reliability with correlated random vectors

The analysis of reliability of complex engineering systems remains a challenge in the field of reliability. It will be even more difficult if correlated random vectors are involved, which is generally the case as practical engineering systems invariably contain parameters that are mutually correlated. A new method for transforming correlated distributions, involving the Nataf transformation, is proposed that avoids the solution of integral equations; the method is based on the Taylor series expansion of the probability density function (PDF) of a bivariate normal distribution resulting in an explicit polynomial equation of the equivalent correlation coefficient. The required numerical results can be obtained efficiently and accurately.The proposed method for transformation of correlated random vectors is useful for developing a method for system reliability including complex systems with correlated random vectors. Based on the complete system failure process (originally defined as the development process of nonlinearity) and the fourth-moment method, the analysis of system reliability for elastic-plastic material avoids the identification of the potential failure modes of the system and their mutual correlations which are required in the traditional methods. Finally, four examples are presented – two examples to illustrate the potential of the new method for transformation of correlated random vectors, and two examples to illustrate the application of the proposed more effective method for system reliability.